双峰驼肺脏微血管构筑学特征的研究
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摘要
本研究采用铸型扫描电镜技术对双峰驼肺脏微血管的立体构筑形式做
了观察。结果表明：双峰驼肺脏微血管排布密集，分支走行较规律，血管
铸型较好地保持了正常肺脏的大体形态，展现了微血管分布的三维空间构
型。肺脏胸膜下区毛细血管主要由微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动
脉及毛细血管四级血管逐级分支构成，也可由终未微动脉直接发出，并相
互吻合成胸膜下毛细血管网。胸膜下毛细血管网较粗疏，网孔孔径一般大
于毛细血管管径，网孔多呈六边形和五边形。双峰驼肺泡毛细血管的来源
丰富，可由胸膜下或小叶间隔毛细血管延续而来，也可由毛细血管前微动
脉发出的毛细血管支形成，还可以通过终未微动脉直接发出的毛细血管支
构成。肺泡毛细血管相互吻合成单层致密的网状结构，似网套样包绕在肺
泡周围，网孔孔径通常都小于毛细血管管径，网孔形状不规则，以卵圆形
和椭圆形居多。双峰驼肺泡微血管的构筑中还可见大量伸展不完全，处于
皱缩状态的肺泡毛细血管。微动脉、终未微动脉和毛细血管前微动脉的铸
型表面均显示有清晰的、环状排列的平滑肌细胞的压迹，毛细血管前微动
脉及毛细血管表面还可见卵圆形内皮细胞核的压痕。双峰驼肺间质微血管
丰富，与肺脏微血管之间存在有广泛的、不同水平上的吻合。
The microvasculature of the lung in the Bactrian camel(Camelus
bactrianus) was studied with the replicascanning electron microscopic
method.The results showed that the microvessels of the lung arranged
densely,branched and coursed regularly,of which the corrosion casts revealed a
complex three-dimensional network completely.According to the microvascular
architecture,the subpleural microvasculature mainly comprised the arteriole,the
terminal arteriol e,the precap ii lary arteriole,and the capillary. Sometimes,the
terminal arteriole directly gave rise to large number of capillaries which
anastomosed with each other.forming the subpleural capillary network.The
network was loose,in which the diameter of the mesh was larger than that of the
capillary,and the mesh was often hexagon and pentagon in appearance.The
resources of the alveolar capillary were rich,which originated from the
capillaries of the subpleural space or interlobular septulum,sometimes from the
precapillary arterioles or from the terminal arterioles directly.The alveolar
capillaries anastomosed with each other and formed a single layer of dense
network,surrounding the alveolar,the diameter of its mesh being larger than that
of the capillary.The mesh of the alveolar capillary network was irregular
polygon in appearance,but oval and elliptical mesh was much more.Plenty of
collapsed alevolar capillaries were found in alveolar microvascular architecture
of the lung in the Bactrian cainel.There are obvious imprints of the smooth
muscles on the surface of the casts of the arteriole,the terminal arteriole and the
precapillary arteriole.On the surface of the casts of the precapillary arteriole and
the capillary,there are obous imprints of the endothelial nuclei as
well.Numerous am tomoses on different orders were found between the
pulmonary microvasulatures and the bronchial microvasculatures.
