计算机辅助色彩设计理论和方法研究
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摘要
从艺术学中发展出来的色彩学，经历了艺术色彩、手工艺色彩、色彩工程学，最后形成了计算机辅助色彩设计这一新兴学科。长期以来，由于工业制造业领域对色彩设计的忽视，相对于工业设计体系中形态设计、人机设计等研究方向，色彩设计的研究人员、科技文献、研究成果的数量非常有限，制约了色彩设计的应用。
因此，论文以国家863项目“面向产品创新的计算机辅助概念设计技术的研究”为依托，面向制造业对计算机辅助色彩设计的理论和方法进行了系统地探索性研究，结合色彩工程学和计算机技术，在色彩选取、色彩调和及色彩情感的计算机辅助设计等方面进行了大量研究并取得有益的成果，有助于推动工业、航空宇航制造业色彩设计的推广应用。
1．计算机辅助色彩设计基础
分析了从色彩学到计算机辅助色彩设计的发展历程，论述了计算机辅助色彩设计的特征及内涵。针对计算机辅助色彩设计的研究现状，总结归纳了计算机辅助色彩设计的关键技术问题，包括色彩量化、色彩调和、色彩情感属性、配色美度及色彩设计软件等。
2．单色色彩选取的研究
从色彩属性、视觉感知、色彩相似性三个方面研究色彩选取的问题。利用色彩体系中各种色彩模型的特点，以数值方式构建了基于色彩属性的色彩选取模式。根据色彩固有特性，以及人对色彩的视觉感知特点，构建了面向人类生理、心理层面的视觉感知色彩选取模式。为了满足用户在标准色库中寻找最相似色彩的需要，对色彩相似性度量的方法进行了研究，创建了不同模式、不同精度的色彩相似性判断方法。
3．色彩方案中色彩调和的研究
提出了色彩调和与色彩属性在三个层次上的关系，建立了单属性、双属性、三属性(色彩空间)的色彩调和方法，从色相、明度、色调、色立体等角度对色彩调和进行综合设计。单属性色彩调和是指色相调和、明度调和、纯度调和；双属性色彩调和是指结合明度与纯度双重特点的色调调和设计；三属性色彩调和是指利用均匀色彩空间的特性，在Lab均匀色彩空间中运用调和框架设计了具有调和关系的色彩方案。
4．基于风格的色彩情感表现研究
以色彩情感作为设计的驱动因素，对色彩情感语言进行分类，建立程度参考系数集，获得风格化的色彩语言。依据色彩语言坐标的原理及方法，创建了色彩方案的三维语义空间，在色彩情感与色彩属性之间建立映射关系，得到符合色彩情感的色彩方案。运用模糊数学中聚类分析的方法，对与色彩情感命题相关的色彩方案进行美度分析，优化色彩设计方案。
5．计算机辅助色彩设计软件系统
基于论文在色彩选取、色彩调和及色彩情感等方面的研究，面向制造业生产需求，提出了一套较全面的产品色彩设计软件系统解决策略。讨论了基于CAXA平台的色彩设计集成解决方案，开发了计算机辅助色彩设计系统CACDS。软件系统由色彩选取、色彩调和、色彩方案、辅助库四个模块组成。
After a long developing history of artistic color, handicraft color and engineeringcolor, Color Science now has evolved into the age of CACD (Computer Aided ColorDesign). Because of long time neglect of products' color design in Industrial Designfield, the relevant researchers, scientific and technical references and research resultsof CACD are very limited compared with other Industrial Design directions ofComputer Aided Form Design and Computer Aided Ergonomic Design.
To resolve this problem, with the support of national 863 projects "Research ofcomputer-aided conceptual design on products innovation", this dissertation carriedon exploratory research to the theory, method and software of CACD.
1. Research foundation of CACD
After analyzing the development history of color sciences to CACD, the featureand meaning of CACD were discussed. Aiming at the current research status, keytechniques in CACD, such as color quantization, color harmony, color emotion, coloraesthetic measure and color design software were summarized.
2. Research on single color selection
Color selection was researched from color attributes, color vision perceiving andcolor similarity. Using the characteristics of color models, color selection mode based oncolor attribute was proposed in numerical value. Basing on the features of human'svision perceiving, color selection mode facing physiology and psychology was built.To facilitate the users finding the most similar color in standard color database, themeasurement of color similarity was studied and the methods of judging colorsimilarity in different color models and precision were constructed.
3. Research on color harmony
The relationship between color harmony and color attributes was studied and themethods of color harmony in single attribute, double attributes and triple attributeswere built. Color harmony can be gotten through hue, brightness, chroma, tone andcolor solid. Single attribute color harmony includes hue harmony, brightness harmonyand chroma harmony. Double attributes harmony was realized by color tone designthrough synthesizing brightness with chroma. Three attributes harmony was carriedout by color harmony design in even color space with harmony framework.
4. Research on color emotion
Driven by color emotion, color emotional language was studied and classified,color emotion indices was set up, and the stylized color language was founded.According to the principle and method of the color language coordinate, thethree-dimensional semantic space of color scheme was established. Through themapping between color emotion and color attribute, the color scheme with designemotion was obtained. Using cluster's analysis method in fuzzy mathematics, theaesthetic value of color scheme was analyzed and optimized.
