无线异构IP网络的移动性管理研究
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摘要
未来的无线通信网络是基于全IP的异构网络,需要支持更高密度、更高移动性的用户,并支持采用不同接入网与核心网的用户进行网间漫游,这将会对业务的服务质量产生影响并产生大量的系统资源消耗。移动性管理(Mobility Management, MM)是指保证移动目标(用户或终端)在网络覆盖范围内移动过程中,网络能持续提供通信服务能力,即指用户的通信和对业务的访问可以不受移动目标位置变化的影响,不受接入技术变化的影响,也即独立于网络接入点的变化,是未来泛在、异构网络中最具有挑战性的关键技术之一。研究合理、高效、优化的移动性管理策略,是实现“永远在线”和“5W”通信的前提之一。对移动性管理的研究必将推动其他相关信息技术的发展,也必将带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
本论文重点研究无线异构IP网络中移动性管理相关关键技术,主要包括：链路层移动性管理的位置管理研究,基于终端的网络层移动性管理研究,基于网络的网络层移动性管理研究,以及基于策略管理的异构网络移动性管理研究。
在链路层位置管理方面,推导出存在位置更新失败概率时的被呼失败率,给出了位置更新存在失败概率下相邻呼叫状态(成功或失败)的相互关系,并分析了主要网络参数对被呼失败率的影响,为优化存在位置更新失败下的呼叫性能提供了理论依据。在考虑位置更新存在失败概率条件下,提出一种新的位置更新机制。
接下来,本论文主要针对网络层的移动性管理技术进行研究。分级移动IPv6协议(Hierarchical mobile IPv6, HMIPv6)是一种基于终端的区域性网络层移动性管理协议,是MIPv6协议的扩展和优化。通过将划分区域来降低移动节点(mobile node, MN)发生区域内移动时的信令开销,但当MN发生域间移动时,HMIPv6仍然存在绑定更新开销大、切换延时长、丢包率高的缺点。针对HMIPv6存在绑定更新开销大的问题,本文提出一种便于实现的基于指针推进的HMIPv6绑定更新和寻呼策略。通过合理控制指针长度,可以减小空闲移动节点域问移动时的信令开销,改善网络整体性能。
代理MIPv6是一种复杂度低、便于管理的基于网络的区域性网络层移动性管理协议。代理MIPv6通过划分区域,由新的功能实体代替移动节点来负责MN发生域内移动的绑定更新,向家乡代理和通信对端提供透明的移动性管理,并降低绑定更新开销。然而,由于代理MIPv6以隧道方式将流入域内的数据路由给MN的服务接入路由器,增加了域内的数据转发开销。本文分析MN使用代理MIPv6和MIPv6时的绑定更新开销和数据转发开销,并通过对两种移动方案的总开销比较,给出用于判决代理MIPv6方案是否适宜采用的判决函数,提出一种自适应移动性管理方案,以降低系统开销。
然后,本论文提出了一种基于策略的移动性管理架构,可以根据用户、网络、业务等信息,通过移动性策略描述在不同协议、业务、移动性方案等多种条件下移动性管理实体应该具备的行为,选择不同条件下的管理流程,使管理实体具备一定的灵活性；当出现新的需求和技术,或原有业务升级等,能够通过更新策略使移动性管理系统具备一定的扩展性。
本文最后总结全文,并提出未来的展望。
Future wireless communication network is an all-IP based heterogeneous networks, need to serve more high-density, high-mobility users and support roaming between different access networks and core networks, which will produce an effect on service quality and plenty of systemic resource depletion. Mobility management (MM) means the ability to provide constant service during the mobile node (MN) move within the whole network coverage, that is to say, communication and service access is independent from the position of MN and the access technology. That is the most challengeable critical technology for future ubiquitous and heterogeneous networks. Research on finding a reasonable, effective and optimized mobility management scheme is one prerequisite of always-on-line and 5W telecommunication, which will also promotes other related information technologies and brings great economic and social benefits.
This thesis focuses on the some key technologies related to mobility management of wireless heterogeneous IP networks, mainly including: location management of link layer mobility management, host-based network layer mobility management, network-based network layer mobility management and the policy-based mobility management architecture of heterogeneous networks.
In terms of link layer mobility management, this thesis deduces the relation between failure and success call status under location update failure rate and analyzes the effect on call failure rate from main network parameters, which provide the basic theory for optimizing call performance under location update failure. A new location update scheme is introduced, in which the location update failure rate is considered.
Then the thesis focuses on the MM technology of network layer in heterogeneous network. Hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol is a regional mobility management protocol for MN, which is also an expansion and optimization for MIPv6 through dividing region to reduce signaling cost produced by MN moving within a region. But when MN migrates from one region to another, HMIPv6 can not reduce the binding update cost, the switching delay, the packet lost rate and so on. To reduce the high cost of binding update, the paper proposes a new HMIPv6 binding update and paging policy based on pointer forwarding, which can effectively improve network performance through controlling the length of pointer to reduce signaling cost when idle MN is moving between different regions.
Proxy MIPv6 is a low-complicated, easy-run regional mobility management method of the network layer. In proxy MIPv6, a new functional entity instead of MN is in charge of update binding information. The functional entity will provide transparent MM to home agent and correspondent node, and lower the cost at the same time. However, proxy MIPv6 relays data flow to MN service access router through tunnel, packet forwarding cost is increased. Comparing the expenses between above two IPv6 schemes, the thesis gives a decision function on how to choose the proper one, named self-adaptive MM scheme, so as to minimize the system cost.
