不同海拔人参挥发油含量及成分变化研究
摘要
本文以不同海拔不同地区不同年生的人参根、茎叶为实验材料,提取人参不同部位的挥发油并应用GC-MS分析并鉴定其组成成分,研究不同海拔不同地区不同年生的人参挥发油含量及其成分的变化规律,首次针对海拔因素对人参挥发油含量、成分的影响及相关性进行分析,并对不同海拔的人参挥发油做抑菌实验。
海拔高度从127m～1423m的珲春、集安、抚松、长白地区四地人参中：
四年生人参根挥发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.057%,最高点为长白1423m含量是0.138%；人参茎叶发油含量最低点为珲春219m含量是0.032%,最高点为抚松850m含量是0.095%。
五年生人参根挥发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.063%,最高点为长白1423m含量是0.213%；人参茎叶发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.049%,最高点为抚松850m含量是0.120%：
六年生人参根挥发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.074%,最高点为长白305m含量是0.214%；人参茎叶发油含量最低点为珲春219m含量是0.050%,最高点为抚松580m含量是0.104%：
不同海拔不同年生人参挥发油含量超过0.1%较多的是长白>抚松>集安>珲春,在相同海拔高度下,抚松地区的人参挥发油的含量高于集安地区人参挥发油的含量。不同海拔不同年生的人参根挥发油总含量符合随着人参生长年限的增长而增加的规律,随着海拔的增高含量也随着增长的趋势明显程度为四年生>五年生>六年生。不同海拔不同年生的人参茎叶挥发油总含量也符合随着人参生长年限的增长而增加的规律,但是同海拔增长的相关性趋势不是很明显,起伏较大。
通过GC-MS分析不同海拔不同地区四年生人参根挥发油成分,鉴定结果为大多数成分都为倍半萜类化合物,还有脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯类和脂肪烷烃类化合物。珲春地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出54种成分；集安地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出49种成分；抚松地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出62种成分；从长白地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出62种成分。虽然不同海拔的人参挥发油含量和种类存在差异性,但是并没有呈现一定的规律性。并且在不同海拔中还鉴定出二十三烷、二十四烷等6种文献中未成报道的成分,并且这些成分是每个海拔都存在的。
通过对人参挥发油的抑菌试验,得知人参挥发油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。从受试液的总体抑菌效果来看,人参根挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果要比大肠杆菌的抑制效果好。人参茎叶挥发油对大肠杆菌的抑制效果要比金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果好。
This article's experimental materials is based on ginseng roots, stems and leaves from different areas and different years with different altitudes, for extracting volatile oil in different parts of ginseng, analyzed and identified its composition by using the GC-MS, have a research on variation pattern of ginseng volatile oil content and composition from different areas and different years with different altitudes, and for the first time have the analysis of influence and relativity about ginseng volatile oil content, composition of elevation factors, and have antibacterial experiment of ginseng volatile oil in different altitude.
Altitude level is 127m-1423m from 4 places in Hunchun, Ji'an, Fusong, Changbai:
Rock bottom of four-years ginseng volatile oil content is in Hunchun 127m, content is 0.057%, culminating point is in Changbai 1423m, content is 0.138%; Rock bottom of volatile oil content in ginseng stem and leaf is in Hunchun 219m, content is 0.032%, culminating point is in Fusong 850m, content is 0.095%。
Rock bottom of five-years ginseng volatile oil content is in Hunchun 127m, content is 0.063%, culminating point is in Changbai 1423m, content is 0.213%; Rock bottom of volatile oil content in ginseng stem and leaf is in Hunchun 219m, content is 0.049%, culminating point is in Fusong 850m, content is 0.120%。
Rock bottom of six-years ginseng volatile oil content is in Hunchun 127m, content is 0.074%, culminating point is in Changbai 305m, content is 0.214%; Rock bottom of volatile oil content in ginseng stem and leaf is in Hunchun 219m, content is 0.050%, culminating point is in Fusong 850m, content is 0.104%。
Places where ginseng volatile oil content exceeds 0.1% from different elevations and different years are Changbai>FuSong>Ji'an>Hunchun, in the same altitude, ginseng volatile oil content in Fusong area is higher than Ji'an area. Ginseng roots volatile oil total content in different elevations and different years are fit the pattern of increasing as growth of year, the content is also increased as the elevation is rise, this degree of tendency is four-year>five year> six years. Ginseng stem and leaf volatile oil total content in different elevations and different years are fit the pattern of increasing as growth of year, but the relativity tendency of the same elevation rise is not obvious, undulate larger.
Analyzeing four-year ginseng roots volatile oil content in different elevations and different areas by GC-MS, identified the results shows that great majority of its composition is sesquiterpenoids, still have fatty acid, aliphatic ester and alkane compound. Totally identified 54 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Hunchun area,; totally identified 49 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Ji'an area; totally identified 62 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Fusong area,62 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Changbai area. Although ginseng volatile oil content existing differences from different elevations, but didn't appear certain regularity. Meanwhile, also identified Tricosane, Tetracosane and other 6 kinds of compositions that have not reported yet from different elevations, and these compositions are exist in each elevation.
Through the anti-bacteria test to ginseng volatile oil, we can know that the ginseng volatile oil have the inhibitory action to Escherichia coli ATCC 8099 and Staphyloccocu aureus ATCC 6538. From the total anti-bacteria effect of experimental liquor, the restrain effect which ginseng root volatile oil to Staphyloccocu aureus ATCC 6538 is much better than Escherichia coli ATCC 8099. the restrain effect which ginseng stem and leaf volatile oil to Escherichia coli ATCC 8099 is much better than Staphyloccocu aureus ATCC 6538.
