LED空间色度测试研究
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摘要
与传统光源相比,LED照明光源具有体积小、功耗低、寿命长、无污染等优点。近年来,随着LED发光效率的提升和应用技术的突飞猛进,LED照明光源将成为继白炽灯,荧光灯,气体放电灯之后的主要照明光源。LED光源,尤其是基于GaN蓝光芯片,涂覆荧光粉的白光LED照明光源,颜色在空间上的不一致,将严重影响到照明的视觉效果。因此,LED照明光源的空间颜色测量,成为当前国际上的重要研究课题。
本文从光色度学的基本原理出发,讨论分析了LED光源的空间色度特性,研究了一种旋转反光镜式的空间色度分布测量方法。为了实现空间的快速高精度色度测量,作者提出了采用三刺激值色度计配合普通的CCD光谱仪进行测量的方法,提出了三种校正算法来对色度计的测量结果进行校正,并进行了理论模拟和实验分析来评价各种算法的优劣。
为了提高CCD光谱仪的测量精度,我们利用汞灯和单色仪两种方法来对光谱仪进行定标；提出相关方案来对CCD光谱仪进行非线性校正；利用单色仪来得到CCD光谱仪的SDF响应,利用相关的矩阵算法来对CCD光谱仪中的杂散光进行校正,取得了较好的效果。
Compared with conventional light sources, LED light source has a small size, low power consumption, long life, no pollution and so on. In recent years, with the improvement of LED luminous efficiency and application of the technology, LED light source will become the main light source after the incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp and gas discharge lamp. Spatial chromaticity difference of LED light source, in particular GaN-based blue chip, phosphor coated white LED light source, will seriously affect the visual effects of lighting. Therefore, the measurement of LED light source's spatial chromaticity difference becomes a major international research project.
Basing on the principle of photometry and colorimetry, this paper discussed the LED's spatial chromaticity difference and shown a new method to measure it. In order to achieve rapid high-precision measurement of spatial chromaticity difference, the author proposed to use a tristimulus colorimeter for color measurement with a common CCD spectrometer for correction. Three methods were used to correct the measurement results of the tristimulus colorimeter, theoretical simulation and experimental analysis were done to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
To improve the measurement accuracy of CCD spectrometer, we used mercury lamp and monochromator to calibrate the wavelength of spectrometer, made relevant programs on the linear calibration of the CCD spectrometer, used the monochromator to get the SDF response of the CCD spectrometer, used matrix algorithm to calibrate the stray light of the CCD spectrometer, and achieved good results.
本文从光色度学的基本原理出发,讨论分析了LED光源的空间色度特性,研究了一种旋转反光镜式的空间色度分布测量方法。为了实现空间的快速高精度色度测量,作者提出了采用三刺激值色度计配合普通的CCD光谱仪进行测量的方法,提出了三种校正算法来对色度计的测量结果进行校正,并进行了理论模拟和实验分析来评价各种算法的优劣。
为了提高CCD光谱仪的测量精度,我们利用汞灯和单色仪两种方法来对光谱仪进行定标；提出相关方案来对CCD光谱仪进行非线性校正；利用单色仪来得到CCD光谱仪的SDF响应,利用相关的矩阵算法来对CCD光谱仪中的杂散光进行校正,取得了较好的效果。
Compared with conventional light sources, LED light source has a small size, low power consumption, long life, no pollution and so on. In recent years, with the improvement of LED luminous efficiency and application of the technology, LED light source will become the main light source after the incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp and gas discharge lamp. Spatial chromaticity difference of LED light source, in particular GaN-based blue chip, phosphor coated white LED light source, will seriously affect the visual effects of lighting. Therefore, the measurement of LED light source's spatial chromaticity difference becomes a major international research project.
Basing on the principle of photometry and colorimetry, this paper discussed the LED's spatial chromaticity difference and shown a new method to measure it. In order to achieve rapid high-precision measurement of spatial chromaticity difference, the author proposed to use a tristimulus colorimeter for color measurement with a common CCD spectrometer for correction. Three methods were used to correct the measurement results of the tristimulus colorimeter, theoretical simulation and experimental analysis were done to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
To improve the measurement accuracy of CCD spectrometer, we used mercury lamp and monochromator to calibrate the wavelength of spectrometer, made relevant programs on the linear calibration of the CCD spectrometer, used the monochromator to get the SDF response of the CCD spectrometer, used matrix algorithm to calibrate the stray light of the CCD spectrometer, and achieved good results.
