船舶综合液压推进系统设计及动态仿真
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摘要
现代船舶逐渐向大型化、专业化、高速化方向发展,船舶的传统推进方式——柴油机直接推进逐渐表现出一些不适应其发展的缺点。为此,须探寻机动性能良好、综合性能优良的推进方式以迎合现代船舶发展的要求。随着各种先进技术的发展,电子、磁流体等技术已经应用于船舶推进装置中,先后出现了电力推进、超导电磁推进、喷水推进、液力推进等推进方式。这些推进方式相对于柴油机直接推进方式各有优点,但都存在不足。本文在分析各种推进方式的优缺点的基础上,结合液压传动技术在船舶中的应用,提出了一种新的推进方式——船舶综合液压推进,并通过分析指出该推进方式有可能成为一种具有更高性能的推进方式。
为验证船舶液压推进的可行性,根据液压传动技术确定了船舶液压综合推进系统的方案,并采用模型试验的方法,建立实物模型对船舶综合液压推进方式进行试验研究。通过结合相似理论和相关方法,利用量纲分析法确定螺旋桨模型的相似准则,采用惯性块连接液压泵来模拟螺旋桨:并采用电动机代替柴油机作为实验系统的主机,以模拟船舶液压推进装置设计了一台物理模拟试验机,为船舶液压推进的进一步研究奠定了试验基础。
结合功率流理论,采用功率键合图法建立船舶液压推进系统中的液压系统数学模型,并根据主机和船桨特性分别建立了主机和船桨系统的数学模型,以构成船舶液压推进系统模型。基于Matlab/Simulink进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明:船舶液压推进是一种性能优良的推进方式,并为进一步研究确定了理论依据。
最后对课题的研究作了总结和展望。
With the development of modern shipping towards macro-scale operation technology, specialization and speed-up, as the traditional propulsion mode, the diesel propulsion mode can not appeal to the modern shipping, so that new propulsion mode with good maneuverability and performance are urgently needed to meet the demands of modern shipping. Afterwards, ship electric propulsion, superconducting electromagnetic propulsion, water-jet propulsion and hydraulic propulsion are proposed, where electronic technology and magnetic fluid technology are applied into shipping propulsion devices. However, these drive mode show some deficiencies. Thus, in this paper, the ship hydraulic drive with great potential is presented, with analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each drive mode and applying the fluid drive technology into shipping.Based on ship propulsion principles and the hydraulic propulsion technology, a system design plan of the ship hydraulic propulsion is established, and a physical model is designed to validate its feasibility, with the method of model test. The similarity criterion of screw propeller model is determined by the method of dimensional analysis, and inertia mass is selected to simulate the screw propeller;the diesel is substituted by the electromotor as the main engine. Then, a suit of experimental devices is established for studying further the ship hydraulic propulsion.With combining the power flow principle, the hydraulic system model of the ship hydraulic drive system is proposed by the Power Bond Graph. The main engine and screw propeller model are proposed according to their performances. Then, the hydraulic drive system model is presented. Simulation experiments by Matlab/Simulink is conducted, and the results indicate that the ship hydraulic drive in is a drive mode with good performance, which provides the theoretical base for developing further the ship hydraulic drive. At last, the research is summarized and prospected in this paper.
为验证船舶液压推进的可行性,根据液压传动技术确定了船舶液压综合推进系统的方案,并采用模型试验的方法,建立实物模型对船舶综合液压推进方式进行试验研究。通过结合相似理论和相关方法,利用量纲分析法确定螺旋桨模型的相似准则,采用惯性块连接液压泵来模拟螺旋桨:并采用电动机代替柴油机作为实验系统的主机,以模拟船舶液压推进装置设计了一台物理模拟试验机,为船舶液压推进的进一步研究奠定了试验基础。
结合功率流理论,采用功率键合图法建立船舶液压推进系统中的液压系统数学模型,并根据主机和船桨特性分别建立了主机和船桨系统的数学模型,以构成船舶液压推进系统模型。基于Matlab/Simulink进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明:船舶液压推进是一种性能优良的推进方式,并为进一步研究确定了理论依据。
最后对课题的研究作了总结和展望。
With the development of modern shipping towards macro-scale operation technology, specialization and speed-up, as the traditional propulsion mode, the diesel propulsion mode can not appeal to the modern shipping, so that new propulsion mode with good maneuverability and performance are urgently needed to meet the demands of modern shipping. Afterwards, ship electric propulsion, superconducting electromagnetic propulsion, water-jet propulsion and hydraulic propulsion are proposed, where electronic technology and magnetic fluid technology are applied into shipping propulsion devices. However, these drive mode show some deficiencies. Thus, in this paper, the ship hydraulic drive with great potential is presented, with analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each drive mode and applying the fluid drive technology into shipping.Based on ship propulsion principles and the hydraulic propulsion technology, a system design plan of the ship hydraulic propulsion is established, and a physical model is designed to validate its feasibility, with the method of model test. The similarity criterion of screw propeller model is determined by the method of dimensional analysis, and inertia mass is selected to simulate the screw propeller;the diesel is substituted by the electromotor as the main engine. Then, a suit of experimental devices is established for studying further the ship hydraulic propulsion.With combining the power flow principle, the hydraulic system model of the ship hydraulic drive system is proposed by the Power Bond Graph. The main engine and screw propeller model are proposed according to their performances. Then, the hydraulic drive system model is presented. Simulation experiments by Matlab/Simulink is conducted, and the results indicate that the ship hydraulic drive in is a drive mode with good performance, which provides the theoretical base for developing further the ship hydraulic drive. At last, the research is summarized and prospected in this paper.
