地源热泵机组的动态仿真
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摘要
利用地能资源的地源热泵被称之为21世纪最有效的供热制冷高效绿色环保技术,以地球表面浅层地热资源作为冷热源,利用清洁的、近乎无限可再生的能源,是一种既可供热又可制冷的高效节能空调系统。地源热泵空调系统利用大地作为冷热源,通过中间介质在埋设于地下的封闭环路中循环流动,与大地进行热量交换,进而由热泵实现对建筑物的空调。国内对地源热泵的研究尚处于初级阶段,地源热泵空调系统的性能预测、系统的优化设计等方面的研究还很不完善,也缺乏相应的规范,这在很大程度上制约了地源热泵的应用。因此,本文就土壤源热泵系统展开动态仿真研究。
典型的土壤源热泵是通过埋地热交换器从土壤吸热或向土壤放热。夏季空调时,室内的余热经过热泵转移,并通过地埋换热器释放到土壤中,同时为冬季蓄存热量;冬季供暖时,通过地埋换热器从土壤中取热,经过热泵将热量供给用户,同时,在土壤中蓄存冷量,以备夏季空调用。此类热泵主要包括三套系统:地下埋管换热器、热泵系统及用户末端。
本文以作为地源热泵主要研究方向的土壤源热泵为研究对象,采用机理建模方法对热泵机组的压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器以及地埋管和空调末端分别建立了仿真数学模型,利用能量守恒、质量守恒定律,将其有机地集合起来,构成整个热泵机组的仿真数学模型,在对热泵机组仿真数学模型研究的基础上,耦合房间负荷及地下换热器的动态数学模型,并利用仿真软件Matlab/Simulink建立整个土壤源热泵系统的仿真模型,进行夏季运行工况的动态运行仿真,来分析了影响土壤源热泵机组运行性能的诸多因素以及预测热泵的运行特性,为系统优化设计、运行提供理论基础。
The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is a highly energy-efficient and environment-protecting system using the renewable energy, which is considered as one of the most promising air-conditioning systems and has a broad application prospect. Ground-source heat pump air-conditioning systems use middle medium planted on the ground in the closed loop in circulation, and the earth to heat exchange, thereby achieving the heat pump to the air-conditioned buildings. Domestic on the study of Ground-source heat pump is still in the initial stage, and the research of ground-source heat pump systems on performance prediction, the optimal design and other aspects is still very imperfect, but also lack of corresponding norms, which largely restricted to Ground- source heat pump applications.
Typical ground-source heat pump is absorbing from the soil or releasing heat to the soil. In the summer, indoor residual heat is transferred by heat pump ,and through underground heat exchangers release to the soil and the heat is stored for the winter; in the winter, heat pump absorb heat from the soil by underground heat exchanger, then supply heat to users, while the cold is stored to the soil, preparing for summer air-conditioning use. Such heat pump system including three parts: underground heat exchangers, heat pump systems and end users.
This paper is a study on ground-coupled heat pump, which is the most major research direction of ground-source heat pump; we establish a physical & mathematical dynamic simulation model respectively in accordance with the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, underground heat exchangers and end users of the GCHP system. These models are then intrinsically assembled into a complete simulated mathematical model of the ground source heat pump set by using the laws of energy conservation and quality conservation as well, as is on the base of a simulated mathematical model of the heat pump coupled with room load and underground heat exchanger. Establish the dynamics simulation of the ground source heat pump system by Matlab/simylink to imitate the dynamic operation principle of the system in the summer, an analysis has been made of the very factors affecting the operation performance of the ground source heat pump set and the forecast of the operation of the heat pump. The conclusion provides theoretical basis to optimize the system design and operation.
典型的土壤源热泵是通过埋地热交换器从土壤吸热或向土壤放热。夏季空调时,室内的余热经过热泵转移,并通过地埋换热器释放到土壤中,同时为冬季蓄存热量;冬季供暖时,通过地埋换热器从土壤中取热,经过热泵将热量供给用户,同时,在土壤中蓄存冷量,以备夏季空调用。此类热泵主要包括三套系统:地下埋管换热器、热泵系统及用户末端。
本文以作为地源热泵主要研究方向的土壤源热泵为研究对象,采用机理建模方法对热泵机组的压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器以及地埋管和空调末端分别建立了仿真数学模型,利用能量守恒、质量守恒定律,将其有机地集合起来,构成整个热泵机组的仿真数学模型,在对热泵机组仿真数学模型研究的基础上,耦合房间负荷及地下换热器的动态数学模型,并利用仿真软件Matlab/Simulink建立整个土壤源热泵系统的仿真模型,进行夏季运行工况的动态运行仿真,来分析了影响土壤源热泵机组运行性能的诸多因素以及预测热泵的运行特性,为系统优化设计、运行提供理论基础。
The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system is a highly energy-efficient and environment-protecting system using the renewable energy, which is considered as one of the most promising air-conditioning systems and has a broad application prospect. Ground-source heat pump air-conditioning systems use middle medium planted on the ground in the closed loop in circulation, and the earth to heat exchange, thereby achieving the heat pump to the air-conditioned buildings. Domestic on the study of Ground-source heat pump is still in the initial stage, and the research of ground-source heat pump systems on performance prediction, the optimal design and other aspects is still very imperfect, but also lack of corresponding norms, which largely restricted to Ground- source heat pump applications.