引文
[1]李熹霖.LED显示技术的现状和发展.光电子技术.1996,16(4),306-313.
[2]王尔镇,王春锋.固体光源和灯具的技术进展.中国照明电器.2001(11),25-26.
[3]周太明,宋贤杰,周伟.LED-21世纪照明新光源.照明工程学报.2001(4),12.
[4]朱小清,詹云翔.光度测量技术及仪器.中国计量出版社.1992.
[5]武毅.绿色光源LED.光与照明.2005,30(2),48.
[6]Arpad Bergh, George Craford, Anil Duggal, and RolandHaitz. The Promise and Challenge of Solid-State Lighting. Physics Today.2001,54(12),42-47.
[7]李有桢,王金城,王晶.白光LED光源测量及色度评价之研究.照明工程学报.2007,
[8]李有桢.白光LED光源光度色度特性测量与评价.山东：中国海洋大学.2007(27).
[9]CIE 127-2007. Measurement of LEDs.2007.
[10]任豪,王巧彬,李康业,罗宇强,范力维.LED光源光强空间分布特性的快速测试.光学仪器.2008,6(30),6-9.
[11]郁道银,谈恒英.工程光学.机械工业出版社.2005.
[12]吴继宗,叶关荣.光辐射测量.北京：机械出版社.1992.
[13]姚启钧.光学教程.高等教育出版社.2008.
[14]荆其诚,色度学.北京：科学出版社,1979.
[15]徐海松.颜色信息工程.浙江大学出版社.2005.
[16]何国兴.颜色科学.东华大学出版社.2004.
[17]朱绍龙.光源显色性评价方法.复旦大学电光源研究所.光源与照明.2005,4,10-12.
[18]熊利民,霍超.光源颜色特性的测量及计算方法.计量技术.2005(4).
[19]潘健根.LED光色电综合性能分析测试原理与仪器.液晶与显示.2003,18(2),138-140.
[20]吉群.提高LED亮度的技术途径.光电技术.2005,46(3),15-19.
[21]吕亮.LED光度测量的难点及其分析.中国照明.2005(3).
[22]朴大植,吕亮,姜晓梅,赵志丹,于靖.发光二极管(LED)国家光度标准的研究.现代计量测试.2002(1),18-21.
[23]鲍超.超高亮度LED测量问题.液晶与显示.2003,18(4),244-250.
[24]李炳乾,步良基,甘雄文,范广涵.LED正向压降随温度的变化关系研究,光子学报.2003,32(11),1349-1352.
[25]金尚忠,方晓,陈志明.发光二极管光强的测量.中国计量学院学报.1995,1(9),61-66.
[26]Michael Shaw. Goniospectroradiometric chracterisation of light sources. 2008 CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry".7-8 July 2008, Turin, Italy.
[27]Maria E. Nadal and Gael Obein. Nist Five-Axis Goniospectrometer for Surface Color Measurements.2008 CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry".7-8 July 2008,
[28]徐芙姗.LED发光强度空间分布特性测试方法及系统的研究.浙江大学.2006.
[29]IESNA Testing Procedures Committee. Goniophotometer Types and Photometric Coordinates. LM-75-01.
[30]Tongsheng Mou. A Novel Goniophotometer with Pursuit Mirror.7-8 July 2008 CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry".2008, Turin, Italy.
[31]Akos Borbely, Janos Schanda. Color Matching Using LEDs as Primaries, Color Research and Application.2004,29(5),360-364.
[32]Schanda J, Muray K, Kranice B. LED Colorimetry. SPIE 2002(4421).781-784. 3(18),66-68.
[33]ASTM E 1455-03. Standard Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristinulus Colorimeters.2003.
[34]CIE Technical Report. COLORIMETRY. CIE Pub. NO.15.
[35]Y. Ohno and J. Hardis. Four-Color Matrix Method for Correction of Tristimulus Col orimeters.Proc., IS&T/SID Fifth Color Imaging Conference.301-305,1997.
