船舶液压推进节能研究
摘要
船舶大型化、专业化、高速化已成为发展趋势,主机的功率也相应加大,柴油机直接推进逐渐表现出一些不适应其发展的缺点。正因如此,电力推进、超导电磁推进、喷水推进、液力推进等推进方式随之出现。这些推进方式相对于直接推进方式各有优点,但都存在不足。液压驱动因具有驱动功率大、适应重负荷、调速性和安全性好、便于集中控制、液压动力源可以一机多用等优点,因此船舶液压综合推进被提出。
本文在对船舶液压推进系统原理分析和总结液压系统节能的途径的基础上,建立船舶液压推进的液压系统效率模型,这一模型除考虑传动过程中的损失外,还考虑了冷却系统以及补油系统的功率消耗,对船舶液压推进的液压推进系统效率进行了分析和研究,并以压力、油温、管路直径为变量,运用遗传算法及Matlab遗传算法与直接搜索工具箱对效率模型进行优化。最后分析了管径、温度及压力的变化对系统效率的影响,并从节能的角度对综合液压推进系统总效率与直接推进系统总效率进行了对比分析。
最后对课题的研究作了总结和展望。
With the developing trend of modern shipping towards macro-scale operation technology, specialization and speed-up, the direct propulsion of diesel mode emerge some disadvantages that can not apply to the modern shipping . accordingly,ship electric propulsion, superconducting electromagnetic propulsion, water-jet propulsion and hydraulic propulsion are proposed.Although contrasting to direct propulsion these drive mode show some advantages,they also have their own deficiencies. The driving of hydraulics have much predominance,such as the big driving power, adapting to the heavy carrying, adjusting velocity soon, the safety, being easy to concentrate the control, and the hydraulic source can be used for many machines. So, Integrated Hydraulic Propulsion was put forward in this paper.
In this paper,through the analysis of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system and summarization of methods of hydraulic system energy-saving , the author established the model of efficiency of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system .In the model, not only the transmission loss is considered ,the loss of cooling system and system is Also taken into account. In the course of analyzing and studying the efficiency of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system , the author take the system pressure, the oil temperature and the pipeline diameter as variables and optimize the model with Genetic Algorithm and MATLAB Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox . The total efficiency of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system and that of direct propulsion of diesel are contrasted and analyzed from energy-saving.
At last, the research is summarized and prospected in this paper.
本文在对船舶液压推进系统原理分析和总结液压系统节能的途径的基础上,建立船舶液压推进的液压系统效率模型,这一模型除考虑传动过程中的损失外,还考虑了冷却系统以及补油系统的功率消耗,对船舶液压推进的液压推进系统效率进行了分析和研究,并以压力、油温、管路直径为变量,运用遗传算法及Matlab遗传算法与直接搜索工具箱对效率模型进行优化。最后分析了管径、温度及压力的变化对系统效率的影响,并从节能的角度对综合液压推进系统总效率与直接推进系统总效率进行了对比分析。
最后对课题的研究作了总结和展望。
With the developing trend of modern shipping towards macro-scale operation technology, specialization and speed-up, the direct propulsion of diesel mode emerge some disadvantages that can not apply to the modern shipping . accordingly,ship electric propulsion, superconducting electromagnetic propulsion, water-jet propulsion and hydraulic propulsion are proposed.Although contrasting to direct propulsion these drive mode show some advantages,they also have their own deficiencies. The driving of hydraulics have much predominance,such as the big driving power, adapting to the heavy carrying, adjusting velocity soon, the safety, being easy to concentrate the control, and the hydraulic source can be used for many machines. So, Integrated Hydraulic Propulsion was put forward in this paper.
In this paper,through the analysis of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system and summarization of methods of hydraulic system energy-saving , the author established the model of efficiency of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system .In the model, not only the transmission loss is considered ,the loss of cooling system and system is Also taken into account. In the course of analyzing and studying the efficiency of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system , the author take the system pressure, the oil temperature and the pipeline diameter as variables and optimize the model with Genetic Algorithm and MATLAB Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox . The total efficiency of Hydraulic Propulsion Ship system and that of direct propulsion of diesel are contrasted and analyzed from energy-saving.