Typical ground-source heat pump is absorbing from the soil or releasing heat to the soil. In the summer, indoor residual heat is transferred by heat pump ,and through underground heat exchangers release to the soil and the heat is stored for the winter; in the winter, heat pump absorb heat from the soil by underground heat exchanger, then supply heat to users, while the cold is stored to the soil, preparing for summer air-conditioning use. Such heat pump system including three parts: underground heat exchangers, heat pump systems and end users.
This paper is a study on ground-coupled heat pump, which is the most major research direction of ground-source heat pump; we establish a physical & mathematical dynamic simulation model respectively in accordance with the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, underground heat exchangers and end users of the GCHP system. These models are then intrinsically assembled into a complete simulated mathematical model of the ground source heat pump set by using the laws of energy conservation and quality conservation as well, as is on the base of a simulated mathematical model of the heat pump coupled with room load and underground heat exchanger. Establish the dynamics simulation of the ground source heat pump system by Matlab/simylink to imitate the dynamic operation principle of the system in the summer, an analysis has been made of the very factors affecting the operation performance of the ground source heat pump set and the forecast of the operation of the heat pump. The conclusion provides theoretical basis to optimize the system design and operation.
引文
[1]何晓润.试论绿色建筑[J].株洲师范高等专科学校学报, 2002, 7: 82-85
[2]朱家玲.地热资源及其利用[J].西部资源, 2007, 2: 27-28
[3]殷平.地源热泵在中国[J].现代空调,2001, 3: 20-22
[4]袁伟峰,赵军,朱强.供暖用土壤源热泵系统[J].节能, 2002, 1: 21-23
[5]李新国,赵军.地源热泵系统及经济性分析.全国热泵和空调技术交流会文集, 2001, 10
[6]杨卫波,董华.土壤源热泵系统国内外研究状况及其发展前景[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2003, 3: 52-55
[7] Bose J E,and Parker J D. Ground-coupled heat pump Research[J]. ASHRAE Trans, 1983, 89(2): 75-390
[8] Rybach. Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe [J]. Geothermics, 2003, 32(4-6): 579-588
[9] H.J.Laue.Regional report Europe:“heat pumps-status and trends”[J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2000, 25(4): 414-420
[10] Metz,P D. A simple computer program to model three-dimension underground heat flow with realistic Boundary conditions[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 1983, Vol.105: 42-49
[11] Mei, V C. Theoretical heat pump ground coil analysis with Variable ground Far-field boundary conditions[J]. AICHE Journal, 1986, Vol. 32(7): 1211-1215
[12] Douglas Cane, Andrew Morrison, Christopher J Ireland. Operating experiences with commercial ground source heat pump[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, Part2: 677-687
[13] David R Dines. Geothermal systems for school[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 1998, 40(5): 52-54
[14]李元旦,张旭.土壤源热泵的国内外研究和应用现状及展望.制冷空调与电力机械[J], 2002, 23(1): 4-7
[15]李家伟.土壤源热泵的理论与实践研究. 1995年暖通空调年会资料集, 1995: 408-410
[16]高祖锟.用于供暖的土壤—水热泵系统[J].暖通空调, 1995(4): 9-12
[17]张昆峰,马芳梅,金六一等.土壤热源与热泵联结运行冬季工况的实验研究[J].华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(1): 23-26
[18]中美签署地热泵示范技术合作协议科技日报, 2000
[19]魏唐棣,胡鸣明,丁勇等.地源热泵冬季供暖测试及传热模型[J].暖通空调, 2000(1): 12-14
[20]于立强、张开黎,李凡.垂直埋管地源热泵系统实验研究.全国暖通制冷2000年学术年会论文集, 2000
[21]李元旦,魏先勋.水平埋地管埋地换热器夏季瞬态工况的实验及数值模拟[J].湖南大学学报(研究生专刊), 1999, 26(2): 220-225
[22]张旭.太阳能—土壤热源热泵及其相关基础理论研究[Z]: [博士研究报告].上海:同济大学, 1999