After that, a policy-based mobility management architecture is proposed, which can not only describe behavior a mobility management entity should have under different protocols, services, mobility schemes according to subscribers, networks and so on, but also choose management process under different conditions. That will make management entity more flexible so as to deal with system extension when there is new demand of technology or upgrading on mobility management system.
Finally, summarize the discussion and future step on this field.
本论文重点研究无线异构IP网络中移动性管理相关关键技术,主要包括：链路层移动性管理的位置管理研究,基于终端的网络层移动性管理研究,基于网络的网络层移动性管理研究,以及基于策略管理的异构网络移动性管理研究。
在链路层位置管理方面,推导出存在位置更新失败概率时的被呼失败率,给出了位置更新存在失败概率下相邻呼叫状态(成功或失败)的相互关系,并分析了主要网络参数对被呼失败率的影响,为优化存在位置更新失败下的呼叫性能提供了理论依据。在考虑位置更新存在失败概率条件下,提出一种新的位置更新机制。
接下来,本论文主要针对网络层的移动性管理技术进行研究。分级移动IPv6协议(Hierarchical mobile IPv6, HMIPv6)是一种基于终端的区域性网络层移动性管理协议,是MIPv6协议的扩展和优化。通过将划分区域来降低移动节点(mobile node, MN)发生区域内移动时的信令开销,但当MN发生域间移动时,HMIPv6仍然存在绑定更新开销大、切换延时长、丢包率高的缺点。针对HMIPv6存在绑定更新开销大的问题,本文提出一种便于实现的基于指针推进的HMIPv6绑定更新和寻呼策略。通过合理控制指针长度,可以减小空闲移动节点域问移动时的信令开销,改善网络整体性能。
代理MIPv6是一种复杂度低、便于管理的基于网络的区域性网络层移动性管理协议。代理MIPv6通过划分区域,由新的功能实体代替移动节点来负责MN发生域内移动的绑定更新,向家乡代理和通信对端提供透明的移动性管理,并降低绑定更新开销。然而,由于代理MIPv6以隧道方式将流入域内的数据路由给MN的服务接入路由器,增加了域内的数据转发开销。本文分析MN使用代理MIPv6和MIPv6时的绑定更新开销和数据转发开销,并通过对两种移动方案的总开销比较,给出用于判决代理MIPv6方案是否适宜采用的判决函数,提出一种自适应移动性管理方案,以降低系统开销。
然后,本论文提出了一种基于策略的移动性管理架构,可以根据用户、网络、业务等信息,通过移动性策略描述在不同协议、业务、移动性方案等多种条件下移动性管理实体应该具备的行为,选择不同条件下的管理流程,使管理实体具备一定的灵活性；当出现新的需求和技术,或原有业务升级等,能够通过更新策略使移动性管理系统具备一定的扩展性。
本文最后总结全文,并提出未来的展望。
Future wireless communication network is an all-IP based heterogeneous networks, need to serve more high-density, high-mobility users and support roaming between different access networks and core networks, which will produce an effect on service quality and plenty of systemic resource depletion. Mobility management (MM) means the ability to provide constant service during the mobile node (MN) move within the whole network coverage, that is to say, communication and service access is independent from the position of MN and the access technology. That is the most challengeable critical technology for future ubiquitous and heterogeneous networks. Research on finding a reasonable, effective and optimized mobility management scheme is one prerequisite of always-on-line and 5W telecommunication, which will also promotes other related information technologies and brings great economic and social benefits.
This thesis focuses on the some key technologies related to mobility management of wireless heterogeneous IP networks, mainly including: location management of link layer mobility management, host-based network layer mobility management, network-based network layer mobility management and the policy-based mobility management architecture of heterogeneous networks.
In terms of link layer mobility management, this thesis deduces the relation between failure and success call status under location update failure rate and analyzes the effect on call failure rate from main network parameters, which provide the basic theory for optimizing call performance under location update failure. A new location update scheme is introduced, in which the location update failure rate is considered.
Then the thesis focuses on the MM technology of network layer in heterogeneous network. Hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol is a regional mobility management protocol for MN, which is also an expansion and optimization for MIPv6 through dividing region to reduce signaling cost produced by MN moving within a region. But when MN migrates from one region to another, HMIPv6 can not reduce the binding update cost, the switching delay, the packet lost rate and so on. To reduce the high cost of binding update, the paper proposes a new HMIPv6 binding update and paging policy based on pointer forwarding, which can effectively improve network performance through controlling the length of pointer to reduce signaling cost when idle MN is moving between different regions.
Proxy MIPv6 is a low-complicated, easy-run regional mobility management method of the network layer. In proxy MIPv6, a new functional entity instead of MN is in charge of update binding information. The functional entity will provide transparent MM to home agent and correspondent node, and lower the cost at the same time. However, proxy MIPv6 relays data flow to MN service access router through tunnel, packet forwarding cost is increased. Comparing the expenses between above two IPv6 schemes, the thesis gives a decision function on how to choose the proper one, named self-adaptive MM scheme, so as to minimize the system cost.
After that, a policy-based mobility management architecture is proposed, which can not only describe behavior a mobility management entity should have under different protocols, services, mobility schemes according to subscribers, networks and so on, but also choose management process under different conditions. That will make management entity more flexible so as to deal with system extension when there is new demand of technology or upgrading on mobility management system.
Finally, summarize the discussion and future step on this field.
引文
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