引文
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[2] 吴伯才.船舶液压推进的可行性探讨.宁波大学学报(理工版).2002.Vol.15 No.2:76-78
[3] 刘赟,徐绍佐.船舶综合电力推进系统综述.柴油机—Diesel Engine.2004年第2期:1-3
[4] 王天奎,顾建民.船舶超导磁流体推进技术展望.船舶工程.1994年第5期
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[6] 郭国才译.“大和1号”超导磁流体推进系统设计结构以及特性.Trans IMarE.Vol 104.The Superconducting magnetohydrodynamic propulsion System of Yamato—1: design, structure and performance(英).黄友朋校
[7] 刘柱.船舶喷水推进技术发展.水路运输文摘.2004
[8] 杨国平,刘忠.现代工程机械液压与液力实用技术.人民交通出版社.2003
[9] 刘柱.几种船舶推进系统的比较.青岛远洋船员学院学报.2003.Vol.24 No.3:40-44
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[11] 任旭东,陈刚.船舶推进系统的选择.世界海运.2004.Vol.28 No.4:41-42
[12] 章宏甲,黄谊.机床液压传动.机械工业出版社.1987:3-4
[13] 杨球来,许贤良,赵连春.大扭矩液压马达的发展现状与展望.机械工程师.2004年第3期:6-9
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[15] 邱绪光.实用相似理论.北京航空学院出版社.1988:186-188
[16] 邹滋祥.相似理论在叶轮机械模型研究中的应用.科学出版社.1984:88-103
[17] 王国强,盛振邦.船舶推进.长沙:国防工业出版社.1985
[18] 程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理.人民交通出版社.2001:1
[19] 朱树文.船舶动力装置原理与设计.上海交通大学出版社.1985:1-2
[20] 章宏甲.液压与气压传动.机械工业出版社.2003
[21] 周士昌.液压设计图集.机械工业出版社.2004
[22] 国家机械工业委员会.液压传动.机械工业出版社.1988
[23] 机械工程手册编辑委员会.机械工程手册 液压卷.机械工业出版社.1997
[24] 李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真.北京:冶金工业出版社.2003
[25] 陆元章.液压系统的建模与分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社.1989:107-114
[26] 刘建树,田树军.液压系统动态特性数字仿真.大连:大连理工大学出版社.1994年
[27] M.E.Lngrim, G.Y.Masada. The Extended Bond Graph Notation Journal of Dynamic System, Transaction of ASME Measurement and Control,Vol 113, 1991. 3: 113—116
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[29] 德兰斯菲尔德.液压控制系统的设计与动态分析.大连工学院液压教研室译.北京:科学技术出版社 1987.3
[30] 彭天好.变频泵控马达调速及补偿特性的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2003
[31] 从爽.神经网络、模糊系统及其在运动控制中的应用.清华大学出版社.1997
[32] [丹麦]Sv.Aa.哈瓦尔特.船舶阻力与推进.黄鼎良,张忠业,王言英译.大连理工大学出版社.1989
[33] 王国强.船舶推进.国防工业出版社.1985
[34] 邵世明.船舶阻力.国防工业出版社.1995
[35] 邱晓林,李天柁,弟宇鸣等.基于MATLAB的动态模型与系统仿真工具-Simulink3.0/4.X.西安:西安交通大学出版社.2003
[36] “船舶综合液压推进基础研究”项目申请书
[37] Wang Xue Zhi, Cui Zhi She, Xu Yong. The Application of the Man-simulated Intelligent Control to Electro-hydraulic Servo System.1997 IEEE Internationl Conference on Intelligent Processing Systems, October 28-31, Beijing, China
[38] Y. Jen, C. Lee. Robust speed control of a pump-controlled motor system. IEE PROCEEDINGS-D, Vol. 139, No. 6, NOVEMBER 1992
[39] 贺利乐.建设机械液压与液力传动.机械工业出版社,2004
[40] 朱亚莉,李巍,张维竞,张燕燕.舰船推进装置仿真技术的发展.计算机应用,2001.5
[41] 张维竞,陶鸿莹,朱亚莉.某船推进装置的建模及动态仿真.计算机仿真,2002.5
[42] 刘勇,丛望.螺旋桨负载特性动态仿真实验的研究.船电技术 2002.4
[43] 施阳.MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK[M].西北工业大学出版社,1999
[44] 贺利乐.建设机械液压与液力传动.机械工业出版社,2004
[45] 刘文良,王杰.Simulink中一般模型的创建方法及其在系统仿真中的应用.天津轻工业学院学报,1999.4