[23]刁乃仁,方洪,过增元.地源热泵空调系统的研究开发与应用[J].节能与环保, 2002(1): 22-25
[24]黄华军,丁力行,陈季芬.地源热泵空调系统制冷工质替代研究.第十二届全国暖通空调技术信息网大会文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
[25]高青,于鸣.效率高、环保效能好的供热制冷装置——地源热泵的开发与利用[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报, 2001, 31(2): 96-102
[26]魏唐棣,胡鸣明,丁勇等.地源热泵冬季供暖测试及传热模型[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(1): 12-14
[27]刘宪英,丁勇,胡鸣明.浅埋竖管换热器地热源热泵夏季供冷实验研究[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 16-19
[28]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪等.地源热泵名义工况探讨[J].西安建筑科技大学学报, 2003, 9: 221-225
[29]石文星.变制冷剂流量空调系统及其控制策略研究: [博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学建筑技术科学系, 2000, 10
[30]葛云亭.房间空调器系统仿真模型研究: [博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学热能工程系, 1997, 4
[31]邵双全,石文星,陈华俊等.制冷空调系统计算机仿真技术综述[J].制冷与空调, 2002, 6: 10-15
[32] Huelle Z. R. Matching of the evaporator and thermostatic expensivi valve characheristic, in order to achieve system operation without hunting by using a digital computer. Proc. XⅢInt. Cong. Of Refrigeration, 1971, Vol. 11: 751-758
[33] Bechkey T. J. Modelling and verification of a vapour compression Heat Pump. Ptoc.ⅡR Commissions, B1, B2, E1, E2, Purdue, Auguest5-8, 1986: 175-183
[34] Macarthur J W, Grald EW. Unsteady compressible two-phase flow model for predicting cyclic heat pump performance and a comparison with experimental data[J]. Int J Refrig , 1989, 12(1) : 29-41
[35] Chi J, Didion D. A simulation model of the transient performance of a heat pump[J]. Int J Refrig , 1982 ,5(5) : 176-184
[36] Macarthur J W.Transient heat pump behavior : a theoretical investigation[J].Int J Refrig ,1984 ,7(2) : 123-132
[37]陈芝久.制冷系统热动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1998
[38]葛云亭,彦启森.蒸发器动态数学模型的建立与理论计算[J].制冷学报,1995, 5:.17-26
[39] Vargas J V C, Parise J A R.Simulation in transient regime of a heat pump with closed-loop and on-off control[J].Int J Refrig , 1995 ,18(4) : 235-243
[40]周亚素,张旭,陈沛霖.土壤源热泵机组冬季供热性能的数值模拟与实验研究.东华大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 2: 5-10
[41]赵德印.小型制冷装置模拟研究:[硕士论文][D].南京:南京理工大学,2004, 6
[42]谭周芳,刘剑峰.空调器模拟设计中的压缩机性能拟合[J].制冷,1997,58(1): 46-50
[43]彦启森.空气调节用制冷技术(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984
[44]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿化等.空气调节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[45] Bose J. E.Design. data manual for closed-loop ground-coupled heat pump systems [M]. Atlanta: ASHRAE, 1985.
[46] Klei S A.EES-Engineering Equation Solve,F-chat solfware.Madision Wisconsin,2000
[47]丁国良,张春路.制冷空调装置仿真与优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[48] Long Fu,Guoliang Ding,Cbunlu Zhang.Dyuamic simulation of air-to-water dual-mode heat Pump with screw comprcssor[J].Aplied Thermal Enginecring,2003,23(4): 1629-1645
[49]李颖等.Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2004, 7
[50]陈桂明,张明照等.应用MATLAB建模与仿真[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[2]朱家玲.地热资源及其利用[J].西部资源, 2007, 2: 27-28
[3]殷平.地源热泵在中国[J].现代空调,2001, 3: 20-22
[4]袁伟峰,赵军,朱强.供暖用土壤源热泵系统[J].节能, 2002, 1: 21-23
[5]李新国,赵军.地源热泵系统及经济性分析.全国热泵和空调技术交流会文集, 2001, 10
[6]杨卫波,董华.土壤源热泵系统国内外研究状况及其发展前景[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2003, 3: 52-55
[7] Bose J E,and Parker J D. Ground-coupled heat pump Research[J]. ASHRAE Trans, 1983, 89(2): 75-390
[8] Rybach. Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe [J]. Geothermics, 2003, 32(4-6): 579-588
[9] H.J.Laue.Regional report Europe:“heat pumps-status and trends”[J].International Journal of Refrigeration, 2000, 25(4): 414-420
