地图减色版印刷技术研究
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摘要
色彩是地图的重要表现形式之一,地图印刷出版对颜色有很高的要求,不仅要求有丰富的颜色,而且要求每个颜色准确、符合标准。目前,采用六种专色印刷的地图非常具有代表性,专题地图中,也存在大量使用专色印刷的现象,这些用色方案的设计是在传统地图生产工艺条件下制作的,印刷使用大量专色会造成分版数量多,印刷成本高。而目前,地图印刷已经实现了全数字化生产,特别是四色印刷机的配备,将改变地图生产的作业状态,特别是困扰地图印刷的套印精度问题已经从根本上得到解决。因此,本文回顾了地图专色印刷形成的历史背景及其局现性,分析了在数字出版技术条件下,以四色印刷取代四色以上印刷从而减少印刷版数的必要性和可行性,从技术层面设计了多种印刷设色方案,并进行了实验验证,总结出了新的地图印刷用色模式。本文的主要内容如下:
1.回顾了地图专色印刷形成的历史背景和局限性,概述了颜色混合理论,颜色的表示方法,各种常用表色系等与色彩相关的基本理论。对地图资料进行收集和分类,根据色彩学基本理论,对各种地图的用色进行了分析,总结出地图用色的特点和规律,丰富了地图用色理论。
2.阐述了在数字出版技术条件下,以四色印刷取代四色以上印刷从而减少印刷版数的必要性及可行性,提出四色印刷观点,设计并制定了一套以减少印刷色版数为目的的四色印刷方案,旨在充分发挥现有四色印刷设备的技术潜力,在保证地图印刷质量的前提下,达到生产的高效性。通过四色印刷实验,验证了四色印刷的必要性和可行性。
3.制作四色印刷色标,并以色标的颜色数据为基础创建四色印刷颜色库,分图种为制图设计人员提供不同的设色方案以便使用,同时对颜色数据进行合理的组织,既方便使用又易于管理,并在此基础上,对地图设计和印刷用色提出了指导性的理论和技术。
4.提出了再版地图新的用色方案,该方案在保证颜色复制效果的前提下,能有效提升印刷效率,同时改进了以往再版地图的技术方法。
通过以上的实验和研究,充分证明了四色印刷的必要性、可行性和紧迫性;在保证地图印刷效果的前提下,总结出四色印刷的用色方案:建立四色印刷颜色库,对今后地图设计和印刷用色提出指导性的理论和技术。
The color is one of the important formats of map, the map printing requests high quality of colors. Map publication not only requests to have abundant color, also requests each color accurate, and be up to standard. Now, the kind of map which is printed with Black, Brown, Cyan, Green, Red, Purple is the representative map among the printing maps. Thematic maps also use a lot of spot colors. These color plans were made in the condition of traditional technology of map reproduction. The maps printed with a lot of spot colors will cause excessive printing plates and high cost of printing. And today, the map printing has already carried out total digital production, especially the usage of four colors printing machines, change the map produce of task appearance. So this paper reviewed the forming historical background and limitation of map spot color printing, analyzed the inevitability and feasibility of printing maps with four colors rather than more than four colors so as to reduce the map printing plates in the digital publishing technology conditions, designed several printing color-setting projects and approved it with experiment, then concluded the new color using mode of map printing. The main content of the paper is as following:
1. The paper reviewed the forming historical background and limitation of map spot color printing and summarized color mixture theory、the expression method of colors、common color system and the basic theories about color. I collected and sorted the maps. And on the basis of the basic theories about color, I analyzed the colors of the maps and summarized the characteristic and the principle of the maps' colors. This enriched the theories of maps' colors.
2. The paper elaborated the inevitability and feasibility of printing maps with four colors rather than more than four colors so as to reduce the map printing plates, in the digital publishing technology conditions. The paper also put forward four colors sprinting standpoint and drew up a set of four colors plans of maps to reduce the map printing plates, aim at well exerting existing printing equipments of the technique potential and ensuring that the map printing has the high quality printing products efficiently. Then I did experiments to approve the inevitability and feasibility of printing maps with four colors.
3. I made the color standard of four colors printing and build color database of four colors printing, basing the color data of the color standard. The color database can provide different color plans of different kinds of maps to the people who are cartographic designer, so as to use conveniently. And the color database organized the color data logically to use and manage data conveniently. Basing this, I put forward directive theory and technology to the cartographic design and printing colors.
4. The paper drew up a new color plan of republishing maps. The plan can ensure that the map printing has the high quality printing products efficiently and improved the technical methods of republishing maps.
The research and experiments above sufficiently proved the inevitability, feasibility and urgency of four colors printing. The paper drew up color plans of four colors printing with the precondition of ensuring high map printing quality and build color database of four colors printing so as to give directive theory and technology to the cartographic design and printing colors.
