闽江河口湿地芦苇、短叶茳芏和互花米草三种植物枯落物分解研究
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摘要
采用分解袋法,以闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地为研究对象,研究了本地种短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)以及外来入侵种互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)枯落物分解过程中物质和能量的变化动态以及枯落物质量和潮汐水淹对湿地植物枯落物分解的影响,研究结果表明:
1.3种植物枯落物分解速率由快到慢的顺序是短叶茳芏、互花米草和芦苇,分解速率在0.003166～0.005280 d~(-1)之间,95%干物质分解需要的时间在1.56～2.61 a之间。
2.在280d的研究时段,C浓度基本稳定,损失方式主要以矿化为主;N浓度呈上升趋势,总N在研究期末表现为净损失,损失方式主要以矿化为主;P浓度呈波动变化,总P在研究期末表现为净损失,损失方式主要以淋溶为主。
3.枯落物分解过程中热值变化跟C浓度变化显著相关,枯落物初始热值可很好地预测枯落物的分解速率;总能量与剩余干物质质量以及总C含量极显著相关,总能量随干物质及总C的减少而降低,能量损失速率很好的反映了枯落物的分解速率。
4.枯落物质量是影响枯落物分解的主要因素,经常性的潮汐淹水促进了枯落物的分解,但促进作用不显著。此外,经常性的潮汐淹水显著促进了N元素的损失,也显著地促进了P元素的损失。
Litter decompositions of Cyperus malaccensis、Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora (an exotic invasive species) were studied using mesh bags method in the Shanyutan tidal marsh in the Minjiang River estuary. We explored the influences of litter composition and tide on litter decomposition. Main results are as follows:
1. The decreasing order of litter decomposition rate was Cyperus malaccensis, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. The decomposition rates ranged from 0.003166 to 0.005280 d~(-1), and the time of 95% dry mass of litter loss ranged from 1.56 to 2.61a
2. C concentrations had only a little change, and the major pathway of C release was mineralization during the 280 days. There was an upward trend in N concentrations .At the end of the experiment, N content had a net loss and the major pathwany of loss was mineralization. There was a fluctuating downward trend in P concentrations. At the end of the experiment, P content had also a net loss and leaching losses were responsible for much of P loss.
3. The relationship between Calorific Power dynamics and C concerntration dynamics was significant. The initial Calorific Power is a good indication of litter decomposition rates. The energy declined with decreases of dry mass and C content, and the release rates of energy was closely related to decomposition rates.
4. Litter quality is the main factor influencing the decomposition rates of plant litter. Frequent tidal flooding had accelerated the litter decomposition, however, the impact of tide on litter decomposition rate was not significant. Frequent tidal flooding had accelerated significantly the N release, and had also accelerated the P loss.
1.3种植物枯落物分解速率由快到慢的顺序是短叶茳芏、互花米草和芦苇,分解速率在0.003166～0.005280 d~(-1)之间,95%干物质分解需要的时间在1.56～2.61 a之间。
2.在280d的研究时段,C浓度基本稳定,损失方式主要以矿化为主;N浓度呈上升趋势,总N在研究期末表现为净损失,损失方式主要以矿化为主;P浓度呈波动变化,总P在研究期末表现为净损失,损失方式主要以淋溶为主。
3.枯落物分解过程中热值变化跟C浓度变化显著相关,枯落物初始热值可很好地预测枯落物的分解速率;总能量与剩余干物质质量以及总C含量极显著相关,总能量随干物质及总C的减少而降低,能量损失速率很好的反映了枯落物的分解速率。
4.枯落物质量是影响枯落物分解的主要因素,经常性的潮汐淹水促进了枯落物的分解,但促进作用不显著。此外,经常性的潮汐淹水显著促进了N元素的损失,也显著地促进了P元素的损失。
Litter decompositions of Cyperus malaccensis、Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora (an exotic invasive species) were studied using mesh bags method in the Shanyutan tidal marsh in the Minjiang River estuary. We explored the influences of litter composition and tide on litter decomposition. Main results are as follows:
1. The decreasing order of litter decomposition rate was Cyperus malaccensis, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. The decomposition rates ranged from 0.003166 to 0.005280 d~(-1), and the time of 95% dry mass of litter loss ranged from 1.56 to 2.61a
2. C concentrations had only a little change, and the major pathway of C release was mineralization during the 280 days. There was an upward trend in N concentrations .At the end of the experiment, N content had a net loss and the major pathwany of loss was mineralization. There was a fluctuating downward trend in P concentrations. At the end of the experiment, P content had also a net loss and leaching losses were responsible for much of P loss.
3. The relationship between Calorific Power dynamics and C concerntration dynamics was significant. The initial Calorific Power is a good indication of litter decomposition rates. The energy declined with decreases of dry mass and C content, and the release rates of energy was closely related to decomposition rates.
4. Litter quality is the main factor influencing the decomposition rates of plant litter. Frequent tidal flooding had accelerated the litter decomposition, however, the impact of tide on litter decomposition rate was not significant. Frequent tidal flooding had accelerated significantly the N release, and had also accelerated the P loss.
引文
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