6个绵羊品种（系）的血液蛋白型和微卫星多态性与多羔性状关系的研究
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摘要
为了筛选与绵羊多羔性状相关的遗传标记,提高绵羊多羔群体的选育效率,本研究对小尾寒羊、无角陶赛特、萨福克、中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系、肉用品系、体大品系6个品种(系)绵羊血红蛋白(Hb)、血清酯酶(ES)和血清转铁蛋白(Tf)3个血液蛋白位点及OarAE101、BM143和OarHH35 3个微卫星标记的多态性进行了检测,并对不同基因型母羊间的多羔性状进行了差异分析。血液蛋白多态性的检测采用非连续性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,共检测小尾寒羊43只、无角陶赛特58只、萨福克56只和中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系29只、肉用品系30只、体大品系29只。其中产羔母羊情况如下:小尾寒羊34只、无角陶赛特37只、萨福克35只、中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系29只、肉用品系30只、体大品系29只。微卫星标记多态性的检测采用PCR扩增,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染法显色的方法,共检测小尾寒羊42只、无角陶赛特52只、萨福克44只、中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系29只、肉用品系30只、体大品系29只。其中产羔母羊情况如下:小尾寒羊34只、无角陶赛特35只、萨福克30只、中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系29只、肉用品系30只、体大品系29只。绵羊血液蛋白标记的相关试验结果表明:(1)萨福克HbBB基因型平均产羔数高于HbAB基因型(P<0.01),分别为1.81±0.40和1.00±0.00羔/胎,说明萨福克HbBB基因型与产双羔相关,产双羔群体选育应该选留HbBB基因型,淘汰HbAB和HbAA基因型;无角陶赛特HbAA、HbAB基因型均产双羔,而HbBB基因型母羊产羔数仅为1.64±0.49羔/胎,说明HbA等位基因与双羔性状有关;其余4个品种(系)不同Hb基因型母羊间的多羔性无显著差异。(2)小尾寒羊TfBB基因型平均产羔数最高,达到3.5只,显著高于TfAB基因型(1.50±1.00),可用于3羔以上群体的早期选育;中美肉用TfAC基因型和中美体大TfAA、TfCC基因型具有多羔的趋势,且中美体大TfCC基因型母羊平均产羔数(1.50±0.71)显著高于TfAC基因型(1.00±0.00);其余3个品种(系)不同Tf基因型母羊间的多羔性无显著差异。(3)中美多胎和小尾寒羊的ESa表型均具有多羔的趋势,提示在选育过程中淘汰ESA表型有助于提高产羔数;其它4个品种(系)ESa和ESA表型母羊间的多羔性无显著差异。绵羊微卫星标记的相关试验结果表明:可作为多羔性状辅助选育的微卫星标记有:OarHH35的117bp/121bp和OarAE101的103bp /111bp基因型(小尾寒羊);OarHH35的127bp /141bp,BM143的104bp /114bp和OarAE101的103bp /103bp基因型(中国美利奴(多胎));OarAE101的111bp/111bp基因型和BM143的112bp/122bp基因型(中国美利奴(肉用));BM143的112bp/122bp基因型(萨福克)。而萨福克OarHH35的125bp/139bp、127bp/141bp基因型均产单羔,在多羔性状的选育中应予以淘汰。由本试验可得出结论:(1)绵羊的血液蛋白位点和微卫星位点的一些基因型和绵羊的多羔性状间具有相关性,且这种相关性存在着品种(系)差异性;(2)应根据不同品种(系)各自的多羔基因型进行绵羊多羔性状的选育。
In order to select the genetic maker of prolificacy in sheep and increase the efficiency of prolificacy colony selection, the polymorphism of 3 blood protein loci (haemoglobin (Hb), transferring (Tf) and esterase (Es)) and 3 microsatellite loci (OarAE101,BM143 and OarHH35) in Small Tail Han sheep (STH), Poll Dorset (PD), Suffolk (S) and China Merino (Xinjiang type) (including Prolific strain (PS),Meat strain (MS) and Large Frame strain (LFS) ) were tested, and the co-relationship between different genotypes and litter size was also identified. The polymorphism of blood proteins were tested by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 43 STH, 58 PD, 56 S, 29 PS, 30 MS and 29 LFS. The lambed ewe of STH, PD, S, PS, MS and LFS was 34, 37, 35, 29, 30, 29 respectively.The polymorphism of microsatellites were studied by means of PCR, poyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. 42 STH, 52 PD, 44 S, 29 PS, 30 MS and LFS were selected for the experiment including 34, 35, 30, 29, 30, 29 lambed ewe respectively.The results of blood protein markers showed that in S the ewe with HbBB genotype had a higher average litter size than that of HbAB genotype (P<0.01), being 1.81±0.40 and 1.00±0.00 lamb/litter respectively. It showed the correlation between HbBB genotype and prolificacy. In PD the ewe with the HbAA or HbAB genotype produced twins, and that the ewe with HbBB genotype only bred 1.64±0.49 lamb/litter, indicating the correlation between HbA allele and prolificacy. However, there was no significant difference of prolificacy between various Hb genotypes in other 4 breeds/strains. The average litter size of TfBB genotype in STH was highest, being 3.5 lamb/litter, significantly higher than that of TfAB genotype(1.50±1.00 lamb/litter), so TfBB genotype could be applied in early selection for colony of litter size more than 3 lamb. The TfAC genotype in MS and the TfAA, TfCC genotypes in LFS had a prolific tendency, and the average litter size of TfCC genotype(1.50±0.71 lamb/litter) in LFS was significandly higher than TfAC genotype(1.00±0.00 lamb/litter). However, there was no significant difference of prolificacy between Tf genotypes in other 3 breeds/strains. The ESa phenotype in both PS and STH had a tendency of prolificacy, which indicated the elimination of ESA genotype could increased the litter size. However, there was no significant difference between ESa genotype and ESA genotype in other 4 breeds/strains.The results of microsatellites showed that the microsatellite markers for prolificacy characteristics could be as follows: OarHH35 117bp/121bp and OarAE101 103bp/111bp in STH, OarHH35 127bp /141bp, BM143 104bp/114bp and OarAE101 103bp/103bp in Chinese Merino PS, OarAE101 111bp/111bp and BM143 112bp/122bp in Chinese Merino MS, and BM143 112bp/122bp in Suffolk. The Suffolk ewes with the genotypes of OarHH35 125bp/139bp, 127bp/141bp produced single lamb,and therefore these microsatellite markers could be used for elimination in Suffolk.