[10] Metz,P D. A simple computer program to model three-dimension underground heat flow with realistic Boundary conditions[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 1983, Vol.105: 42-49
[11] Mei, V C. Theoretical heat pump ground coil analysis with Variable ground Far-field boundary conditions[J]. AICHE Journal, 1986, Vol. 32(7): 1211-1215
[12] Douglas Cane, Andrew Morrison, Christopher J Ireland. Operating experiences with commercial ground source heat pump[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, Part2: 677-687
[13] David R Dines. Geothermal systems for school[J]. ASHRAE Journal, 1998, 40(5): 52-54
[14]李元旦,张旭.土壤源热泵的国内外研究和应用现状及展望.制冷空调与电力机械[J], 2002, 23(1): 4-7
[15]李家伟.土壤源热泵的理论与实践研究. 1995年暖通空调年会资料集, 1995: 408-410
[16]高祖锟.用于供暖的土壤—水热泵系统[J].暖通空调, 1995(4): 9-12
[17]张昆峰,马芳梅,金六一等.土壤热源与热泵联结运行冬季工况的实验研究[J].华中理工大学学报, 1996, 24(1): 23-26
[18]中美签署地热泵示范技术合作协议科技日报, 2000
[19]魏唐棣,胡鸣明,丁勇等.地源热泵冬季供暖测试及传热模型[J].暖通空调, 2000(1): 12-14
[20]于立强、张开黎,李凡.垂直埋管地源热泵系统实验研究.全国暖通制冷2000年学术年会论文集, 2000
[21]李元旦,魏先勋.水平埋地管埋地换热器夏季瞬态工况的实验及数值模拟[J].湖南大学学报(研究生专刊), 1999, 26(2): 220-225
[22]张旭.太阳能—土壤热源热泵及其相关基础理论研究[Z]: [博士研究报告].上海:同济大学, 1999
[23]刁乃仁,方洪,过增元.地源热泵空调系统的研究开发与应用[J].节能与环保, 2002(1): 22-25
[24]黄华军,丁力行,陈季芬.地源热泵空调系统制冷工质替代研究.第十二届全国暖通空调技术信息网大会文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
[25]高青,于鸣.效率高、环保效能好的供热制冷装置——地源热泵的开发与利用[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报, 2001, 31(2): 96-102
[26]魏唐棣,胡鸣明,丁勇等.地源热泵冬季供暖测试及传热模型[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(1): 12-14
[27]刘宪英,丁勇,胡鸣明.浅埋竖管换热器地热源热泵夏季供冷实验研究[J].暖通空调, 2000, 30(4): 16-19
[28]曲云霞,张林华,方肇洪等.地源热泵名义工况探讨[J].西安建筑科技大学学报, 2003, 9: 221-225
[29]石文星.变制冷剂流量空调系统及其控制策略研究: [博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学建筑技术科学系, 2000, 10
[30]葛云亭.房间空调器系统仿真模型研究: [博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学热能工程系, 1997, 4
[31]邵双全,石文星,陈华俊等.制冷空调系统计算机仿真技术综述[J].制冷与空调, 2002, 6: 10-15
[32] Huelle Z. R. Matching of the evaporator and thermostatic expensivi valve characheristic, in order to achieve system operation without hunting by using a digital computer. Proc. XⅢInt. Cong. Of Refrigeration, 1971, Vol. 11: 751-758
[33] Bechkey T. J. Modelling and verification of a vapour compression Heat Pump. Ptoc.ⅡR Commissions, B1, B2, E1, E2, Purdue, Auguest5-8, 1986: 175-183
[34] Macarthur J W, Grald EW. Unsteady compressible two-phase flow model for predicting cyclic heat pump performance and a comparison with experimental data[J]. Int J Refrig , 1989, 12(1) : 29-41
[35] Chi J, Didion D. A simulation model of the transient performance of a heat pump[J]. Int J Refrig , 1982 ,5(5) : 176-184
[36] Macarthur J W.Transient heat pump behavior : a theoretical investigation[J].Int J Refrig ,1984 ,7(2) : 123-132
[37]陈芝久.制冷系统热动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1998
[38]葛云亭,彦启森.蒸发器动态数学模型的建立与理论计算[J].制冷学报,1995, 5:.17-26
[39] Vargas J V C, Parise J A R.Simulation in transient regime of a heat pump with closed-loop and on-off control[J].Int J Refrig , 1995 ,18(4) : 235-243
[40]周亚素,张旭,陈沛霖.土壤源热泵机组冬季供热性能的数值模拟与实验研究.东华大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 2: 5-10
[41]赵德印.小型制冷装置模拟研究:[硕士论文][D].南京:南京理工大学,2004, 6
[42]谭周芳,刘剑峰.空调器模拟设计中的压缩机性能拟合[J].制冷,1997,58(1): 46-50
[43]彦启森.空气调节用制冷技术(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984
[44]赵荣义,范存养,薛殿化等.空气调节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[45] Bose J. E.Design. data manual for closed-loop ground-coupled heat pump systems [M]. Atlanta: ASHRAE, 1985.
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