开关磁阻电机性能的场—路—运动耦合分析
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摘要
开关磁阻电机由于结构简单、系统可靠性高、对运行环境适用能力强等特点,在很多领域有着广泛的应用,也成为国家863电动汽车项目汽车驱动系统的备选电机之一。本文针对开关磁阻电机研究中的热点和难点问题进行了深入的研究和探讨。
开关磁阻电机稳态及动态运行性能的分析研究。开关磁阻电机虽然结构简单,但由于双凸极的结构特点及控制电路的开关性,电磁关系十分复杂,是一种具有局部高饱和、相间耦合较强的复杂非线性系统,采用常规方法难以准确分析其性能。本文首先针对电机三维磁场分析中的难点问题——三维磁链的计算,提出了结合网格重构思想的计算三维磁链的方法,计算了反映端部磁场随转子位置角及相电流变化的开关磁阻电机绕组端部电感曲线族。
建立了电机磁场方程与主控制电路方程直接耦合的二维场—路—运动耦合有限元模型,分析了不同转速、不同控制方式下电机的稳态运行性能,模拟了电机某一绕组断路的故障运行状态。将端部电感引入二维有限元模型,分析了不同结构及绕组连接方式的开关磁阻电机端部磁场效应的影响。
结合磁场分析,本文提出了根据磁场分布划分铁心区域计算电机铁心损耗的方法,计算并测量了不同转速下电机稳态运行时的铁心损耗。对于电磁系统和机械系统耦合的电机动态性能分析问题,本文建立了电磁方程与机械方程间接耦合的时步有限元模型,分析了开关磁阻电机的起动特性。
电磁力有限元分析方法的研究与应用。深入研究了三种电磁力的计算方法,即麦克斯韦应力法、虚位移法和节点力法,通过理论推导和数值计算给出了二维电磁力有限元分析中麦克斯韦应力法积分路径的选取方法,利用节点力法能够进行局部力分析的特点,通过数值计算分析了开关磁阻电机转子转动过程中定子磁极与转子磁极之间作用力的变化,同时,对节点力法做了进一步的简化,减小了刚性物体全局力分析的计算量。
控制参数对开关磁阻电机振动影响的研究。开关磁阻电机的振动和噪声问题较为突出,对引起振动的两大主要因素——转矩脉动和径向磁拉力的定量分析和研究将为开关磁阻电机振动抑制的研究提供理论基础和研究平台。本文通过数值计算定量分析了开关磁阻电机运行在同一稳态工作点的不同开通、关断角下的转
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been used in many fields in view of its applicability in hard operating environments, high reliability and simple structure. Therefore, SRM has been a choice of driving motor for electric automobile in 863 project of our country. The hot and difficult problems in SRM field have been researched in this thesis.SRM steady-state and dynamic-state performance analysis. The electromagnetic field of SRM is very complicated due to its peculiar double salient configuration and switched controlling circuit although its structure is simple. The SRM is such a kind of complex nonlinear system with local high saturation level, not ignorable couple between phases and flexible control that it is difficult to analyze its performance accurately using conventional method. Firstly, for the computation of 3D flux linkage which is a difficult problem in 3D magnetic field analysis of motors, a computing method combined with mesh reconstruction has been proposed based on 3D FEM analysis. The magnetic field of the end-part of SRM varied with rotor position and phases currents have been analyzed, and the inductance curves of the end part of the windings are obtained.A 2D filed-circuit-motion coupled model that magnetic field FEM equations and controlling circuit equations are coupled directly has been presented to calculate the steady-state performance of SRM under different rotating speed and different controlling mode. And the fault operating state that one of the stator windings breaks from the circuit has been simulated using this model. Introducing the inductances of the winding end parts into the 2D FEM model, the effects of end-part magnetic field for SRM with different configuration and different winding connecting type have been investigated in this thesis.A method of predicting iron core losses in SRM has been presented based on electromagnetic field analysis, in which the iron core losses is estimated by series of components and corresponding frequencies of flux densities in different parts of its iron core. The iron core losses of the SRM operating at different rotating speed are estimated and measured. Concerning the dynamic-state performance analysis involving coupled problem between electromagnetic and mechanical system, the time-stepping FEM model is established to predict the starting characteristics of the SRM.Research and application of force calculating methods. Maxwell stress tensor method, virtual work method and nodal force method have been researched and discussed, and the method to choose a proper integrating path in 2D Maxwell stress method is proposed upon theoretical and numerical demonstration. Furthermore, the variation of the force acting among stator and rotor poles of SRM with rotor rotation has been analyzed using the nodal force method, and the nodal force method has been simplified to decrease computation cost with the same accuracy.Influence of controlling parameters on vibration of SRM. The vibration and noise
problem of the SRM is more serious than other motors, which is caused by two main factors, the torque ripple and the radial force acting on stator poles. Therefore, analyzing these two factors quantitatively is significant to decrease the vibration of SRM. The torque ripple and the radial force of SRM on the same steady-state operating point but different switch-on and switch-off angles have been computed numerically in this thesis, and the corresponding vibration waveforms and spectrums for different controlling angles have been tested respectively. Based on these researches, the influence of switch-on and switch-off angle on SRM vibration has been investigated through the analysis of torque ripple and radial force.