[36]George Eppeldauer. Spectral Response Based Calibration Method of Tristimulus Colorimeters. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.1998,103(6),615-619.
[37]李在清.颜色测量基础.北京：技术标准出版社,1980.
[38]Yoshi Ohno. CIE Fundamentals for Color Measurements. IS&T's NIP16: International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies. The West in Bayshore Hotel Vancouver, B.C., Canada,2000.
[39]George P.Eppeldauer. A Reference Tristimulus Colorimeter. The 9th Congress of the International Color Association. Rochester, New York, USA,2001.
[40]Kathleen Muray. Color measurement of LEDs (diode emitters) with tristimulus colorimeter. Photodetectors and Power Meters II. SanDiego, CA, USA,1995.
[41]张广军.光电测试技术.中国计量出版社,2003.
[42]范世福.光谱技术和仪器的新发展.光学仪器.2000,22(4),35-40.
[43]蔡红星,肖亚飞,邵桢,赵猛,陈新邑.CCD光纤光谱仪结构研究Photoelectricity and Inspection Technology.2007,8,30-32.
[44]张志伟.微小型光纤光谱仪.生命科学仪器.2006,8(4),51-54.
[45]张波,温志渝.微型光纤光谱仪的研制及性能测试.半导体光电.2007,1(28),147-150.
[46]徐中民,禹秉熙.对PC2000-PC/104型光谱仪的波长定标.光学精密工程.2004,12(1),11-14.
[47]张铁强,郑咏梅.CCD光谱谱线标定方法研究.光学技术.2002,28(3),257-258.
[48]徐之海,李奇.现代成像系统.国防工业出版社.2001.
[49]伍骁迪,黄用韬,马兴坤.CCD测光谱波长的数据处理的实验研究和程序编制.实验技术与管理.2007,24(4),48-51.
[50]Y. Zong, S. W. Brown, B. C. Johnson, K. R. Lykke, Y. Ohno. A Simple Stray-light Correction Method for Array Spectroradiometers. Applied Optics. to be published.
[51]Yuqin Zong, Steven W. Brown, B. Carol Johnson, Keith R. Lykke, and Yoshi Ohno. Simple spectral stray light correction method for array spectroradiometers. Applied Optics.2006,45(6),1111-1119.
[2]王尔镇,王春锋.固体光源和灯具的技术进展.中国照明电器.2001(11),25-26.
[3]周太明,宋贤杰,周伟.LED-21世纪照明新光源.照明工程学报.2001(4),12.
[4]朱小清,詹云翔.光度测量技术及仪器.中国计量出版社.1992.
[5]武毅.绿色光源LED.光与照明.2005,30(2),48.
[6]Arpad Bergh, George Craford, Anil Duggal, and RolandHaitz. The Promise and Challenge of Solid-State Lighting. Physics Today.2001,54(12),42-47.
[7]李有桢,王金城,王晶.白光LED光源测量及色度评价之研究.照明工程学报.2007,
[8]李有桢.白光LED光源光度色度特性测量与评价.山东：中国海洋大学.2007(27).
[9]CIE 127-2007. Measurement of LEDs.2007.
[10]任豪,王巧彬,李康业,罗宇强,范力维.LED光源光强空间分布特性的快速测试.光学仪器.2008,6(30),6-9.
[11]郁道银,谈恒英.工程光学.机械工业出版社.2005.
[12]吴继宗,叶关荣.光辐射测量.北京：机械出版社.1992.
[13]姚启钧.光学教程.高等教育出版社.2008.
[14]荆其诚,色度学.北京：科学出版社,1979.
[15]徐海松.颜色信息工程.浙江大学出版社.2005.
[16]何国兴.颜色科学.东华大学出版社.2004.
[17]朱绍龙.光源显色性评价方法.复旦大学电光源研究所.光源与照明.2005,4,10-12.
[18]熊利民,霍超.光源颜色特性的测量及计算方法.计量技术.2005(4).
[19]潘健根.LED光色电综合性能分析测试原理与仪器.液晶与显示.2003,18(2),138-140.
[20]吉群.提高LED亮度的技术途径.光电技术.2005,46(3),15-19.
[21]吕亮.LED光度测量的难点及其分析.中国照明.2005(3).