At last, the research is summarized and prospected in this paper.
引文
[1]阎欣.新型船舶推进方式—船舶综合液压推进.液压气动与密封.2006(02):38-39.
[2]Yuri AlDreizinl The electromagnetic chemical propulsion concept 1 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1995,31(1):279-283.
[3]吴伯才.船舶液压推进的可行性探讨.宁波大学学报(理工版).2002(02):76-78.
[4]谢清程.吊舱式电力推进器的新发展.机电设备,2007(01):1-2.
[5]叶国泉.吊舱式电力推进装置的应用.上海造船,2007(01):19-21.
[6]王天奎.顾建民.船舶超导磁流体推进技术展望.船舶工程,1994(05):9-13.
[7]郭国才译.“大和l号”超导磁流体推进系统设计结构以及特性.Tram IMarE.Vol 104.The Superconducting magnetohydrodynamic propulsion System of Yamato—1:design,structure and performance(英).黄友朋校.
[8]刘柱.船舶喷水推进技术发展.水路运输文摘,2004(11):40-41.
[9]刘承江.喷水推进研究综述.船舶工程,2006(04):49-52.
[10]杨国平,刘忠.现代工程机械液压与液力实用技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[11]程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[12]刘柱.几种船舶推进系统的比较.青岛远洋船员学院学报,2003(03):40-44.
[13]M.E.Lngrim,G.Y.Masada.The Extend Bond Graph Notation Journal of Dynamic System,Transaction of ASME Measurement and Control,Vol113,1991.3:113-116..
[14]M.E.Lngrim.Extend Bond Graph representation of the Transaction of the ASME.Vol113,1991.3:118-121.
[15]殷乾训.国外新型船舶液压推进装置.航海工程,1984(05):30-33.
[16]Ji Yulong,and Sun Yuqing.Modelling and simulation of IHP ship.The 2nd International Conference On Computational Methods in Fluid Power(FPNI'06),2006.
[17]魏德宝.船舶综合液压推进系统设计.液压气动与密封,2008(01):25-28.
[18]王国强.盛振邦.船舶推进.长沙:国防工业出版社,1985.
[19]程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理.人民交通出版社,2001.
[20]哈瓦尔特.船舶阻力与推进.大连理工大学出版社,1989.
[21]朱树文.船舶动力装置原理与设计.上海交通大学出版社,1985:1-2.
[22]“船舶综合液压推进基础研究”验收材料.
[23]刘国富.船舶液压系统设计及打桩船液压系统的改进设计与仿真研究.硕士论文.上海:上海海事大学,2004.
[24]章宏甲,黄谊.机床液压传动.北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[25]雷天觉.液压工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[26]He Cunxing.Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Transmission.HuaZhong University of Science and Technology Press(china),2000,4:101-102.
[27]任建勋等.液压传动计算与系统设计.黑龙江:黑龙江省出版局,1982.
[28]章宏甲.液压与气压传动.机械工业出版社,2003.
[29]周士昌.液压设计图集.机械工业出版社,2004.
[30]国家机械工业委员会.液压传动.机械工业出版社,1988.
[31]机械工程手册编辑委员会.机械工程手册 液压卷.机械工业出版社,1997.
[32]李启麟、刘红霞.液压传动中的能量与压力损失.液压与气动,2002.(5):30-31.
[33]任文江.船舶动力装置节能.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1991.
[34]芮德宇.液压传动系统中压力损失的探讨[J].机床与液压,1998.(3):52-53.
[35]马春霆.船舶柴油机的进展与节能北京:国防工业出版社,1988.
[34]交通部.国外船舶节能技术,1985.
[35]林国重、盛东初 液压传动与控制[M]北京:北京工业学院出版社,1986.