开关磁阻电机稳态及动态运行性能的分析研究。开关磁阻电机虽然结构简单,但由于双凸极的结构特点及控制电路的开关性,电磁关系十分复杂,是一种具有局部高饱和、相间耦合较强的复杂非线性系统,采用常规方法难以准确分析其性能。本文首先针对电机三维磁场分析中的难点问题——三维磁链的计算,提出了结合网格重构思想的计算三维磁链的方法,计算了反映端部磁场随转子位置角及相电流变化的开关磁阻电机绕组端部电感曲线族。
建立了电机磁场方程与主控制电路方程直接耦合的二维场—路—运动耦合有限元模型,分析了不同转速、不同控制方式下电机的稳态运行性能,模拟了电机某一绕组断路的故障运行状态。将端部电感引入二维有限元模型,分析了不同结构及绕组连接方式的开关磁阻电机端部磁场效应的影响。
结合磁场分析,本文提出了根据磁场分布划分铁心区域计算电机铁心损耗的方法,计算并测量了不同转速下电机稳态运行时的铁心损耗。对于电磁系统和机械系统耦合的电机动态性能分析问题,本文建立了电磁方程与机械方程间接耦合的时步有限元模型,分析了开关磁阻电机的起动特性。
电磁力有限元分析方法的研究与应用。深入研究了三种电磁力的计算方法,即麦克斯韦应力法、虚位移法和节点力法,通过理论推导和数值计算给出了二维电磁力有限元分析中麦克斯韦应力法积分路径的选取方法,利用节点力法能够进行局部力分析的特点,通过数值计算分析了开关磁阻电机转子转动过程中定子磁极与转子磁极之间作用力的变化,同时,对节点力法做了进一步的简化,减小了刚性物体全局力分析的计算量。
控制参数对开关磁阻电机振动影响的研究。开关磁阻电机的振动和噪声问题较为突出,对引起振动的两大主要因素——转矩脉动和径向磁拉力的定量分析和研究将为开关磁阻电机振动抑制的研究提供理论基础和研究平台。本文通过数值计算定量分析了开关磁阻电机运行在同一稳态工作点的不同开通、关断角下的转
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been used in many fields in view of its applicability in hard operating environments, high reliability and simple structure. Therefore, SRM has been a choice of driving motor for electric automobile in 863 project of our country. The hot and difficult problems in SRM field have been researched in this thesis.SRM steady-state and dynamic-state performance analysis. The electromagnetic field of SRM is very complicated due to its peculiar double salient configuration and switched controlling circuit although its structure is simple. The SRM is such a kind of complex nonlinear system with local high saturation level, not ignorable couple between phases and flexible control that it is difficult to analyze its performance accurately using conventional method. Firstly, for the computation of 3D flux linkage which is a difficult problem in 3D magnetic field analysis of motors, a computing method combined with mesh reconstruction has been proposed based on 3D FEM analysis. The magnetic field of the end-part of SRM varied with rotor position and phases currents have been analyzed, and the inductance curves of the end part of the windings are obtained.A 2D filed-circuit-motion coupled model that magnetic field FEM equations and controlling circuit equations are coupled directly has been presented to calculate the steady-state performance of SRM under different rotating speed and different controlling mode. And the fault operating state that one of the stator windings breaks from the circuit has been simulated using this model. Introducing the inductances of the winding end parts into the 2D FEM model, the effects of end-part magnetic field for SRM with different configuration and different winding connecting type have been investigated in this thesis.A method of predicting iron core losses in SRM has been presented based on electromagnetic field analysis, in which the iron core losses is estimated by series of components and corresponding frequencies of flux densities in different parts of its iron core. The iron core losses of the SRM operating at different rotating speed are estimated and measured. Concerning the dynamic-state performance analysis involving coupled problem between electromagnetic and mechanical system, the time-stepping FEM model is established to predict the starting characteristics of the SRM.Research and application of force calculating methods. Maxwell stress tensor method, virtual work method and nodal force method have been researched and discussed, and the method to choose a proper integrating path in 2D Maxwell stress method is proposed upon theoretical and numerical demonstration. Furthermore, the variation of the force acting among stator and rotor poles of SRM with rotor rotation has been analyzed using the nodal force method, and the nodal force method has been simplified to decrease computation cost with the same accuracy.Influence of controlling parameters on vibration of SRM. The vibration and noise
problem of the SRM is more serious than other motors, which is caused by two main factors, the torque ripple and the radial force acting on stator poles. Therefore, analyzing these two factors quantitatively is significant to decrease the vibration of SRM. The torque ripple and the radial force of SRM on the same steady-state operating point but different switch-on and switch-off angles have been computed numerically in this thesis, and the corresponding vibration waveforms and spectrums for different controlling angles have been tested respectively. Based on these researches, the influence of switch-on and switch-off angle on SRM vibration has been investigated through the analysis of torque ripple and radial force.
引文
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