中、日与西方园林造景艺术的比较及应用实例的分析
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摘要
本文以中、日及西方园林造景艺术为研究对象,对中、日及西方不同的造景艺术的起源和发展过程的诸多研究成果进行了收集及详尽地阐述;并通过对中、日与西方园林造景手法的运用得不同,以及这三种造园艺术在地理起源、文化背景上的差异进行系统的比较研究后,总结了这三种风格的造园艺术各自的优势,及他们特点之间的差别。最终总结出这三类园林造景艺术手法发展规律的相似性。通过对以上的对比、研究与总结,可以对世界园林艺术的特点做出如下总结:即西方园林艺术提出“完整、和谐、鲜明”三要素,追求严谨的理性。欧洲人自古以来的思维习惯就倾向于探究事物的内在规律性,喜欢用明确的方式提出问题和解决问题,形成清晰的认识。这种思维习惯表现在审美上就是对称、均衡和秩序,而对称、均衡和秩序是可以用简单的数和几何关系来确定的。中西文化的交流、融合,寻求文化上的融和是势不可挡的。中西园林文化的重建、发展,应是园林背后的文化意识、观念的重建。首先应基于各自合理的一面,然后针对不足相互汲取对方有价值的一面。具体的说,就中国文化而言,重视社会、道德的合理性,扬弃个体的软弱性,汲取西方文化重视个体独创性、科学性的合理内核,摒弃个体的封闭、隔绝性。对中国、日本及西方的园林发展脉络进行归纳和梳理,用唯物主义历史观的发掘园林造景的根源所在,深入把握不同文明的园林艺术创造角度和特色,对充实园林造景理论和推动中国园林事业良性发展具有积极地意义。将以上研究对比的结论运用于实践工作当中,以实现其积极的指导意义,通过对山西省会太原市的迎泽公园的整体性及功能性与造景艺术的结合这两方面的造园艺术进行了综合分析,并将中外造园艺术手法运用于公园景观提升,迎泽公园在近些年的改造当中得到了明显的成效,尤其是在迎泽公园北门改造以及晋商会馆的建设这两个项目建设中显得尤为突出。迎泽公园北门改造及晋商会馆的建设充分地凸显了中外园林造园艺术的集大成思想,彰显了中国园林目前在建设创新型园林中,将各方造园艺术手法与时代精神相契合,与现实需要相吻合,与社会变革相结合,与经济发展相融合,不断推进新型城市园林、特色文化名城和现代宜居城市建设。纵观中外园林造景艺术手法的发展及特色,他们犹如一汪涌流不止的艺术泉眼,为今后的园林事业的发展提供着源源不断的理论依据和创新提纲。只要风景园林工作者能够不断地从中汲取其精髓,相信我们的身边会有越来越多的精品园林,使城市重新融入自然之中,为城市居民真正提供健康、美观、可持续发展的宜居环境。
In this paper,Chinese, Japanese and Western art of landscape gardening are the research object .China,Japan and Western Landscape of different origin and development of the art of the many research results were collected and described in detail; and through in Chinese,Japanese and Western landscape gardening use of various techniques, as well as garden art in the three geographic origin, cultural background differences on the comparative study of the system, summed up the three garden-style art of their own advantages, and the difference between their characteristics. Eventually the article concluded that three types of landscape gardening art of the similarity of the law of development practices. By contrast to the above, research and summarize, you can make a world of garden art features the following conclusion: that of Western garden art that "a complete, harmonious, clear the" three elements, the pursuit of strict rationality. Since ancient times, Europeans tend to explore the habit of thinking of things inherent regularity, like the way with clear questions and solve problems, form a clear understanding. This habit of thinking is reflected in the aesthetic symmetry, balance and order, symmetry, balance and order is a simple geometric relationship between the number and determined. Cultural communication, integration, search for cultural integration is overwhelming. Chinese and Western cultural landscape reconstruction, development, and should be the garden behind the cultural awareness, the concept of reconstruction. First, based on their rational side, and then each other from each other for less than face value. Specifically, for Chinese culture, the importance of social and moral rationality, discard the weakness of the individual, drawing attention to the individual in Western culture, originality, scientific rational core, discard the individual closed isolation. China, Japan and the West Garden to summarize the development of context and in order, with the materialist conception of history to explore the source of the Landscape, in-depth grasp of the different point of view of civilization to create garden art and features, to enrich the theory and promote the China Garden Landscaping Positive Development of Landscape Architecture has positive significance. Contrast to the above conclusions of the work of these into practice to achieve its positive significance, through Yingze Park in Taiyuan of Shanxi Province will be the integrity of the park and functional art combined with the landscaping of garden art in these two areas were a comprehensive analysis, and techniques used in gardening and foreign landscape to enhance the park, Yingze Park in recent years has been the transformation of these remarkable results, especially in‘Yingze Park North Gate’and‘Merchants Hall of Jin’,the construction of the two project construction is particularly prominent. Yingze Park North Gate and Merchants Hall of Jin renovation and construction of fully highlights the foreign master of landscape gardening ideas, highlighting the Chinese garden is currently in the construction of an innovative garden, gardening techniques will be parties to the spirit of the times fit, consistent with the actual needs, and social change combined with the integration of economic development, and constantly promote the new urban landscape, features and modern cultural city livable city. Throughout the art of landscape gardening and foreign development practices and characteristics of Remarks of flow more than they like a spring of art for the future of the garden to provide a steady stream of business development and innovation outline the theoretical basis. As long as landscape workers can continue to draw its essence, I believe our side there will be more and more fine garden, among the urban re-integrate into the natural, true for urban residents to provide health, beauty, sustainable development should living environment.
