黄芩多糖的提取及其生物活性研究
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摘要
植物多糖是普遍存在于自然植物界中的由许多相同或不同的单糖以α-或β-糖苷键所组成的化合物。植物多糖作为一类重要的天然活性物质，其最大优点是毒副作用小，来源广泛，具有多种生物活性，如抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗病毒和抗辐射等。因此其应用具有广阔的发展前景。由于黄芩中的主要成分是黄酮类化合物，因此国内外学者主要是对黄酮类化合物进行研究，较少见对黄芩多糖的研究。
1.黄芩多糖提取纯化的研究。采用微波辅助技术提取黄芩多糖，通过单因素试验研究了液固比、提取时间、提取温度对黄芩多糖提取率的影响，采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对微波辅助提取黄芩多糖的工艺参数进行优化，优化结果为：固液比1:34，提取温度91℃，提取时间100min，在此条件下，黄芩多糖提取率达到89.97%。
对黄芩粗多糖采用Sevag法除蛋白，结果表明，对黄芩粗多糖采用Sevag法除蛋白6次即可达到比较好的效果，蛋白脱除率为82.09%，多糖损失率为28.66%。对脱蛋白后的黄芩多糖用活性炭脱色，超滤法除去小分子杂质，得到纯度较高的黄芩多糖，纯度为95.27%。
2.黄芩多糖体外抗氧化活性的研究。从还原力、清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基和清除羟基自由基四个方面研究了黄芩多糖的体外抗氧化活性，并与Vc进行比较。结果表明，黄芩多糖对上述自由基均有不同程度清除作用，其还原力较低；对DPPH自由基的清除率是90.54%，能力略低于Vc；对超氧阴离子清除能力强于Vc，EC50为0.261mg/mL；对羟自由基的清除能力低于Vc，EC50为0.724mg/mL。黄芩多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。
3.黄芩多糖体内抗氧化活性的研究。用试剂盒测定小鼠血清、肝、脾、肾组织中的蛋白质含量、MDA含量、SOD活性和GSH-Px活性。结果表明，黄芩多糖可显著提高小鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中的蛋白含量、GSH-Px活性和SOD活性，还可显著降低小鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中的丙二醛含量，说明黄芩多糖具有一定的体内抗氧化活性。
4.黄芩多糖免疫调节活性的研究。通过动物试验，检测小鼠血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)含量，补体C3、C4的含量和溶菌酶活性，并测定胸腺指数与脾脏指数。结果表明，黄芩多糖能增加小鼠胸腺重量，显著增加小鼠脾脏重量；增加小鼠血清中IgG含量，显著增加小鼠血清中IgA含量与IgM含量；显著增加小鼠血清中补体的含量；显著增加小鼠血清溶菌酶活性。说明黄芩多糖具有增加机体免疫功能的作用，并在一定程度上对小鼠的体液免疫有所增强，还能激活并提高小鼠非特异性免疫反应。
Plant polysaccharides exist widely in the nature, which are the compounds composed of manymonosaccharides by α-or β-glycosidic bond. Plant polysaccharides as an important class natural activesubstances, its biggest advantages is little side-effect and extensive sources. It has many kinds of significantbioactivities, such as antitumor activity, hypoglycemic effect, antilipemic function, anti-oxidative effect,anti-virus, radioprotection and so on. Therefore, their application has wide prospect. As the main ingredients ofScutellaria baicalensis Georgi are flavonoids, hence the domestic and foreign scholars mainly study onflavonoids, rarely studying on polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
1Research on extraction and purification for polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were extracted by microwave-assisted technique. Singlefactor experiment were used to study the effect of material/liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperatureon the yield of polysaccharides. The quadratic rotary combinational design were used to optimize theextraction technology parameters. The optimized results were： material/liquid ratio1:34, extractiontemperature91℃, extraction time100minute. In this condition, the extracting rate can reach89.97%.
The removals of protein by the Sevag method for crude polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi. The experimental results show: Up to a better effect of proteins were removed by Sevag method aftertreatment for6times, the removal efficiency of protein was82.09%, and the loss of polysaccharide was28.66%. And decolorize them with activated carbon, ultrafiltration to remove small molecule impurities, thecontent of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was higher, the purity was95.27%.
2Research on antioxidation activities of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in vitro. Theantioxidative activity of polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was studied from four aspects ofreducing power, scavenging activity for DPPH free radical, scavenging activity for superoxide radicals,scavenging activity for hydroxyl free radicals, and it is compared with Vc. The experimental results show,Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi have different scavenging effect in these radicalsystems.The reducing power is low, scavenging activity for DPPH free radical is90.54%, which is lower thanVc, scavenging activity for superoxide radicals is stronger than Vc, and EC50is0.261mg/mL, scavengingactivity for hydroxyl free radicals is lower than Vc, EC50is0.724mg/mL. Polysaccharides from Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi was shown to have certain antioxidant effect in vitro.
3Research on antioxidation activities of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in vivo.Contents of protein and MDA, SOD and GSH-px in the serum, liver, spleen and kidney of mice were measuredby reagent box. The experimental results show, it can significantly increased the activities of protein, SOD andGSH-Px in mice serum, liver, spleen, kidney, and significant decreased the MDA level. Polysaccharides fromScutellaria baicalensis Georgi was shown to have certain antioxidant effect in vivo.
4Research on the immune regulating effect of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Thecontents of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM), contents of complement (C3, C4), activity of lysozyme in theserum, thymus index and spleen index of mice were determined by animal testing. The experimental resultsshow, polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi can increased the weight of thymus of mice,significantly increased the weight of spleen of mice. It increased the content of IgG in serum, significantly increased the content of IgA and IgM in serum. It significantly increased the content of complement and theactivity of lysozyme in serum. Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were shown to have thefunction of improving the nonspecific and specific immune ability of mice. And humoral immunity of micehas been enhanced to a certain extent.