海拔高度从127m～1423m的珲春、集安、抚松、长白地区四地人参中：
四年生人参根挥发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.057%,最高点为长白1423m含量是0.138%；人参茎叶发油含量最低点为珲春219m含量是0.032%,最高点为抚松850m含量是0.095%。
五年生人参根挥发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.063%,最高点为长白1423m含量是0.213%；人参茎叶发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.049%,最高点为抚松850m含量是0.120%：
六年生人参根挥发油含量最低点为珲春127m含量是0.074%,最高点为长白305m含量是0.214%；人参茎叶发油含量最低点为珲春219m含量是0.050%,最高点为抚松580m含量是0.104%：
不同海拔不同年生人参挥发油含量超过0.1%较多的是长白>抚松>集安>珲春,在相同海拔高度下,抚松地区的人参挥发油的含量高于集安地区人参挥发油的含量。不同海拔不同年生的人参根挥发油总含量符合随着人参生长年限的增长而增加的规律,随着海拔的增高含量也随着增长的趋势明显程度为四年生>五年生>六年生。不同海拔不同年生的人参茎叶挥发油总含量也符合随着人参生长年限的增长而增加的规律,但是同海拔增长的相关性趋势不是很明显,起伏较大。
通过GC-MS分析不同海拔不同地区四年生人参根挥发油成分,鉴定结果为大多数成分都为倍半萜类化合物,还有脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯类和脂肪烷烃类化合物。珲春地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出54种成分；集安地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出49种成分；抚松地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出62种成分；从长白地区4年生人参根中共鉴定出62种成分。虽然不同海拔的人参挥发油含量和种类存在差异性,但是并没有呈现一定的规律性。并且在不同海拔中还鉴定出二十三烷、二十四烷等6种文献中未成报道的成分,并且这些成分是每个海拔都存在的。
通过对人参挥发油的抑菌试验,得知人参挥发油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。从受试液的总体抑菌效果来看,人参根挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果要比大肠杆菌的抑制效果好。人参茎叶挥发油对大肠杆菌的抑制效果要比金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果好。
This article's experimental materials is based on ginseng roots, stems and leaves from different areas and different years with different altitudes, for extracting volatile oil in different parts of ginseng, analyzed and identified its composition by using the GC-MS, have a research on variation pattern of ginseng volatile oil content and composition from different areas and different years with different altitudes, and for the first time have the analysis of influence and relativity about ginseng volatile oil content, composition of elevation factors, and have antibacterial experiment of ginseng volatile oil in different altitude.
Altitude level is 127m-1423m from 4 places in Hunchun, Ji'an, Fusong, Changbai:
Rock bottom of four-years ginseng volatile oil content is in Hunchun 127m, content is 0.057%, culminating point is in Changbai 1423m, content is 0.138%; Rock bottom of volatile oil content in ginseng stem and leaf is in Hunchun 219m, content is 0.032%, culminating point is in Fusong 850m, content is 0.095%。
Rock bottom of five-years ginseng volatile oil content is in Hunchun 127m, content is 0.063%, culminating point is in Changbai 1423m, content is 0.213%; Rock bottom of volatile oil content in ginseng stem and leaf is in Hunchun 219m, content is 0.049%, culminating point is in Fusong 850m, content is 0.120%。
Rock bottom of six-years ginseng volatile oil content is in Hunchun 127m, content is 0.074%, culminating point is in Changbai 305m, content is 0.214%; Rock bottom of volatile oil content in ginseng stem and leaf is in Hunchun 219m, content is 0.050%, culminating point is in Fusong 850m, content is 0.104%。
Places where ginseng volatile oil content exceeds 0.1% from different elevations and different years are Changbai>FuSong>Ji'an>Hunchun, in the same altitude, ginseng volatile oil content in Fusong area is higher than Ji'an area. Ginseng roots volatile oil total content in different elevations and different years are fit the pattern of increasing as growth of year, the content is also increased as the elevation is rise, this degree of tendency is four-year>five year> six years. Ginseng stem and leaf volatile oil total content in different elevations and different years are fit the pattern of increasing as growth of year, but the relativity tendency of the same elevation rise is not obvious, undulate larger.
Analyzeing four-year ginseng roots volatile oil content in different elevations and different areas by GC-MS, identified the results shows that great majority of its composition is sesquiterpenoids, still have fatty acid, aliphatic ester and alkane compound. Totally identified 54 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Hunchun area,; totally identified 49 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Ji'an area; totally identified 62 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Fusong area,62 kinds of compositions in four-year ginseng roots in Changbai area. Although ginseng volatile oil content existing differences from different elevations, but didn't appear certain regularity. Meanwhile, also identified Tricosane, Tetracosane and other 6 kinds of compositions that have not reported yet from different elevations, and these compositions are exist in each elevation.
Through the anti-bacteria test to ginseng volatile oil, we can know that the ginseng volatile oil have the inhibitory action to Escherichia coli ATCC 8099 and Staphyloccocu aureus ATCC 6538. From the total anti-bacteria effect of experimental liquor, the restrain effect which ginseng root volatile oil to Staphyloccocu aureus ATCC 6538 is much better than Escherichia coli ATCC 8099. the restrain effect which ginseng stem and leaf volatile oil to Escherichia coli ATCC 8099 is much better than Staphyloccocu aureus ATCC 6538.
引文
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