夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗特性研究
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摘要
建筑节能是我国节能减排工作的重要组成部分,“十一五”期间建筑节能对节能减排的贡献率约为20%。我国大型公共建筑具有能耗总量大、能源效率低、节能潜力大的特点,是建筑节能领域的重点工作,做好大型公共建筑节能监管,对实现我国节能减排目标具有重大意义。
针对夏热冬暖地区办公建筑的特点,提出“夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗信息系统”的概念,为识别夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗的主要影响因素和进一步分析夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗提供了统一基础。
对夏热冬暖地区62栋建筑样本进行了描述性分析,指出空调系统形式对办公建筑能耗密度影响明显,大型公共建筑能耗密度高于中小型办公建筑,采用集中式空调系统的建筑能耗高于采用分体式空调的建筑。建筑服务水平显著影响照明、插座及动力能耗,照明系统节能的潜力较大且容易实现。从室内的空气品质和舒适度方面,分体空调系统室内温湿度达标率最低。采用集中空调的建筑普遍存在设计负荷过大的现象。
将数量化分析理论引入办公建筑能耗分析中建立夏热冬暖办公建筑能耗影响因素分析模型,指出夏热冬暖地区集中空调系统和非集中空调系统办公建筑空调能耗的影响因素。将多元统计分析中主成分分析法引入对已有节能措施的分析中,分别对采用集中式空调系统和分体式空调系统的两类建筑节能措施进行降维并重新组合,指出集中式空调系统和非集中式空调系统办公建筑主要节能措施。
对政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑不同主体进行问卷调查分析,指出政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能监管体系建设效果不明显和经济激励政策不适应政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能需求的原因。表明节能服务市场中不同主体不同程度的参与了建筑节能工作,为市场化推进政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能提供了基础。同时,指出公共建筑建设与运行脱节,宣传与培训不足等问题。
采用情景分析方法对我国政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑能耗水平进行预测和分析,指出2015年我国政府办公建筑单位建筑面积能耗相对于2009年下降19.3%,大型公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗下降18.9%;2020年,政府办公建筑单位建筑面积能耗相对于2009年下降25.6%,大型公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗下降24.8%。并依据目标管理理论提出政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能监管的建议。
Building energy efficiency is an important part of the work of energy efficiency and emission reduction in China, which accounted for 20% of the total energy saving in the 11th five-year plan. The large-scale public buildings have the characteristics of huge total energy consumption, low energy efficiency and huge energy saving potential, which should be the key work of building energy field.
According to the characteristics of large-scale public buildings in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone, this article put forward the concept of“Building energy efficient information system of the office buildings in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone”which provides a unity base for recognizing the main influence factors.
On the basis of 62 building samples in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone, the descriptive analysis method used, it is pointed that the form of air conditioning system affects building energy efficient obviously. The building energy consumption of large-scale office buildings is more than the other office building. The service level of building influences the lighting system energy consumption, socket-equipment energy consumption and power equipment energy consumption obviously. The potential of energy saving of lighting system is larger and easy to carry out relatively. The indoor environment with the fission style air conditioning system is poor.
Quantification theory was introduced into the energy analysis of office buildings, established the influence factors analysis model of energy consumption of office building in hot summer and warm winter zone, and pointed out the influence factors of air-conditioning energy consumption of office building in central air conditioning system and non-central air conditioning system. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the existing energy-conserving measures of the energy-conserving measures of the two types of office buildings with central air conditioning system and fission air conditioning by the dimensionality reduction. It points out that the main energy saving measures in office building between central air conditioning system and non-central air conditioning system.
With questionnaire survey and analysis of different subjects of the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings, the reason of the effect of the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings energy-saving supervision system is not obvious and the economic incentive policy does not adapt to energy-saving demand of the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings has been pointed. Different subjects of energy-saving service market have participated in the building energy efficiency in different degrees, which provided the foundation of promoting the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings energy efficiency through marketization. The problem of disjunction between public buildings construction and operation and lack of publicizing and training is pointed out.
The energy consumption level of the government office buildings and large public buildings were forecasted and analyzed by scenario analysis. Because of the different characteristics between the new buildings and the exist ones, scene target is formulated. Comparing with that of 2009, the energy consumption of the government office buildings will decrease 19.3% per unit area while the data of the large-scale public buildings will decrease 18.9% by the year of 2015, and by the year of 2020, the energy consumption of the government office buildings will decrease 25.6% per unit area while the data of the large-scale public buildings will decrease 24.8%. Based on objective management, energy-saving policy for the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings is suggested.
