人工饲养大鲵的繁殖生物学研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
我们从2000年3月份开始对在人工饲养条件下的大鲵进行了宏观和微观两方面的研究。宏观方面我们主要对大鲵的人工饲养和人工繁殖关系以及大鲵的生长、捕食、食性、性腺发育成熟、人工催产、人工繁殖做了较为详细地研究。
     在捕食、食性分析以及大鲵的生长速度与年龄、饵料关系的实验中,我们发现对投放的动物喜欢的程度依次是螃蟹,青蛙和鳅鱼、小杂鱼。对动物的内脏、各种小昆虫,这些非活体的东西不很感兴趣。
     不同体重和不同年龄的大鲵在相同的密度下,其生长速度不同,不同的饲料品种饲养大鲵的生长速度也不同,其中人工配合饲料饲养的增长速度是最快的,其次是青蛙和螃蟹喂食的,增长最慢的是小杂鱼,主要因为配合饲料的营养很全价的。
     在大鲵的性比和怀卵量的实验中,大鲵的雌雄比基本接近1:1,大鲵的绝对怀卵量是随着体重的增加而增加的,而相对怀卵量随着体重的增加反而减少,相对怀卵量最高的是性腺成熟不久,体重为500-1000g左右的大鲵。
     另外在大鲵人工催产繁殖的一系列研究中,我们发现大鲵的性腺发育成熟、卵子、精子的质量高低与食物有着密切的关系,与注射激素的种类和量以及效应时间都有关系。
     微观方面,用光镜和电镜观察了大鲵卵巢的卵母细胞发育过程,输卵管、睾丸、输精管的显微和超微结构。对大鲵卵母细胞以及精巢细胞的变化进行了详尽的观察。靠近卵核区域的线粒体大多数是原线粒体,它们没有形成明显的峭,有的处于增殖状态。散在卵质中的线粒体大多数是成熟的线粒体,有的有明显的峭。冬季精巢中只有精原细胞和初级精母细胞的存在,没有成熟的精子。另外还分析了输卵管管壁的各种形态的腺体细胞和输精管管壁各种形态细胞的结构。讨论了卵母细胞中线粒体变化的原因和冬季大鲵卵母细胞以及精母细胞的分期,比较了中国大鲵的输卵管管壁与中国林蛙输卵管管壁显微和超微结构的差别,中国大鲵的精巢、输精管和其它两栖动物的精巢、输精管的区别。
We began the research on artificial feeding of Chinese giant salamanders on macroscopic and microscopic aspects in March 2000. We studied principally the relationships of artificial feeding and artificial reproduction,growth,prey,feeding pattern,the gonads of maturity,induction of ovulation ,artificial reproduction.
    During the experiments of prey,the analyses of feeding patterns,the relationships between growing speed and age,and between growing speed and feed,we discovered that Chinese giant salamanders like the crabs best,then frogs and loaches and then small fishes . Giant Salamanders were not very interested in entrails and different kinds of insects which were dead. Under the same density,Giant Salamanders with different weights,ages and feeds grew at different speeds. In particular,Giant Salamanders which were bred with artificial mixed feed grew most quickly,then with crabs and frogs,with different kinds of small fishes grew most slowly .The reason of this phenomenon was that the nutrition of mixed feed was the most adequate.
    During the experiments of sex ratio and carrying ovum quantity,the sex ratio of giant salamanders was about 1:1 .The absolute carrying germ cell's quantity of Giant salamanders increased with weight increasing. On the contrary,the relative carrying ovum quantity of Giant salamanders reduced with weight increasing. The relative carrying ovum quantity of Giant salamanders was the highest just after gonads mature. Body weights wereabout500-1000g.
    On the other hand,during the experiments of artificial reproduction,we discovered that the maturity of gonads,qualities of sperm and ovum of giant salamanders were tightly connected with foods,different types quality of hormones and effective time.