5. CACD System based on CAXA
Basing on the above researches, a strategic solution of products' color designsoftware was proposed. Basing on the cooperation with CAXA, computer-aided colordesign system (CACDS) composed of four parts (color selection, color harmony,color scheme and color assistant database) was developed.
因此，论文以国家863项目“面向产品创新的计算机辅助概念设计技术的研究”为依托，面向制造业对计算机辅助色彩设计的理论和方法进行了系统地探索性研究，结合色彩工程学和计算机技术，在色彩选取、色彩调和及色彩情感的计算机辅助设计等方面进行了大量研究并取得有益的成果，有助于推动工业、航空宇航制造业色彩设计的推广应用。
1．计算机辅助色彩设计基础
分析了从色彩学到计算机辅助色彩设计的发展历程，论述了计算机辅助色彩设计的特征及内涵。针对计算机辅助色彩设计的研究现状，总结归纳了计算机辅助色彩设计的关键技术问题，包括色彩量化、色彩调和、色彩情感属性、配色美度及色彩设计软件等。
2．单色色彩选取的研究
从色彩属性、视觉感知、色彩相似性三个方面研究色彩选取的问题。利用色彩体系中各种色彩模型的特点，以数值方式构建了基于色彩属性的色彩选取模式。根据色彩固有特性，以及人对色彩的视觉感知特点，构建了面向人类生理、心理层面的视觉感知色彩选取模式。为了满足用户在标准色库中寻找最相似色彩的需要，对色彩相似性度量的方法进行了研究，创建了不同模式、不同精度的色彩相似性判断方法。
3．色彩方案中色彩调和的研究
提出了色彩调和与色彩属性在三个层次上的关系，建立了单属性、双属性、三属性(色彩空间)的色彩调和方法，从色相、明度、色调、色立体等角度对色彩调和进行综合设计。单属性色彩调和是指色相调和、明度调和、纯度调和；双属性色彩调和是指结合明度与纯度双重特点的色调调和设计；三属性色彩调和是指利用均匀色彩空间的特性，在Lab均匀色彩空间中运用调和框架设计了具有调和关系的色彩方案。
4．基于风格的色彩情感表现研究
以色彩情感作为设计的驱动因素，对色彩情感语言进行分类，建立程度参考系数集，获得风格化的色彩语言。依据色彩语言坐标的原理及方法，创建了色彩方案的三维语义空间，在色彩情感与色彩属性之间建立映射关系，得到符合色彩情感的色彩方案。运用模糊数学中聚类分析的方法，对与色彩情感命题相关的色彩方案进行美度分析，优化色彩设计方案。
5．计算机辅助色彩设计软件系统
基于论文在色彩选取、色彩调和及色彩情感等方面的研究，面向制造业生产需求，提出了一套较全面的产品色彩设计软件系统解决策略。讨论了基于CAXA平台的色彩设计集成解决方案，开发了计算机辅助色彩设计系统CACDS。软件系统由色彩选取、色彩调和、色彩方案、辅助库四个模块组成。
After a long developing history of artistic color, handicraft color and engineeringcolor, Color Science now has evolved into the age of CACD (Computer Aided ColorDesign). Because of long time neglect of products' color design in Industrial Designfield, the relevant researchers, scientific and technical references and research resultsof CACD are very limited compared with other Industrial Design directions ofComputer Aided Form Design and Computer Aided Ergonomic Design.
To resolve this problem, with the support of national 863 projects "Research ofcomputer-aided conceptual design on products innovation", this dissertation carriedon exploratory research to the theory, method and software of CACD.
1. Research foundation of CACD
After analyzing the development history of color sciences to CACD, the featureand meaning of CACD were discussed. Aiming at the current research status, keytechniques in CACD, such as color quantization, color harmony, color emotion, coloraesthetic measure and color design software were summarized.
2. Research on single color selection
Color selection was researched from color attributes, color vision perceiving andcolor similarity. Using the characteristics of color models, color selection mode based oncolor attribute was proposed in numerical value. Basing on the features of human'svision perceiving, color selection mode facing physiology and psychology was built.To facilitate the users finding the most similar color in standard color database, themeasurement of color similarity was studied and the methods of judging colorsimilarity in different color models and precision were constructed.
3. Research on color harmony
The relationship between color harmony and color attributes was studied and themethods of color harmony in single attribute, double attributes and triple attributeswere built. Color harmony can be gotten through hue, brightness, chroma, tone andcolor solid. Single attribute color harmony includes hue harmony, brightness harmonyand chroma harmony. Double attributes harmony was realized by color tone designthrough synthesizing brightness with chroma. Three attributes harmony was carriedout by color harmony design in even color space with harmony framework.
4. Research on color emotion
Driven by color emotion, color emotional language was studied and classified,color emotion indices was set up, and the stylized color language was founded.According to the principle and method of the color language coordinate, thethree-dimensional semantic space of color scheme was established. Through themapping between color emotion and color attribute, the color scheme with designemotion was obtained. Using cluster's analysis method in fuzzy mathematics, theaesthetic value of color scheme was analyzed and optimized.
5. CACD System based on CAXA
Basing on the above researches, a strategic solution of products' color designsoftware was proposed. Basing on the cooperation with CAXA, computer-aided colordesign system (CACDS) composed of four parts (color selection, color harmony,color scheme and color assistant database) was developed.
引文
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