1.黄芩多糖提取纯化的研究。采用微波辅助技术提取黄芩多糖，通过单因素试验研究了液固比、提取时间、提取温度对黄芩多糖提取率的影响，采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计对微波辅助提取黄芩多糖的工艺参数进行优化，优化结果为：固液比1:34，提取温度91℃，提取时间100min，在此条件下，黄芩多糖提取率达到89.97%。
对黄芩粗多糖采用Sevag法除蛋白，结果表明，对黄芩粗多糖采用Sevag法除蛋白6次即可达到比较好的效果，蛋白脱除率为82.09%，多糖损失率为28.66%。对脱蛋白后的黄芩多糖用活性炭脱色，超滤法除去小分子杂质，得到纯度较高的黄芩多糖，纯度为95.27%。
2.黄芩多糖体外抗氧化活性的研究。从还原力、清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基和清除羟基自由基四个方面研究了黄芩多糖的体外抗氧化活性，并与Vc进行比较。结果表明，黄芩多糖对上述自由基均有不同程度清除作用，其还原力较低；对DPPH自由基的清除率是90.54%，能力略低于Vc；对超氧阴离子清除能力强于Vc，EC50为0.261mg/mL；对羟自由基的清除能力低于Vc，EC50为0.724mg/mL。黄芩多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。
3.黄芩多糖体内抗氧化活性的研究。用试剂盒测定小鼠血清、肝、脾、肾组织中的蛋白质含量、MDA含量、SOD活性和GSH-Px活性。结果表明，黄芩多糖可显著提高小鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中的蛋白含量、GSH-Px活性和SOD活性，还可显著降低小鼠血清、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中的丙二醛含量，说明黄芩多糖具有一定的体内抗氧化活性。
4.黄芩多糖免疫调节活性的研究。通过动物试验，检测小鼠血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)含量，补体C3、C4的含量和溶菌酶活性，并测定胸腺指数与脾脏指数。结果表明，黄芩多糖能增加小鼠胸腺重量，显著增加小鼠脾脏重量；增加小鼠血清中IgG含量，显著增加小鼠血清中IgA含量与IgM含量；显著增加小鼠血清中补体的含量；显著增加小鼠血清溶菌酶活性。说明黄芩多糖具有增加机体免疫功能的作用，并在一定程度上对小鼠的体液免疫有所增强，还能激活并提高小鼠非特异性免疫反应。
Plant polysaccharides exist widely in the nature, which are the compounds composed of manymonosaccharides by α-or β-glycosidic bond. Plant polysaccharides as an important class natural activesubstances, its biggest advantages is little side-effect and extensive sources. It has many kinds of significantbioactivities, such as antitumor activity, hypoglycemic effect, antilipemic function, anti-oxidative effect,anti-virus, radioprotection and so on. Therefore, their application has wide prospect. As the main ingredients ofScutellaria baicalensis Georgi are flavonoids, hence the domestic and foreign scholars mainly study onflavonoids, rarely studying on polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
1Research on extraction and purification for polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were extracted by microwave-assisted technique. Singlefactor experiment were used to study the effect of material/liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperatureon the yield of polysaccharides. The quadratic rotary combinational design were used to optimize theextraction technology parameters. The optimized results were： material/liquid ratio1:34, extractiontemperature91℃, extraction time100minute. In this condition, the extracting rate can reach89.97%.
The removals of protein by the Sevag method for crude polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensisGeorgi. The experimental results show: Up to a better effect of proteins were removed by Sevag method aftertreatment for6times, the removal efficiency of protein was82.09%, and the loss of polysaccharide was28.66%. And decolorize them with activated carbon, ultrafiltration to remove small molecule impurities, thecontent of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was higher, the purity was95.27%.
2Research on antioxidation activities of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in vitro. Theantioxidative activity of polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was studied from four aspects ofreducing power, scavenging activity for DPPH free radical, scavenging activity for superoxide radicals,scavenging activity for hydroxyl free radicals, and it is compared with Vc. The experimental results show,Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi have different scavenging effect in these radicalsystems.The reducing power is low, scavenging activity for DPPH free radical is90.54%, which is lower thanVc, scavenging activity for superoxide radicals is stronger than Vc, and EC50is0.261mg/mL, scavengingactivity for hydroxyl free radicals is lower than Vc, EC50is0.724mg/mL. Polysaccharides from Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi was shown to have certain antioxidant effect in vitro.
3Research on antioxidation activities of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in vivo.Contents of protein and MDA, SOD and GSH-px in the serum, liver, spleen and kidney of mice were measuredby reagent box. The experimental results show, it can significantly increased the activities of protein, SOD andGSH-Px in mice serum, liver, spleen, kidney, and significant decreased the MDA level. Polysaccharides fromScutellaria baicalensis Georgi was shown to have certain antioxidant effect in vivo.
4Research on the immune regulating effect of polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Thecontents of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM), contents of complement (C3, C4), activity of lysozyme in theserum, thymus index and spleen index of mice were determined by animal testing. The experimental resultsshow, polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi can increased the weight of thymus of mice,significantly increased the weight of spleen of mice. It increased the content of IgG in serum, significantly increased the content of IgA and IgM in serum. It significantly increased the content of complement and theactivity of lysozyme in serum. Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were shown to have thefunction of improving the nonspecific and specific immune ability of mice. And humoral immunity of micehas been enhanced to a certain extent.
引文
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