地被植物在城市园林绿地中的应用探析
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摘要
随着园林立地条件的多样性发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,地被植物作为城市绿化建设的重要组成部分和园林造景必不可少的植物材料,在城市绿地中的应用日益突出。其品种多样性、色彩丰富性和景观季相性能将园林中的乔木、灌木、草花以及其它造景因素调和成色彩纷呈、高低错落的多层次立体植物景观。同时,地被植物亦能充分满足生态城市的需要,其强大的覆盖功能对防止水土流失、维护生态平衡、削减噪音污染起到了其它类型植物所无法替代的作用,并显著提高了城市绿地的绿量和绿化覆盖率,加之植株个体矮小、生长速度快,弥补了乔木生长缓慢、下层空隙大的不足,能在短时间内营造良好的观赏效果,相对人工草坪而言,显著地降低了建设及维护成本,在有限的城市空间里创造了最佳的景观效益与生态效益,实现了园林景观多样性与城市生物多样性。
然而园林设计者在实际工作中,却难免对地被植物的生态习性、选择标准、配置方式等缺乏充分的了解而无法构建层次丰富的群落景观,以致大大限制了园林面貌的改善与丰富。本文主要就园林地被植物在城市绿地中的应用进行探讨,通过对地被植物概念及与其它园林植物的区别阐释,就地被植物的生态习性、观赏特点、应用方式、园林用途等方面归纳分类,分析了地被植物在城市园林绿地建设的生态特性、观赏特性与应用特性及相应功能,从景观和生态相结合的角度出发,总结出地被植物在不同性质和功能的园林绿地中的配置原则和方式以及在园林景观中的解析和构成。同时,对地被植物与乔木、灌木等不同生活型的植物相配置的方式,以及与山石、水体和园林建筑等造园要素相结合的应用方式进行了分析,得出自己的见解,为地被植物在城市绿地中的应用提供理论依据。
Long with the botanical garden condition of local growth's multiple development and the people living standard's unceasing enhancement, the cover plant makes the scenery essential plant material as the urban afforestation construction's important component and the botanical garden, is day by day prominent in the urban green space's application. Its variety multiplicity, the color richness and the landscape seasonal aspect performance the botanical garden in tree, the bush, the flowering plant as well as other makes the scenery factor to become well distributed the color numerous, the height scattered about multi-level three-dimensional plant landscape. At the same time, the cover plant could also the full satisfied ecology city need, its formidable cover function to the conservation of soil against erosion, the maintenance ecological equilibrium, reduce the noise pollution the function which other type plant was unable to substitute, and obviously enhanced the urban green space green quantity and the afforested coverage fraction, the adult plant individual was in addition diminutive, the growth speed was quick, makes up the tree to be slow-growing, the lower level crevice big insufficiency, could build the good ornamental effect in a short time, the relatively artificial lawn said that obviously reduced the construction and the maintenance cost, has created the best landscape benefit and the ecological benefit in the limited urban space, has realized the botanical garden landscape multiplicity and the city biodiversity.
However the botanical garden designer in the practical work, actually unavoidably to cover plant's ecology habit, the choice standard, the collocation method and so on lacks the full understanding to be unable to construct the level rich community landscape, so that has limited the botanical garden appearance improvement greatly and rich. This article mainly carries on the discussion on the botanical garden cover plant's in urban green space application, through to the cover plant concept and with other ornamental plant's difference explanation, on aspects and so on cover plant's ecology habit, ornamental characteristic, application way, botanical garden use induces the classification, has analyzed the cover plant in the urban botanical garden green space construction ecology characteristic, the ornamental characteristic and the application characteristic and the corresponding function, unifies angle embarking from the landscape and the ecology, summarizes the cover plant in the heterogeneity and in the function botanical garden green space disposition principle and the way as well as in the botanical garden landscape analysis and the constitution. At the same time, to the cover plant and the tree, the bush and so on different vegetative form's flora disposition's way, as well as the application way which with landscape gardening essential factors and so on Shan Shi, water body and garden structure unified has carried on the analysis, obtained own opinion, provided the theory basis for cover plant's in urban green space application.
