列车移动荷载引起的路堤—地基振动与减振
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摘要
随着列车运行提速，铁路轨道、路堤和沿线地基中产生的振动也随之增大，从而产生了许多新的岩土工程问题：包括软土地基上高速列车运行时轨道地基共振引起的稳定性问题、轨道路基在列车冲击荷载作用下的破坏以及环境振动对人们的身体健康造成影响等问题。这些问题引起了铁路工程师和研究者的广泛注意。本文采用准解析的2.5维有限元方法建立轨道-路堤-地基相互作用模型，从不同的角度对高速列车运行时带来的冲击荷载作用下铁路轨道和地基的动力相互作用、铁路沿线地基的振动及减隔振和地基中的动应力分布等问题进行了比较详尽的探索和研究。具体内容如下：
(1)首先为了明确轨道结构和地基特性对列车交通荷载作用下产生的地基振动和波动传播特性的影响，通过参数化分析考察了轨道刚度、路堤高度、地基土的剪切波速及阻尼系数、列车速度及振动频率等重要参数的影响。
(2)研究比较了隔振沟、隔振连续墙和弹性地基这三种不同隔振措施的隔振效果，用三维图形可视化地表现出了在未隔振和设置了不同隔振措施情况下三维地基表面的动力响应。对隔振措施距轨道的距离、深度、宽度、厚度、阻尼系数、剪切模量等几何和物理参数均进行了分析评价。
(3)对交通移动荷载引起的地基内部土单元应力状态和应力路径进行了研究，给出了单个轮轴荷载和列车整体荷载移动过程中，土单元的受力状态变化、主应力轴旋转以及列车荷载引起的动应力分布，分析了荷载速度、地基剪切波速的影响。
本文的研究成果对交通荷载作用下的环境振动的预测评估和减隔振措施研究以及动应力分布具有一定的参考价值。
With the speed increasing of train, the vibration of rail, embankment and ground increasing accordingly. Therefore many new geotechnical problems are introduced. Including the instability of the high-speed train moving on the soft ground, the destruction of the rail bed, the influence of environmental vibrations to the health of residents along the rail road line and etc. These problems attract attention of trail engineers and researchers.
In this thesis, a coupled physical model for track-embankment-underlying ground dynamic interaction under moving load was developed by employing the 2.5 dimensional finite element numerical methods firstly. Then the interaction of track, embankment and underlying ground, the vibration and the dynamic responses of threes-dimensional ground along the rail road line were studied. The main contents are as follows.
(1) In order to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the ground response and its propagation features induced by moving trains, an extensive parametric study was conducted. The influences of several controlling parameters, including track stiffness, embankment height, shear wave velocity and damping ratio of underlying ground soil, train speed and its vibration frequency were clarified.
(2) Investigated and compared the effectiveness of three different vibration isolation measures, i.e., open trench, in-filled trench, and elastic foundation. Both the dynamic responses of threes-dimensional ground with vibration isolation measure and without were obtained. Concerning the effect of isolation in different cases, the geometric and material parameters of the three vibration isolation measures were investigated include the distance to track center, depth, width and thickness, damping radio, shear wave velocity, etc.
(3) Analyzed the characteristic of dynamic stresses and stress paths of soil element beneath railway embankment during passages of train moving loads. The influences of train speed and shear wave velocity of soil were studied.
The results in this thesis may have reference value for the prediction of train-induced environmental vibrations and for the research of dynamic response of ground Field and vibration isolation.
(1)首先为了明确轨道结构和地基特性对列车交通荷载作用下产生的地基振动和波动传播特性的影响，通过参数化分析考察了轨道刚度、路堤高度、地基土的剪切波速及阻尼系数、列车速度及振动频率等重要参数的影响。
(2)研究比较了隔振沟、隔振连续墙和弹性地基这三种不同隔振措施的隔振效果，用三维图形可视化地表现出了在未隔振和设置了不同隔振措施情况下三维地基表面的动力响应。对隔振措施距轨道的距离、深度、宽度、厚度、阻尼系数、剪切模量等几何和物理参数均进行了分析评价。
(3)对交通移动荷载引起的地基内部土单元应力状态和应力路径进行了研究，给出了单个轮轴荷载和列车整体荷载移动过程中，土单元的受力状态变化、主应力轴旋转以及列车荷载引起的动应力分布，分析了荷载速度、地基剪切波速的影响。
本文的研究成果对交通荷载作用下的环境振动的预测评估和减隔振措施研究以及动应力分布具有一定的参考价值。
With the speed increasing of train, the vibration of rail, embankment and ground increasing accordingly. Therefore many new geotechnical problems are introduced. Including the instability of the high-speed train moving on the soft ground, the destruction of the rail bed, the influence of environmental vibrations to the health of residents along the rail road line and etc. These problems attract attention of trail engineers and researchers.
In this thesis, a coupled physical model for track-embankment-underlying ground dynamic interaction under moving load was developed by employing the 2.5 dimensional finite element numerical methods firstly. Then the interaction of track, embankment and underlying ground, the vibration and the dynamic responses of threes-dimensional ground along the rail road line were studied. The main contents are as follows.
(1) In order to evaluate the effect of each parameter on the ground response and its propagation features induced by moving trains, an extensive parametric study was conducted. The influences of several controlling parameters, including track stiffness, embankment height, shear wave velocity and damping ratio of underlying ground soil, train speed and its vibration frequency were clarified.
(2) Investigated and compared the effectiveness of three different vibration isolation measures, i.e., open trench, in-filled trench, and elastic foundation. Both the dynamic responses of threes-dimensional ground with vibration isolation measure and without were obtained. Concerning the effect of isolation in different cases, the geometric and material parameters of the three vibration isolation measures were investigated include the distance to track center, depth, width and thickness, damping radio, shear wave velocity, etc.
(3) Analyzed the characteristic of dynamic stresses and stress paths of soil element beneath railway embankment during passages of train moving loads. The influences of train speed and shear wave velocity of soil were studied.
The results in this thesis may have reference value for the prediction of train-induced environmental vibrations and for the research of dynamic response of ground Field and vibration isolation.
引文
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