In this paper,Chinese, Japanese and Western art of landscape gardening are the research object .China,Japan and Western Landscape of different origin and development of the art of the many research results were collected and described in detail; and through in Chinese,Japanese and Western landscape gardening use of various techniques, as well as garden art in the three geographic origin, cultural background differences on the comparative study of the system, summed up the three garden-style art of their own advantages, and the difference between their characteristics. Eventually the article concluded that three types of landscape gardening art of the similarity of the law of development practices. By contrast to the above, research and summarize, you can make a world of garden art features the following conclusion: that of Western garden art that "a complete, harmonious, clear the" three elements, the pursuit of strict rationality. Since ancient times, Europeans tend to explore the habit of thinking of things inherent regularity, like the way with clear questions and solve problems, form a clear understanding. This habit of thinking is reflected in the aesthetic symmetry, balance and order, symmetry, balance and order is a simple geometric relationship between the number and determined. Cultural communication, integration, search for cultural integration is overwhelming. Chinese and Western cultural landscape reconstruction, development, and should be the garden behind the cultural awareness, the concept of reconstruction. First, based on their rational side, and then each other from each other for less than face value. Specifically, for Chinese culture, the importance of social and moral rationality, discard the weakness of the individual, drawing attention to the individual in Western culture, originality, scientific rational core, discard the individual closed isolation. China, Japan and the West Garden to summarize the development of context and in order, with the materialist conception of history to explore the source of the Landscape, in-depth grasp of the different point of view of civilization to create garden art and features, to enrich the theory and promote the China Garden Landscaping Positive Development of Landscape Architecture has positive significance. Contrast to the above conclusions of the work of these into practice to achieve its positive significance, through Yingze Park in Taiyuan of Shanxi Province will be the integrity of the park and functional art combined with the landscaping of garden art in these two areas were a comprehensive analysis, and techniques used in gardening and foreign landscape to enhance the park, Yingze Park in recent years has been the transformation of these remarkable results, especially in‘Yingze Park North Gate’and‘Merchants Hall of Jin’,the construction of the two project construction is particularly prominent. Yingze Park North Gate and Merchants Hall of Jin renovation and construction of fully highlights the foreign master of landscape gardening ideas, highlighting the Chinese garden is currently in the construction of an innovative garden, gardening techniques will be parties to the spirit of the times fit, consistent with the actual needs, and social change combined with the integration of economic development, and constantly promote the new urban landscape, features and modern cultural city livable city. Throughout the art of landscape gardening and foreign development practices and characteristics of Remarks of flow more than they like a spring of art for the future of the garden to provide a steady stream of business development and innovation outline the theoretical basis. As long as landscape workers can continue to draw its essence, I believe our side there will be more and more fine garden, among the urban re-integrate into the natural, true for urban residents to provide health, beauty, sustainable development should living environment.
引文
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贺德高,高巧玲. 2007.浅谈中国现代园林艺术[J].南方农业:园林花卉版,57:8
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李志红. 2006.王维辋川别业的园林意境[J].郑州大学学报哲学,1:112
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刘磊,章俊华. 2007.对日本现代园林设计风格的思考[J].中国园林.4:69-74
罗枫,王晓俊.2005.西方现代园林中的现代主义渊源[J]山西建筑.2:202-203
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彭巧,傅德亮. 2005.传统文化对中国古典园林的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,1: 104
寿东,杨钟浩.2003.中西方园林之比较[J]浙江建筑,1:8-11
汪洋,徐萱春. 2003.中国山水园林的自然观[J].浙江林学院学报,4:408-412
王福兴. 2004.试论中国古典园林意境的表现手法[J]中国园林,6:43-44
王根强.2005.欧洲古典园林的发展及其对现代景观设计的影响[J].园林.9:34-35
王健.2002.东西方园林建筑的差异[J]安徽建筑,4:16
王向荣,林箐. 2 002.西方现代景观设计的理论与实践[ M] .北京:中国建筑工业出版社:2 3 - 4 6 .
王勇. 2000.师法自然创造意境——试论中国园林艺术的创作方法[J]电器工厂设计,4:1-15
吴宇江. 1994.日本园林探究[J].中国园林.3:60-61
徐洁,龚华.2006.美、日、德景观设计比较[J]房地产导刊,23:64-66
许崇杰. 2004.中国古典园林史教学浅见[J].上海城市管理职业技术学院学报, S1:16
杨固宁. 2008.浅谈中国古典园林与现代西方园林的融合[J].山西建筑,5:350-351
杨固宁. 2008.浅谈中国古典园林与现代西方园林的融合[J]山西建筑,5:350-351
杨宏烈. 2009.道家思想推动下魏晋南北朝园林的历史跨越[J]中国园林.4:86-89
杨鸣. 2002浅谈日本传统庭园的源与流[J].古建园林技术.4:47-51
姚雪艳.2000.从借鉴异质到超越自我谈日本园林与中国园林的比较和发展[J]园林, 1:8-9
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