[22]朴大植,吕亮,姜晓梅,赵志丹,于靖.发光二极管(LED)国家光度标准的研究.现代计量测试.2002(1),18-21.
[23]鲍超.超高亮度LED测量问题.液晶与显示.2003,18(4),244-250.
[24]李炳乾,步良基,甘雄文,范广涵.LED正向压降随温度的变化关系研究,光子学报.2003,32(11),1349-1352.
[25]金尚忠,方晓,陈志明.发光二极管光强的测量.中国计量学院学报.1995,1(9),61-66.
[26]Michael Shaw. Goniospectroradiometric chracterisation of light sources. 2008 CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry".7-8 July 2008, Turin, Italy.
[27]Maria E. Nadal and Gael Obein. Nist Five-Axis Goniospectrometer for Surface Color Measurements.2008 CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry".7-8 July 2008,
[28]徐芙姗.LED发光强度空间分布特性测试方法及系统的研究.浙江大学.2006.
[29]IESNA Testing Procedures Committee. Goniophotometer Types and Photometric Coordinates. LM-75-01.
[30]Tongsheng Mou. A Novel Goniophotometer with Pursuit Mirror.7-8 July 2008 CIE Expert Symposium on "Advances in Photometry and Colorimetry".2008, Turin, Italy.
[31]Akos Borbely, Janos Schanda. Color Matching Using LEDs as Primaries, Color Research and Application.2004,29(5),360-364.
[32]Schanda J, Muray K, Kranice B. LED Colorimetry. SPIE 2002(4421).781-784. 3(18),66-68.
[33]ASTM E 1455-03. Standard Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristinulus Colorimeters.2003.
[34]CIE Technical Report. COLORIMETRY. CIE Pub. NO.15.
[35]Y. Ohno and J. Hardis. Four-Color Matrix Method for Correction of Tristimulus Col orimeters.Proc., IS&T/SID Fifth Color Imaging Conference.301-305,1997.
[36]George Eppeldauer. Spectral Response Based Calibration Method of Tristimulus Colorimeters. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.1998,103(6),615-619.
[37]李在清.颜色测量基础.北京：技术标准出版社,1980.
[38]Yoshi Ohno. CIE Fundamentals for Color Measurements. IS&T's NIP16: International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies. The West in Bayshore Hotel Vancouver, B.C., Canada,2000.
[39]George P.Eppeldauer. A Reference Tristimulus Colorimeter. The 9th Congress of the International Color Association. Rochester, New York, USA,2001.
[40]Kathleen Muray. Color measurement of LEDs (diode emitters) with tristimulus colorimeter. Photodetectors and Power Meters II. SanDiego, CA, USA,1995.
[41]张广军.光电测试技术.中国计量出版社,2003.
[42]范世福.光谱技术和仪器的新发展.光学仪器.2000,22(4),35-40.
[43]蔡红星,肖亚飞,邵桢,赵猛,陈新邑.CCD光纤光谱仪结构研究Photoelectricity and Inspection Technology.2007,8,30-32.
[44]张志伟.微小型光纤光谱仪.生命科学仪器.2006,8(4),51-54.
[45]张波,温志渝.微型光纤光谱仪的研制及性能测试.半导体光电.2007,1(28),147-150.
[46]徐中民,禹秉熙.对PC2000-PC/104型光谱仪的波长定标.光学精密工程.2004,12(1),11-14.
[47]张铁强,郑咏梅.CCD光谱谱线标定方法研究.光学技术.2002,28(3),257-258.
[48]徐之海,李奇.现代成像系统.国防工业出版社.2001.
[49]伍骁迪,黄用韬,马兴坤.CCD测光谱波长的数据处理的实验研究和程序编制.实验技术与管理.2007,24(4),48-51.
[50]Y. Zong, S. W. Brown, B. C. Johnson, K. R. Lykke, Y. Ohno. A Simple Stray-light Correction Method for Array Spectroradiometers. Applied Optics. to be published.
[51]Yuqin Zong, Steven W. Brown, B. Carol Johnson, Keith R. Lykke, and Yoshi Ohno. Simple spectral stray light correction method for array spectroradiometers. Applied Optics.2006,45(6),1111-1119.