1.回顾了地图专色印刷形成的历史背景和局限性,概述了颜色混合理论,颜色的表示方法,各种常用表色系等与色彩相关的基本理论。对地图资料进行收集和分类,根据色彩学基本理论,对各种地图的用色进行了分析,总结出地图用色的特点和规律,丰富了地图用色理论。
2.阐述了在数字出版技术条件下,以四色印刷取代四色以上印刷从而减少印刷版数的必要性及可行性,提出四色印刷观点,设计并制定了一套以减少印刷色版数为目的的四色印刷方案,旨在充分发挥现有四色印刷设备的技术潜力,在保证地图印刷质量的前提下,达到生产的高效性。通过四色印刷实验,验证了四色印刷的必要性和可行性。
3.制作四色印刷色标,并以色标的颜色数据为基础创建四色印刷颜色库,分图种为制图设计人员提供不同的设色方案以便使用,同时对颜色数据进行合理的组织,既方便使用又易于管理,并在此基础上,对地图设计和印刷用色提出了指导性的理论和技术。
4.提出了再版地图新的用色方案,该方案在保证颜色复制效果的前提下,能有效提升印刷效率,同时改进了以往再版地图的技术方法。
通过以上的实验和研究,充分证明了四色印刷的必要性、可行性和紧迫性;在保证地图印刷效果的前提下,总结出四色印刷的用色方案:建立四色印刷颜色库,对今后地图设计和印刷用色提出指导性的理论和技术。
The color is one of the important formats of map, the map printing requests high quality of colors. Map publication not only requests to have abundant color, also requests each color accurate, and be up to standard. Now, the kind of map which is printed with Black, Brown, Cyan, Green, Red, Purple is the representative map among the printing maps. Thematic maps also use a lot of spot colors. These color plans were made in the condition of traditional technology of map reproduction. The maps printed with a lot of spot colors will cause excessive printing plates and high cost of printing. And today, the map printing has already carried out total digital production, especially the usage of four colors printing machines, change the map produce of task appearance. So this paper reviewed the forming historical background and limitation of map spot color printing, analyzed the inevitability and feasibility of printing maps with four colors rather than more than four colors so as to reduce the map printing plates in the digital publishing technology conditions, designed several printing color-setting projects and approved it with experiment, then concluded the new color using mode of map printing. The main content of the paper is as following:
1. The paper reviewed the forming historical background and limitation of map spot color printing and summarized color mixture theory、the expression method of colors、common color system and the basic theories about color. I collected and sorted the maps. And on the basis of the basic theories about color, I analyzed the colors of the maps and summarized the characteristic and the principle of the maps' colors. This enriched the theories of maps' colors.
2. The paper elaborated the inevitability and feasibility of printing maps with four colors rather than more than four colors so as to reduce the map printing plates, in the digital publishing technology conditions. The paper also put forward four colors sprinting standpoint and drew up a set of four colors plans of maps to reduce the map printing plates, aim at well exerting existing printing equipments of the technique potential and ensuring that the map printing has the high quality printing products efficiently. Then I did experiments to approve the inevitability and feasibility of printing maps with four colors.
3. I made the color standard of four colors printing and build color database of four colors printing, basing the color data of the color standard. The color database can provide different color plans of different kinds of maps to the people who are cartographic designer, so as to use conveniently. And the color database organized the color data logically to use and manage data conveniently. Basing this, I put forward directive theory and technology to the cartographic design and printing colors.
4. The paper drew up a new color plan of republishing maps. The plan can ensure that the map printing has the high quality printing products efficiently and improved the technical methods of republishing maps.
The research and experiments above sufficiently proved the inevitability, feasibility and urgency of four colors printing. The paper drew up color plans of four colors printing with the precondition of ensuring high map printing quality and build color database of four colors printing so as to give directive theory and technology to the cartographic design and printing colors.
引文
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[5]周顺芬.数字化色标的析色与提色初探[J].广西艺术学院学报,2007.
[6]王强涛.多色印刷质量控制[J].印刷技术,2005.
[7]张桂兰.浅谈色彩管理系统[J].印刷技术,2005.
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[11]乔泉,现代色彩管理系统浅析[J].数码印刷,2005.
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[16]万敏,色彩管理之我见[J].印刷质量与标准化,2004.
[17]徐世垣.ICC工作流程不是标准只是通信方法[J].印刷质量与标准化,2007.
[18]周丽燕.地图色彩的重要性及其应用[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2006.
[19]王涛,王涛老师谈地图色彩[J].地图知识,2003.
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[24]杨兴旺.地图色彩的美学设计研究[J].地理信息空间,2007.
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