针对夏热冬暖地区办公建筑的特点,提出“夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗信息系统”的概念,为识别夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗的主要影响因素和进一步分析夏热冬暖地区办公建筑能耗提供了统一基础。
对夏热冬暖地区62栋建筑样本进行了描述性分析,指出空调系统形式对办公建筑能耗密度影响明显,大型公共建筑能耗密度高于中小型办公建筑,采用集中式空调系统的建筑能耗高于采用分体式空调的建筑。建筑服务水平显著影响照明、插座及动力能耗,照明系统节能的潜力较大且容易实现。从室内的空气品质和舒适度方面,分体空调系统室内温湿度达标率最低。采用集中空调的建筑普遍存在设计负荷过大的现象。
将数量化分析理论引入办公建筑能耗分析中建立夏热冬暖办公建筑能耗影响因素分析模型,指出夏热冬暖地区集中空调系统和非集中空调系统办公建筑空调能耗的影响因素。将多元统计分析中主成分分析法引入对已有节能措施的分析中,分别对采用集中式空调系统和分体式空调系统的两类建筑节能措施进行降维并重新组合,指出集中式空调系统和非集中式空调系统办公建筑主要节能措施。
对政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑不同主体进行问卷调查分析,指出政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能监管体系建设效果不明显和经济激励政策不适应政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能需求的原因。表明节能服务市场中不同主体不同程度的参与了建筑节能工作,为市场化推进政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能提供了基础。同时,指出公共建筑建设与运行脱节,宣传与培训不足等问题。
采用情景分析方法对我国政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑能耗水平进行预测和分析,指出2015年我国政府办公建筑单位建筑面积能耗相对于2009年下降19.3%,大型公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗下降18.9%;2020年,政府办公建筑单位建筑面积能耗相对于2009年下降25.6%,大型公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗下降24.8%。并依据目标管理理论提出政府办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能监管的建议。
Building energy efficiency is an important part of the work of energy efficiency and emission reduction in China, which accounted for 20% of the total energy saving in the 11th five-year plan. The large-scale public buildings have the characteristics of huge total energy consumption, low energy efficiency and huge energy saving potential, which should be the key work of building energy field.
According to the characteristics of large-scale public buildings in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone, this article put forward the concept of“Building energy efficient information system of the office buildings in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone”which provides a unity base for recognizing the main influence factors.
On the basis of 62 building samples in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone, the descriptive analysis method used, it is pointed that the form of air conditioning system affects building energy efficient obviously. The building energy consumption of large-scale office buildings is more than the other office building. The service level of building influences the lighting system energy consumption, socket-equipment energy consumption and power equipment energy consumption obviously. The potential of energy saving of lighting system is larger and easy to carry out relatively. The indoor environment with the fission style air conditioning system is poor.
Quantification theory was introduced into the energy analysis of office buildings, established the influence factors analysis model of energy consumption of office building in hot summer and warm winter zone, and pointed out the influence factors of air-conditioning energy consumption of office building in central air conditioning system and non-central air conditioning system. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the existing energy-conserving measures of the energy-conserving measures of the two types of office buildings with central air conditioning system and fission air conditioning by the dimensionality reduction. It points out that the main energy saving measures in office building between central air conditioning system and non-central air conditioning system.
With questionnaire survey and analysis of different subjects of the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings, the reason of the effect of the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings energy-saving supervision system is not obvious and the economic incentive policy does not adapt to energy-saving demand of the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings has been pointed. Different subjects of energy-saving service market have participated in the building energy efficiency in different degrees, which provided the foundation of promoting the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings energy efficiency through marketization. The problem of disjunction between public buildings construction and operation and lack of publicizing and training is pointed out.
The energy consumption level of the government office buildings and large public buildings were forecasted and analyzed by scenario analysis. Because of the different characteristics between the new buildings and the exist ones, scene target is formulated. Comparing with that of 2009, the energy consumption of the government office buildings will decrease 19.3% per unit area while the data of the large-scale public buildings will decrease 18.9% by the year of 2015, and by the year of 2020, the energy consumption of the government office buildings will decrease 25.6% per unit area while the data of the large-scale public buildings will decrease 24.8%. Based on objective management, energy-saving policy for the government office buildings and the large-scale public buildings is suggested.
引文
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