了观察。结果表明：双峰驼肺脏微血管排布密集，分支走行较规律，血管
铸型较好地保持了正常肺脏的大体形态，展现了微血管分布的三维空间构
型。肺脏胸膜下区毛细血管主要由微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动
脉及毛细血管四级血管逐级分支构成，也可由终未微动脉直接发出，并相
互吻合成胸膜下毛细血管网。胸膜下毛细血管网较粗疏，网孔孔径一般大
于毛细血管管径，网孔多呈六边形和五边形。双峰驼肺泡毛细血管的来源
丰富，可由胸膜下或小叶间隔毛细血管延续而来，也可由毛细血管前微动
脉发出的毛细血管支形成，还可以通过终未微动脉直接发出的毛细血管支
构成。肺泡毛细血管相互吻合成单层致密的网状结构，似网套样包绕在肺
泡周围，网孔孔径通常都小于毛细血管管径，网孔形状不规则，以卵圆形
和椭圆形居多。双峰驼肺泡微血管的构筑中还可见大量伸展不完全，处于
皱缩状态的肺泡毛细血管。微动脉、终未微动脉和毛细血管前微动脉的铸
型表面均显示有清晰的、环状排列的平滑肌细胞的压迹，毛细血管前微动
脉及毛细血管表面还可见卵圆形内皮细胞核的压痕。双峰驼肺间质微血管
丰富，与肺脏微血管之间存在有广泛的、不同水平上的吻合。
The microvasculature of the lung in the Bactrian camel(Camelus
bactrianus) was studied with the replicascanning electron microscopic
method.The results showed that the microvessels of the lung arranged
densely,branched and coursed regularly,of which the corrosion casts revealed a
complex three-dimensional network completely.According to the microvascular
architecture,the subpleural microvasculature mainly comprised the arteriole,the
terminal arteriol e,the precap ii lary arteriole,and the capillary. Sometimes,the
terminal arteriole directly gave rise to large number of capillaries which
anastomosed with each other.forming the subpleural capillary network.The
network was loose,in which the diameter of the mesh was larger than that of the
capillary,and the mesh was often hexagon and pentagon in appearance.The
resources of the alveolar capillary were rich,which originated from the
capillaries of the subpleural space or interlobular septulum,sometimes from the
precapillary arterioles or from the terminal arterioles directly.The alveolar
capillaries anastomosed with each other and formed a single layer of dense
network,surrounding the alveolar,the diameter of its mesh being larger than that
of the capillary.The mesh of the alveolar capillary network was irregular
polygon in appearance,but oval and elliptical mesh was much more.Plenty of
collapsed alevolar capillaries were found in alveolar microvascular architecture
of the lung in the Bactrian cainel.There are obvious imprints of the smooth
muscles on the surface of the casts of the arteriole,the terminal arteriole and the
precapillary arteriole.On the surface of the casts of the precapillary arteriole and
the capillary,there are obous imprints of the endothelial nuclei as
well.Numerous am tomoses on different orders were found between the
pulmonary microvasulatures and the bronchial microvasculatures.
引文
赵兴绪，1995，骆驼的生态生理及繁殖．甘肃科学技术出版社，37-69．宁夏农学院主编，养驼学，第二版．北京：农业出版社，1-21．
张朝佑，1988，器官内微血管铸型扫描电镜图谱．北京：科学出版社，71-77．
廖瑞，袁桂琴，魏宝林，1993，人和猴器官内微血管三维构筑．北京：科学出版社，69-73．
成令忠，1995，组织学与胚胎学，第四版．北京：人民卫生出版社，193-200．
刘凌云，郑光美，1997，普通动物学，第三版．北京：高等教育出版社，427，495．
马克勤，郑光美，1984，脊椎动物比较解剖学．北京：高等教育出版社，177-180．
南开大学实验动物解剖学编写组，1978，实验动物解剖学．人民教育出版社，17，214．
王仲桥，郑观德，1964，人体肺泡毛细血管网立体形象的观察．中国解剖学会1964年学术讨论会论文摘要：106．
候广棋，魏宝林，张朝佑等，1981，肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电子显微镜观察．解剖学报，12(4)：390．
候广棋，魏宝林，廖瑞等，1983，人肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电子显微镜观察．解剖学报，14(2)：113．
沈惠卿，张亚霏，张其鸿，郑尊，1988，大鼠肺微血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．第二军医大学学报，9(6)：536．
真炳攸，张云鹏，张留保，龚文汇，1990，成人肺微血管研究．解剖学报，21(3)：233-238．
刘代成，孙京田，1994，家鸽肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察．动物学杂志，29(5)：21-22．
俞诗源，1997a，黄脊游蛇肺微血管的扫描电镜观察．动物学报，43(2)：214．
