聚吡咯及其复合物红外辐射及微波反射性能研究
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摘要
红外能量辐射控制在衣物保暖、建筑节能以及军事隐身等领域都有着十分重要的意义。而微波反射控制作为最先用于现代化隐身领域的技术,其在电磁屏蔽、劳动保护等方面也都有着很重要的作用。金属材料(尤其是银)虽然有着很低的红外发射率,但是它们在重量、价格以及微波电磁波段兼容方面的缺点也十分明显。作为使用范围最广阔的一种导电聚合物,聚吡咯由于其合成简便、原料价格低廉、环境稳定性好以及性质容易调节等优点而受到广泛关注,被大量的用于电极材料以及生物领域,同时掺杂后的聚吡咯具有较宽的红外反射率范围同时微波性能良好,因此可以用作红外辐射以及微波控制材料。本文以聚吡咯为主体材料,制备了不同掺杂剂和氧化剂的聚吡咯材料,聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管复合材料和聚吡咯／碳纤维复合材料,重点讨论了上述几种材料在红外辐射控制以及电磁参数方面的性能。主要研究内容如下：
1、通过使用不同表面活性剂对聚吡咯进行掺杂,改变氧化剂的种类利用原位聚合法来制备掺杂聚吡咯材料。研究了不同表面活性剂、氧化剂对聚吡咯材料的导电特性,红外发射率以及电磁参数的影响,探索了掺杂剂对红外发射率和微波特性的相互作用规律。
2、利用十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为表面活性剂还分散多壁碳纳米管,进而通过原位复合法制备不同碳纳米管含量的聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管复合材料。研究了当碳纳米管含量改变时,材料的红外发射率的变化以及微波电磁参数的变化并分析其原因,证明了可以通过将聚吡咯同多壁碳纳米管复合来制备红外和微波兼容的材料。
3、将聚毗咯同导电碳纤维进行复合,通过原位复合法在碳纤维的表面包覆一层掺杂聚毗咯,研究了复合材料的发射率以及在外界温度改变时自身红外辐射能量的变化过程,证明了将低发射率材料同碳纤维相结合是在变温时控制红外辐射的有效途径,同时也研究了复合材料的电磁特性,找到了可以在微波和红外特性相互兼容时碳纤维的含量。
It is important to control the infrared radiation energy in keeping clothes warm, building energy conservation and military camouflage; as the first method used in the field of modern stealth technology, the microwave reflection control also has an important role in the the electromagnetic shielding and labor protection and so on. Though metal (especially the silver) has lower infrared emissivity, it is limited to be used because of its large weight, high price and poor compatibility with the other electromagnetic microwave range. Polypyrrole (PPy) has been regard as the most promising conductive polymer due to its facile synthesis, lower price monomer, environment stability and tunable properties. PPy with proper degree doping possess a wide range of infrared reflectivity and excellent microwave performance can be used as infrared radiation and microwave control compatible material. In this paper, using Polypyrrole as the main material, the PPy doped with different surfactants, PPy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and PPy/carbon fiber(CF) were prepared. The infrared radiation properties and the electromagnetic parameters of these materials were mainly discussed. The main contents in this paper are showed as follows:
1. Doped with different surfactants, the PPy materials were synthesized by different oxidants in situ polymerization. The effects of different surfactants and oxidants on the conductivity, infrared emissivity and electromagnetic parameters of the PPy materials were studied, the rules were researched that the effects of the dopants on the infrared emissivity and microwave performance Interaction patterns.
2. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as surfactant to disperse MWCNTs and then the composite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization at different MWCNTs content. The rule of the composite's infrared emissivity and the microwave electromagnetic parameters changes with the MWCNTs content increasing was investigated and also their mechanism was explained.
3. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as surfactant to disperse CF and then the composite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization at different CF content. The surface of the carbon fiber is coated with a layer of doped PPy. The infrared emissivity of the composite was investigated and the change of PPy/CF itself radiates infrared energy when the ambient temperature rises was studied. It was proved that combine PPy and CF is an effective method to control infrared radiation. The electromagnetic properties of the composite were investigated. The carbon fiber content that makes the microwave and infrared features mutually compatible was determined.
1、通过使用不同表面活性剂对聚吡咯进行掺杂,改变氧化剂的种类利用原位聚合法来制备掺杂聚吡咯材料。研究了不同表面活性剂、氧化剂对聚吡咯材料的导电特性,红外发射率以及电磁参数的影响,探索了掺杂剂对红外发射率和微波特性的相互作用规律。
2、利用十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为表面活性剂还分散多壁碳纳米管,进而通过原位复合法制备不同碳纳米管含量的聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管复合材料。研究了当碳纳米管含量改变时,材料的红外发射率的变化以及微波电磁参数的变化并分析其原因,证明了可以通过将聚吡咯同多壁碳纳米管复合来制备红外和微波兼容的材料。
3、将聚毗咯同导电碳纤维进行复合,通过原位复合法在碳纤维的表面包覆一层掺杂聚毗咯,研究了复合材料的发射率以及在外界温度改变时自身红外辐射能量的变化过程,证明了将低发射率材料同碳纤维相结合是在变温时控制红外辐射的有效途径,同时也研究了复合材料的电磁特性,找到了可以在微波和红外特性相互兼容时碳纤维的含量。
It is important to control the infrared radiation energy in keeping clothes warm, building energy conservation and military camouflage; as the first method used in the field of modern stealth technology, the microwave reflection control also has an important role in the the electromagnetic shielding and labor protection and so on. Though metal (especially the silver) has lower infrared emissivity, it is limited to be used because of its large weight, high price and poor compatibility with the other electromagnetic microwave range. Polypyrrole (PPy) has been regard as the most promising conductive polymer due to its facile synthesis, lower price monomer, environment stability and tunable properties. PPy with proper degree doping possess a wide range of infrared reflectivity and excellent microwave performance can be used as infrared radiation and microwave control compatible material. In this paper, using Polypyrrole as the main material, the PPy doped with different surfactants, PPy/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and PPy/carbon fiber(CF) were prepared. The infrared radiation properties and the electromagnetic parameters of these materials were mainly discussed. The main contents in this paper are showed as follows:
1. Doped with different surfactants, the PPy materials were synthesized by different oxidants in situ polymerization. The effects of different surfactants and oxidants on the conductivity, infrared emissivity and electromagnetic parameters of the PPy materials were studied, the rules were researched that the effects of the dopants on the infrared emissivity and microwave performance Interaction patterns.
2. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as surfactant to disperse MWCNTs and then the composite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization at different MWCNTs content. The rule of the composite's infrared emissivity and the microwave electromagnetic parameters changes with the MWCNTs content increasing was investigated and also their mechanism was explained.
3. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as surfactant to disperse CF and then the composite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization at different CF content. The surface of the carbon fiber is coated with a layer of doped PPy. The infrared emissivity of the composite was investigated and the change of PPy/CF itself radiates infrared energy when the ambient temperature rises was studied. It was proved that combine PPy and CF is an effective method to control infrared radiation. The electromagnetic properties of the composite were investigated. The carbon fiber content that makes the microwave and infrared features mutually compatible was determined.
引文
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