    On the microscopic aspect,the microstructure and ultrastructure of oocytes,testes,spermatic ducts and oviducts walls of Chinese winter giant salamander were observed with light and electron microscopes. Structures of big and small oocytes and testis cells were investigated in detail . Mitochondrion closed to the nucleus were composed of primitive mitochondrion. They did not form clear cristate,some of them were
    
    
    multiplied in these areas,the mitochondrion distributed in the ooplasm were mature with clear cristate. In addition,we particularly analyzed the structures of oviducts and testes of Chinese Andrias Davidianus ,mucous cells with different shapes,phrases of oocytes and sperm cells ,the changing reason of Mitochondrion in oocytes ,the differences between the walls of oviducts of Chinese giant salamanders and Rana Temorria Chensinesis,and between testis,spermatic ducts of giant salamanders and other amphibious were discussed in this paper.
引文
[1] 方荣盛.我国的大鲵。生物学通报,1995,1:9-11
    [2] 叶昌媛。中国珍稀及经济两栖动物。四川科学技术出版社,1993
    [3] 李贵禄.大鲵的生态研究。大自然探索,1983 (1):110-113
    [4] 邱幼祥,杨安峰.中国大鲵的骨学研究。北京大学学报(自然科学版),1986 (6):69-86
    [5] 湖南水产科学研究所.娃娃鱼的人工试养.淡水渔业,1973,7:18—18
    [6] 四川省水产资源调查组。大鲵的资源调查。淡水渔业,1974,2:14—17
    [7] 刘国钧.大鲵人工繁殖的初步研究。淡水渔业,1979,20:1—5
    [8] 阳爱生.大鲵性腺发育的组织学观察。动物学报,1981,27(3):240—247
    [9] 吴翠蘅,高武.中国大鲵的皮肤和肌肉系统的解剖.两栖爬行动物 1983,2 (4):13—15
    [10] 杨代勤.大鲵肌肉及其天然饵料营养成分的比较研究.水产学 1990,14:8—12。
    [11] 佐腾.成分荣养特征本邦研究动向。日本临床:1979,3 (8):115—119
    [12] Pellett PL, Young VR, Nutritional Evaluation of protein Foods 1980, 26-29. The united national University, Print in Japan
    [13] 肖汉兵.大鲵消化系统解部学观察.动物学杂志,1995,23 (6):33-36
    [14] 李丕鹏,张育辉,马成仓。大鲵消化系统的解部学和组织学研究 师范大学学报(自然科学版),1991,19 (1):61-64
    [15] 李丕鹏.大鲵和山溪鲵甲状腺和肾上腺的观察.动物学杂志,1990,25(6):34-36
    [16] 张育辉,刘全宏,任耀辉,贾林芝。中国大鲵卵母发育的显微和超微结构。动物学报,1999,45 (1):5-22
    [17] 张育辉.中国大鲵排卵前输卵管的形态学变化.两栖爬行动物学研究(第6,7辑),贵州科技出版社,1997,39-42
    [18] Hope. A.A.a, Humphries and G. H. Bourne Ultrastructual studies on developing oocytes of the salamander triturus viridesceus. the formation of yolk. J. ultrastruet, Res. 1964, 10: 547 556
    [19] Karasski, s. 1963 Studies on amphibian yolk. The ultrastru(?)re of the yolk platelet. J. Cell. Biol, 1963<18:135-151
    [20] 刘鉴毅.中国大鲵人工孵化生态初报.淡水渔业,1995,25(2):8-9
    [21] 肖汉兵,林锡芝。大鲵耗氧率的初步研究.淡水渔业,1989 (1):6-8
    [22] 冯小荣,邓凤姣等。大鲵胚胎发育组织学的研究
    [23] 阳爱生,卞伟,刘运清.大鲵性腺发育的组织学观察.动物学报,1981,(3):240-246
    [24] 杨焱清,肖汉兵,刘鉴毅.大鲵幼苗培育初探.淡水渔业,1996,26(3):
    
    
    [25] 冯小荣,肖汉兵.大鲵胚胎发育组织学研究.武汉大学学报,自然科学版,1997,43 (4) 500—5804