[46] 陆金铭.船舶推进装置的MATLAB仿真.船舶工程,2002.5
[2] 吴伯才.船舶液压推进的可行性探讨.宁波大学学报(理工版).2002.Vol.15 No.2:76-78
[3] 刘赟,徐绍佐.船舶综合电力推进系统综述.柴油机—Diesel Engine.2004年第2期:1-3
[4] 王天奎,顾建民.船舶超导磁流体推进技术展望.船舶工程.1994年第5期
[5] 谭作武,回嘉陵.磁流体推进.北京:北京工业大学出版社.1998年第1版
[6] 郭国才译.“大和1号”超导磁流体推进系统设计结构以及特性.Trans IMarE.Vol 104.The Superconducting magnetohydrodynamic propulsion System of Yamato—1: design, structure and performance(英).黄友朋校
[7] 刘柱.船舶喷水推进技术发展.水路运输文摘.2004
[8] 杨国平,刘忠.现代工程机械液压与液力实用技术.人民交通出版社.2003
[9] 刘柱.几种船舶推进系统的比较.青岛远洋船员学院学报.2003.Vol.24 No.3:40-44
[10] 顾杰仁.客轮推进系统的选择.船舶.1995年第4期:48-52
[11] 任旭东,陈刚.船舶推进系统的选择.世界海运.2004.Vol.28 No.4:41-42
[12] 章宏甲,黄谊.机床液压传动.机械工业出版社.1987:3-4
[13] 杨球来,许贤良,赵连春.大扭矩液压马达的发展现状与展望.机械工程师.2004年第3期:6-9
[14] 徐挺.相似方法及其应用.机械工业出版社.1995:13—26,40-41
[15] 邱绪光.实用相似理论.北京航空学院出版社.1988:186-188
[16] 邹滋祥.相似理论在叶轮机械模型研究中的应用.科学出版社.1984:88-103
[17] 王国强,盛振邦.船舶推进.长沙:国防工业出版社.1985
[18] 程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理.人民交通出版社.2001:1
[19] 朱树文.船舶动力装置原理与设计.上海交通大学出版社.1985:1-2
[20] 章宏甲.液压与气压传动.机械工业出版社.2003
[21] 周士昌.液压设计图集.机械工业出版社.2004
[22] 国家机械工业委员会.液压传动.机械工业出版社.1988
[23] 机械工程手册编辑委员会.机械工程手册 液压卷.机械工业出版社.1997
[24] 李永堂,雷步芳,高雨茁.液压系统建模与仿真.北京:冶金工业出版社.2003
[25] 陆元章.液压系统的建模与分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社.1989:107-114
[26] 刘建树,田树军.液压系统动态特性数字仿真.大连:大连理工大学出版社.1994年
[27] M.E.Lngrim, G.Y.Masada. The Extended Bond Graph Notation Journal of Dynamic System, Transaction of ASME Measurement and Control,Vol 113, 1991. 3: 113—116
[28] M.E.Lngrim. Extended Bond Graph representation of the Transaction of the ASME. Vol 113, 1991.3: 118—121
[29] 德兰斯菲尔德.液压控制系统的设计与动态分析.大连工学院液压教研室译.北京:科学技术出版社 1987.3
[30] 彭天好.变频泵控马达调速及补偿特性的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2003
[31] 从爽.神经网络、模糊系统及其在运动控制中的应用.清华大学出版社.1997
[32] [丹麦]Sv.Aa.哈瓦尔特.船舶阻力与推进.黄鼎良,张忠业,王言英译.大连理工大学出版社.1989
[33] 王国强.船舶推进.国防工业出版社.1985
[34] 邵世明.船舶阻力.国防工业出版社.1995
[35] 邱晓林,李天柁,弟宇鸣等.基于MATLAB的动态模型与系统仿真工具-Simulink3.0/4.X.西安:西安交通大学出版社.2003
[36] “船舶综合液压推进基础研究”项目申请书
[37] Wang Xue Zhi, Cui Zhi She, Xu Yong. The Application of the Man-simulated Intelligent Control to Electro-hydraulic Servo System.1997 IEEE Internationl Conference on Intelligent Processing Systems, October 28-31, Beijing, China
[38] Y. Jen, C. Lee. Robust speed control of a pump-controlled motor system. IEE PROCEEDINGS-D, Vol. 139, No. 6, NOVEMBER 1992
[39] 贺利乐.建设机械液压与液力传动.机械工业出版社,2004
[40] 朱亚莉,李巍,张维竞,张燕燕.舰船推进装置仿真技术的发展.计算机应用,2001.5
[41] 张维竞,陶鸿莹,朱亚莉.某船推进装置的建模及动态仿真.计算机仿真,2002.5
[42] 刘勇,丛望.螺旋桨负载特性动态仿真实验的研究.船电技术 2002.4
[43] 施阳.MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK[M].西北工业大学出版社,1999
[44] 贺利乐.建设机械液压与液力传动.机械工业出版社,2004
[45] 刘文良,王杰.Simulink中一般模型的创建方法及其在系统仿真中的应用.天津轻工业学院学报,1999.4
[46] 陆金铭.船舶推进装置的MATLAB仿真.船舶工程,2002.5