[36]何存兴.液压元件[M]北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[37]姚晶宇、王庆丰.采用双联泵结构的新型液压动力转向泵研究[J]液压与气动,2002(10):23-24.
[38]Lambeck R P.Hydraulic Pumps and Motors selection and Application for Hydraulic power Control System NewYork:marcel Dekker inc,1983.
[39]李来君.液压油的合理选用.林业机械.1995(3):40-41.
[40]张明理.船舶中央冷却系统的优化设计及节能研究.化学工业出版社,1990.
[41]穆程明.液压油对液压系统的影响.黑龙江交通科技,2006(2):66-67.
[42]杨传富.节能液压油的性能与应用.润滑油,2006(10):34-35.
[43]张彦廷.基于混合动力与能量回收的液压挖掘机技能研究.博士论文.杭州:浙江大学, 2006.
[44]鲁湖斌.旋挖钻机上车回旋液压系统节能与定位控制的研究.硕士论文.长沙:中南大学,2007.
[45]赵尚福.装载机工作装置液压系统节能技术研究.硕士论文.长春:吉林大学,2006.
[46]贺利乐.建设机械液压与液力传动.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[47]陈鹰.液压仿真技术的新进展.液压传动与气动,1997(01):4-6.
[48]李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
[49]陆元章.液压系统的建模与分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社.1989:107-114.
[50]雷伊.工业节能手册,北京:化学工业出版社,1985.
[51]王小平.遗传算法理论、应用及软件实现.西安:西安交通大学出版社.2002.
[52]张文修.遗传算法的数学基础 Mathematical foundation of genetic algorithms,2003.
[53]程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计.西安交通大学出版社,2000.
[54]周明.遗传算法原理及应用 Genetic algorithms:theory and applications.国防工业出版社,1999.
[55]玄光男.遗传算法与工程优化 Genetic algorithms and engineering optimization.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[56]陈国良.遗传算法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996.
[57]李敏强.遗传算法的基本理论与应用.科学出版社.2002.
[58]雷英杰.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[59]王家文MATLAB 7.0编程基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[60]李南南.MATLAB 7简明教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[6l]于润伟.MATLAB基础及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[62]盛振邦.船舶原理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003.
[63]顾敏童.船舶设计原理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2001.
[2]Yuri AlDreizinl The electromagnetic chemical propulsion concept 1 IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1995,31(1):279-283.
[3]吴伯才.船舶液压推进的可行性探讨.宁波大学学报(理工版).2002(02):76-78.
[4]谢清程.吊舱式电力推进器的新发展.机电设备,2007(01):1-2.
[5]叶国泉.吊舱式电力推进装置的应用.上海造船,2007(01):19-21.
[6]王天奎.顾建民.船舶超导磁流体推进技术展望.船舶工程,1994(05):9-13.
[7]郭国才译.“大和l号”超导磁流体推进系统设计结构以及特性.Tram IMarE.Vol 104.The Superconducting magnetohydrodynamic propulsion System of Yamato—1:design,structure and performance(英).黄友朋校.
[8]刘柱.船舶喷水推进技术发展.水路运输文摘,2004(11):40-41.
[9]刘承江.喷水推进研究综述.船舶工程,2006(04):49-52.
[10]杨国平,刘忠.现代工程机械液压与液力实用技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[11]程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[12]刘柱.几种船舶推进系统的比较.青岛远洋船员学院学报,2003(03):40-44.
[13]M.E.Lngrim,G.Y.Masada.The Extend Bond Graph Notation Journal of Dynamic System,Transaction of ASME Measurement and Control,Vol113,1991.3:113-116..
[14]M.E.Lngrim.Extend Bond Graph representation of the Transaction of the ASME.Vol113,1991.3:118-121.
[15]殷乾训.国外新型船舶液压推进装置.航海工程,1984(05):30-33.
[16]Ji Yulong,and Sun Yuqing.Modelling and simulation of IHP ship.The 2nd International Conference On Computational Methods in Fluid Power(FPNI'06),2006.
[17]魏德宝.船舶综合液压推进系统设计.液压气动与密封,2008(01):25-28.