然而园林设计者在实际工作中,却难免对地被植物的生态习性、选择标准、配置方式等缺乏充分的了解而无法构建层次丰富的群落景观,以致大大限制了园林面貌的改善与丰富。本文主要就园林地被植物在城市绿地中的应用进行探讨,通过对地被植物概念及与其它园林植物的区别阐释,就地被植物的生态习性、观赏特点、应用方式、园林用途等方面归纳分类,分析了地被植物在城市园林绿地建设的生态特性、观赏特性与应用特性及相应功能,从景观和生态相结合的角度出发,总结出地被植物在不同性质和功能的园林绿地中的配置原则和方式以及在园林景观中的解析和构成。同时,对地被植物与乔木、灌木等不同生活型的植物相配置的方式,以及与山石、水体和园林建筑等造园要素相结合的应用方式进行了分析,得出自己的见解,为地被植物在城市绿地中的应用提供理论依据。
Long with the botanical garden condition of local growth's multiple development and the people living standard's unceasing enhancement, the cover plant makes the scenery essential plant material as the urban afforestation construction's important component and the botanical garden, is day by day prominent in the urban green space's application. Its variety multiplicity, the color richness and the landscape seasonal aspect performance the botanical garden in tree, the bush, the flowering plant as well as other makes the scenery factor to become well distributed the color numerous, the height scattered about multi-level three-dimensional plant landscape. At the same time, the cover plant could also the full satisfied ecology city need, its formidable cover function to the conservation of soil against erosion, the maintenance ecological equilibrium, reduce the noise pollution the function which other type plant was unable to substitute, and obviously enhanced the urban green space green quantity and the afforested coverage fraction, the adult plant individual was in addition diminutive, the growth speed was quick, makes up the tree to be slow-growing, the lower level crevice big insufficiency, could build the good ornamental effect in a short time, the relatively artificial lawn said that obviously reduced the construction and the maintenance cost, has created the best landscape benefit and the ecological benefit in the limited urban space, has realized the botanical garden landscape multiplicity and the city biodiversity.
However the botanical garden designer in the practical work, actually unavoidably to cover plant's ecology habit, the choice standard, the collocation method and so on lacks the full understanding to be unable to construct the level rich community landscape, so that has limited the botanical garden appearance improvement greatly and rich. This article mainly carries on the discussion on the botanical garden cover plant's in urban green space application, through to the cover plant concept and with other ornamental plant's difference explanation, on aspects and so on cover plant's ecology habit, ornamental characteristic, application way, botanical garden use induces the classification, has analyzed the cover plant in the urban botanical garden green space construction ecology characteristic, the ornamental characteristic and the application characteristic and the corresponding function, unifies angle embarking from the landscape and the ecology, summarizes the cover plant in the heterogeneity and in the function botanical garden green space disposition principle and the way as well as in the botanical garden landscape analysis and the constitution. At the same time, to the cover plant and the tree, the bush and so on different vegetative form's flora disposition's way, as well as the application way which with landscape gardening essential factors and so on Shan Shi, water body and garden structure unified has carried on the analysis, obtained own opinion, provided the theory basis for cover plant's in urban green space application.
引文
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[6]周厚高.地被植物景观[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2006,4:8.
[7]刘建秀,周久亚等.草坪·地被植物·观赏草[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2001.
[8]张玲慧,夏宜平.地被植物在园林中的应用及研究现状[J].中国园林,2003(19):54-57.
[9]David S.Mackenzie.Perennial Ground Covers[M].Portland,Oregon:Timber Press,1997.
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[13]Powell R H.Ground covers for Australia[J].Seed and Nursery Trader,1973,71:167-186.
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[16]Percy D G.Cost cutting canopies[J].Gcand HTJ,1985,197(4):25-27.
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[18]周家琪,吴涤新.秦岭南坡火地塘等地区野生花卉和地被植物种质资源调查初报[J].北京林学院学报,198-192.
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[20]周繇.长白山区野生地被植物资源的研究[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(4):332-336.
[21]王玉生.地被植物用作园林的新趋势[J].乌鲁木齐园林,1995.(2):10-14.
[22]赵遵田,贾泽峰,赵洪东,等.济南市常见绿化地被植物研究[J].山东科学,2001,14(1):20-25.
[23]梅笑漫,刘鹏.丽水白云山野生观赏植物资源的开发与应用[J].安徽农业科学,2002, 30(3):328-330.
[24]童丽丽.南京地区春季野生开花地被植物种质资源及其园林应用价值[J].金陵职业大学学报,2003,18(4):81-82.
[25]彭行梅,郭尔祥,蔡汉香,等.地被植物及其在武钢生态园林建设中的应用[J].湖北林业科技,2001,(3):38-40.
[26]赵雪宇,刘芳.适合北方地区栽植的优良地被植物[J].新农业,2001,(2):45-46.
[27]张艳敏.地被植物连钱草在北方城市中的应用[J].北方园艺,2001,(5):53.
[28]关文灵.昆明市园林绿化的现状与发展对策[J].云南林业科技,2001,(3):37-41.
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