This study reveals a breeds/strains difference of prolificacy genotype in blood protein loci and microsatellite loci, which indicates that the selection of prolificacy characteristics in sheep should depend on different genotype in different breeds/strains.
In order to select the genetic maker of prolificacy in sheep and increase the efficiency of prolificacy colony selection, the polymorphism of 3 blood protein loci (haemoglobin (Hb), transferring (Tf) and esterase (Es)) and 3 microsatellite loci (OarAE101,BM143 and OarHH35) in Small Tail Han sheep (STH), Poll Dorset (PD), Suffolk (S) and China Merino (Xinjiang type) (including Prolific strain (PS),Meat strain (MS) and Large Frame strain (LFS) ) were tested, and the co-relationship between different genotypes and litter size was also identified. The polymorphism of blood proteins were tested by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 43 STH, 58 PD, 56 S, 29 PS, 30 MS and 29 LFS. The lambed ewe of STH, PD, S, PS, MS and LFS was 34, 37, 35, 29, 30, 29 respectively.The polymorphism of microsatellites were studied by means of PCR, poyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. 42 STH, 52 PD, 44 S, 29 PS, 30 MS and LFS were selected for the experiment including 34, 35, 30, 29, 30, 29 lambed ewe respectively.The results of blood protein markers showed that in S the ewe with HbBB genotype had a higher average litter size than that of HbAB genotype (P<0.01), being 1.81±0.40 and 1.00±0.00 lamb/litter respectively. It showed the correlation between HbBB genotype and prolificacy. In PD the ewe with the HbAA or HbAB genotype produced twins, and that the ewe with HbBB genotype only bred 1.64±0.49 lamb/litter, indicating the correlation between HbA allele and prolificacy. However, there was no significant difference of prolificacy between various Hb genotypes in other 4 breeds/strains. The average litter size of TfBB genotype in STH was highest, being 3.5 lamb/litter, significantly higher than that of TfAB genotype(1.50±1.00 lamb/litter), so TfBB genotype could be applied in early selection for colony of litter size more than 3 lamb. The TfAC genotype in MS and the TfAA, TfCC genotypes in LFS had a prolific tendency, and the average litter size of TfCC genotype(1.50±0.71 lamb/litter) in LFS was significandly higher than TfAC genotype(1.00±0.00 lamb/litter). However, there was no significant difference of prolificacy between Tf genotypes in other 3 breeds/strains. The ESa phenotype in both PS and STH had a tendency of prolificacy, which indicated the elimination of ESA genotype could increased the litter size. However, there was no significant difference between ESa genotype and ESA genotype in other 4 breeds/strains.The results of microsatellites showed that the microsatellite markers for prolificacy characteristics could be as follows: OarHH35 117bp/121bp and OarAE101 103bp/111bp in STH, OarHH35 127bp /141bp, BM143 104bp/114bp and OarAE101 103bp/103bp in Chinese Merino PS, OarAE101 111bp/111bp and BM143 112bp/122bp in Chinese Merino MS, and BM143 112bp/122bp in Suffolk. The Suffolk ewes with the genotypes of OarHH35 125bp/139bp, 127bp/141bp produced single lamb,and therefore these microsatellite markers could be used for elimination in Suffolk.
This study reveals a breeds/strains difference of prolificacy genotype in blood protein loci and microsatellite loci, which indicates that the selection of prolificacy characteristics in sheep should depend on different genotype in different breeds/strains.
引文
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