[18]王国强.盛振邦.船舶推进.长沙:国防工业出版社,1985.
[19]程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理.人民交通出版社,2001.
[20]哈瓦尔特.船舶阻力与推进.大连理工大学出版社,1989.
[21]朱树文.船舶动力装置原理与设计.上海交通大学出版社,1985:1-2.
[22]“船舶综合液压推进基础研究”验收材料.
[23]刘国富.船舶液压系统设计及打桩船液压系统的改进设计与仿真研究.硕士论文.上海:上海海事大学,2004.
[24]章宏甲,黄谊.机床液压传动.北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[25]雷天觉.液压工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[26]He Cunxing.Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Transmission.HuaZhong University of Science and Technology Press(china),2000,4:101-102.
[27]任建勋等.液压传动计算与系统设计.黑龙江:黑龙江省出版局,1982.
[28]章宏甲.液压与气压传动.机械工业出版社,2003.
[29]周士昌.液压设计图集.机械工业出版社,2004.
[30]国家机械工业委员会.液压传动.机械工业出版社,1988.
[31]机械工程手册编辑委员会.机械工程手册 液压卷.机械工业出版社,1997.
[32]李启麟、刘红霞.液压传动中的能量与压力损失.液压与气动,2002.(5):30-31.
[33]任文江.船舶动力装置节能.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1991.
[34]芮德宇.液压传动系统中压力损失的探讨[J].机床与液压,1998.(3):52-53.
[35]马春霆.船舶柴油机的进展与节能北京:国防工业出版社,1988.
[34]交通部.国外船舶节能技术,1985.
[35]林国重、盛东初 液压传动与控制[M]北京:北京工业学院出版社,1986.
[36]何存兴.液压元件[M]北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[37]姚晶宇、王庆丰.采用双联泵结构的新型液压动力转向泵研究[J]液压与气动,2002(10):23-24.
[38]Lambeck R P.Hydraulic Pumps and Motors selection and Application for Hydraulic power Control System NewYork:marcel Dekker inc,1983.
[39]李来君.液压油的合理选用.林业机械.1995(3):40-41.
[40]张明理.船舶中央冷却系统的优化设计及节能研究.化学工业出版社,1990.
[41]穆程明.液压油对液压系统的影响.黑龙江交通科技,2006(2):66-67.
[42]杨传富.节能液压油的性能与应用.润滑油,2006(10):34-35.
[43]张彦廷.基于混合动力与能量回收的液压挖掘机技能研究.博士论文.杭州:浙江大学, 2006.
[44]鲁湖斌.旋挖钻机上车回旋液压系统节能与定位控制的研究.硕士论文.长沙:中南大学,2007.
[45]赵尚福.装载机工作装置液压系统节能技术研究.硕士论文.长春:吉林大学,2006.
[46]贺利乐.建设机械液压与液力传动.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[47]陈鹰.液压仿真技术的新进展.液压传动与气动,1997(01):4-6.
[48]李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
[49]陆元章.液压系统的建模与分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社.1989:107-114.
[50]雷伊.工业节能手册,北京:化学工业出版社,1985.
[51]王小平.遗传算法理论、应用及软件实现.西安:西安交通大学出版社.2002.
[52]张文修.遗传算法的数学基础 Mathematical foundation of genetic algorithms,2003.
[53]程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计.西安交通大学出版社,2000.
[54]周明.遗传算法原理及应用 Genetic algorithms:theory and applications.国防工业出版社,1999.
[55]玄光男.遗传算法与工程优化 Genetic algorithms and engineering optimization.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[56]陈国良.遗传算法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996.
[57]李敏强.遗传算法的基本理论与应用.科学出版社.2002.
[58]雷英杰.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[59]王家文MATLAB 7.0编程基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[60]李南南.MATLAB 7简明教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[6l]于润伟.MATLAB基础及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[62]盛振邦.船舶原理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003.
[63]顾敏童.船舶设计原理.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2001.