俞诗源，1998a，微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．动物学报，44(4)：384-390．
张朝佑，魏宝林，侯广棋等，1981，ABS血管铸型扫描电镜观察法及其在医学生物学研究中的应用．中华物理医学杂志，3(1)：50．
俞诗源，1997b，金丝猴肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．兽类学报，17(4)：301．
俞诗源，1998b，小白鼠肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．西北师
范大学学报(自然科学版)，34(2)：65-68．
俞诗源，李重阳，1995a，家兔肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，31(形态学专辑)：1-3．
俞诗源，尤启斌，1996a，鼠兔肺毛细血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．西北师范大学学报(自然科学★★★版)，32(4)：115-117．
俞诗源，1995b，中华大蟾蜍肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察．西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)，31(4)：47-49．
俞诗源，李重阳，1996b，花背蟾蜍肺微血管的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，32(2)：126-129．
俞诗源，1997c，中国林蛙肺微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，33(专辑)：280-282．
贾宁，李晓明，陈怀涛，1998，双峰驼肺组织的结构特征．畜牧兽医学报，29(4)：349-354．
姚作宾，周家宝，1985，肺内支气管动脉及其与肺血管的吻合．解剖学报，16(1)：15，19．
张永起，1958，支气管动脉在肺内的径路与分布及其与肺动脉的吻合．解剖学报，3：245．
俞诗源，1995c，红腹锦鸡肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，31(形态学专辑)：4-5．
俞诗源，1997d，岩鸽肺微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)，33(3)：79-81．
冈田庆夫 他，1980，肺血管床末梢部微细构造．日本临床电子显微镜学会志，13：143．
Barman, S. A., et al., 1988, Pulmonary and system blood flow contributions to upper airways in canine lung. Am. J. Physiol., 225: Hl130.
Brackenbury, J. H., and A. R. Akester, 1978, Respiratory function in birds, adult and embryonic, J. Piiper (ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 125.
Duncker, H. R., 1972, Structure of avian lungs. Respir. Physiol., 14: 44-63.
Duncker, H. R., 1974, Structure of the avian respiratory tract. Respir. Physiol., 22:1-19.
Ellis, F. H., J. H. Grindlay, and J. E. Edwards, 1951, The bronchial arteries. Surgery, 30: 810.
Fujii, S., and T. Okamoto, 1981, Microarchitecture of air capillaries and blood capillaries in the respiratory area of the hen′s lung examined by scanning electron microscopy. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 47: 51.
Ghoreyeb, A. A., and H. T. Karsner, 1913, A study of the relation of pulmonary and bronchial circulation. J. Exp. Med. , 18: 500．
Hayek, H. V. , 1953, Die Menschliche Lunge. Springer, Berlin, Goettingen, Heidelberg.
Hijiya, K., and Y. Okada, 1978, Scanning electron microscope study of the cast of the pulmonary capillary vessels in rats. J. Electron. Micros., 27: 49．
Irwin, J. W., W. S. Burrage, C. E. Aimarand R. W. Chesnut, J. R., 1954, Microscopical observations of the pulmonary arterioles, capillaries, and venules of living guinea pigs and rabbits. Anat. Rec., 119: 391．
Kendall, M. W., and E. Eissmann, 1980, Scanning electron microscopic examination of human pulmonary capillaries using a latex replication method. Anat. Rec., 196: 275．
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West, N. H. , O. S. Bam ford, and D. R. Jones, 1977, A scanning electron microscope study of the microvasculature of the avian lung. Cell. Tissue. Res. , 176(4) : 553-64．
张朝佑，1988，器官内微血管铸型扫描电镜图谱．北京：科学出版社，71-77．
廖瑞，袁桂琴，魏宝林，1993，人和猴器官内微血管三维构筑．北京：科学出版社，69-73．
成令忠，1995，组织学与胚胎学，第四版．北京：人民卫生出版社，193-200．
刘凌云，郑光美，1997，普通动物学，第三版．北京：高等教育出版社，427，495．
马克勤，郑光美，1984，脊椎动物比较解剖学．北京：高等教育出版社，177-180．
南开大学实验动物解剖学编写组，1978，实验动物解剖学．人民教育出版社，17，214．
王仲桥，郑观德，1964，人体肺泡毛细血管网立体形象的观察．中国解剖学会1964年学术讨论会论文摘要：106．
候广棋，魏宝林，张朝佑等，1981，肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电子显微镜观察．解剖学报，12(4)：390．
候广棋，魏宝林，廖瑞等，1983，人肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电子显微镜观察．解剖学报，14(2)：113．
沈惠卿，张亚霏，张其鸿，郑尊，1988，大鼠肺微血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．第二军医大学学报，9(6)：536．
真炳攸，张云鹏，张留保，龚文汇，1990，成人肺微血管研究．解剖学报，21(3)：233-238．
刘代成，孙京田，1994，家鸽肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察．动物学杂志，29(5)：21-22．
俞诗源，1997a，黄脊游蛇肺微血管的扫描电镜观察．动物学报，43(2)：214．
俞诗源，1998a，微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．动物学报，44(4)：384-390．
张朝佑，魏宝林，侯广棋等，1981，ABS血管铸型扫描电镜观察法及其在医学生物学研究中的应用．中华物理医学杂志，3(1)：50．
俞诗源，1997b，金丝猴肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．兽类学报，17(4)：301．
俞诗源，1998b，小白鼠肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．西北师
范大学学报(自然科学版)，34(2)：65-68．
俞诗源，李重阳，1995a，家兔肺毛细血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，31(形态学专辑)：1-3．
俞诗源，尤启斌，1996a，鼠兔肺毛细血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．西北师范大学学报(自然科学★★★版)，32(4)：115-117．
俞诗源，1995b，中华大蟾蜍肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察．西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)，31(4)：47-49．
俞诗源，李重阳，1996b，花背蟾蜍肺微血管的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，32(2)：126-129．
俞诗源，1997c，中国林蛙肺微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，33(专辑)：280-282．
贾宁，李晓明，陈怀涛，1998，双峰驼肺组织的结构特征．畜牧兽医学报，29(4)：349-354．
姚作宾，周家宝，1985，肺内支气管动脉及其与肺血管的吻合．解剖学报，16(1)：15，19．
张永起，1958，支气管动脉在肺内的径路与分布及其与肺动脉的吻合．解剖学报，3：245．
俞诗源，1995c，红腹锦鸡肺毛细血管的扫描电镜观察．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)，31(形态学专辑)：4-5．
俞诗源，1997d，岩鸽肺微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察．西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)，33(3)：79-81．
冈田庆夫 他，1980，肺血管床末梢部微细构造．日本临床电子显微镜学会志，13：143．
Barman, S. A., et al., 1988, Pulmonary and system blood flow contributions to upper airways in canine lung. Am. J. Physiol., 225: Hl130.
Brackenbury, J. H., and A. R. Akester, 1978, Respiratory function in birds, adult and embryonic, J. Piiper (ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 125.
Duncker, H. R., 1972, Structure of avian lungs. Respir. Physiol., 14: 44-63.
Duncker, H. R., 1974, Structure of the avian respiratory tract. Respir. Physiol., 22:1-19.
Ellis, F. H., J. H. Grindlay, and J. E. Edwards, 1951, The bronchial arteries. Surgery, 30: 810.
Fujii, S., and T. Okamoto, 1981, Microarchitecture of air capillaries and blood capillaries in the respiratory area of the hen′s lung examined by scanning electron microscopy. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 47: 51.
Ghoreyeb, A. A., and H. T. Karsner, 1913, A study of the relation of pulmonary and bronchial circulation. J. Exp. Med. , 18: 500．
Hayek, H. V. , 1953, Die Menschliche Lunge. Springer, Berlin, Goettingen, Heidelberg.
Hijiya, K., and Y. Okada, 1978, Scanning electron microscope study of the cast of the pulmonary capillary vessels in rats. J. Electron. Micros., 27: 49．
Irwin, J. W., W. S. Burrage, C. E. Aimarand R. W. Chesnut, J. R., 1954, Microscopical observations of the pulmonary arterioles, capillaries, and venules of living guinea pigs and rabbits. Anat. Rec., 119: 391．
Kendall, M. W., and E. Eissmann, 1980, Scanning electron microscopic examination of human pulmonary capillaries using a latex replication method. Anat. Rec., 196: 275．
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