    [26] 冯小荣,刘树楠。大鲵胚胎发育的显微观察。信阳师范学院学报,自然科学版,1997,1:60—63
    [27] 李永通.中国大鲵及鳖不同组织aDH同功酶的比较研究.动物学杂志,1992,27 (1):28—31
    [28] 肖汉兵.大鲵五种同工酶的电泳研究.淡水渔业,1993,23 (6):33—36
    [29] 冯锦涛。大鲵南移珠海人工繁殖及养殖的研究。淡水渔业,1995,25 (1):33—35
    [30] 金立成.大鲵的生态学习性及饲养技术.中国水产,1995,96:25—28
    [31] 刘鉴毅.大鲵饲养池水质状况分析.淡水渔业,1992,(2):16-18
    [32] 陈碧霞.不同饵料种类喂养大鲵的比较试验.水产养殖,1992;29 (4):10-11
    [33] 王琦。改变大鲵食性的的探讨.动物杂志,1994,30:54-57
    [34] 金立成,人工配合饲料养殖大鲵实验报告。淡水渔业,1994,24 (1):39—40
    [35] 金立成.利用人工配合饲料饲养大鲵。野生动物,1994 (3):30
    [36] 肖汉兵.养殖条件下大鲵性腺周年变化的研究.淡水渔业,1995;25(3)
    [37] 刘鉴毅.大鲵高产养殖技术初步研究.淡水渔业,1995,30:18—21
    [38] 金立成.大鲵高产养殖技术初步研究.淡水渔业,1994,(5):34—35
    [39] 刘鉴毅.人工生态条件下提高大鲵催产率技术初报,淡水渔业,1993,(4):42—45
    [40] 刘鉴毅,肖汉兵,林锡芝。大鲵成熟精,卵的形态学观察及受精卵孵化中的形态变化。淡水渔业,1999,29 (3):6-9
    [41] 宋鸣涛,王琦。大鲵生殖系统的发育研究。动物学杂志,1990,25 (3):47-49
    [42] Ward,R,T The origin of protein and fatty yolk in Rana pipiens. Electron microcopical and cytochemical observation of young and mature oocytes J.Cell.Biol. 1962,14:309-341
    [43] Wallace,R.A. and S. Karasaki Studiess on amphibian yolk 2. The isoliation ofplatelets from the eggs of Rana pipiens. J. Cell. Biol. 1963,18:153-166
    [44] 周伟红,棘胸蛙卵泡发育的超微结构研究。见:赵尔宓,陈壁辉和T。Papenfuss 主编,中国黄山国际两栖爬行动物学学术会议论文集,北京,中国林业出版社。1993,117-123
    [45] 郑中华,鄂末远,李胜全。中国林蛙输卵管的超微结构。两栖爬行动物学报,1984,3 (2):15-21。
    [46] 何济之,余路,李胜全,余平。不同产地的中国林蛙产卵前输卵管的组织学和组织化学。两栖爬行动物学报,1986,5 (2):119-12
    [47] Pope CH et al;A survey of Chinese Amphibia. P.N.H.B.1940,15 (1):13-86
    [48] Kambara S;;Histochemical studies on the distribution of phosphatases in the oviduct of newt,triturus pyrrhogaser, Annot,Zool,Japon. 1956,29(2):86-90
    
    
    [49] 堵南山、赖伟。日本沼虾生精细胞与支持细胞之间的连接关系。动物学报,1999,45 (2):178-186
    [50] 赵云龙,堵南山。日本沼虾精子的发生。动物学报,1997,43 (3):243-248
    [51] 孙青原,秦鹏春。牛体外受精的程序及超微结构。动物学报,1996,42 (3):303-308
    [52] Chow. S.Y. Ogsawara and Y. Taki Male reproductive system and fertilization the.palaemoind.shrimp,Macrobra.chiumrosen.begii,Bull Jap,Soc.scient. Fish. 1982,481:77-183
    [53] Doughtery, W. J. M.M. Dougherty and S.Gharris Ultrastcture and histological observations on electrojaculated spermatophores of the palaemonid shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Tissue and cell 1986,18(5):709-724.
    [54] 葛荫榕,郑合勋,李继海。大鲵年龄与生长的初步研究。河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,23 (1):59-63
    [55] 詹克慧,王文林。池养大鲵生长发育的初步研究。淡水渔业,1999,29 (4):20-22
    [56] 武汉大学,南京大学,北京师范大学合编。普通动物学 天津:天津人民出版社,1978,120-42
    [57] 兰亚莉,渊锡藩。大鲵的繁殖生物学的研究。水产养殖,1998,4:24-26
    [58] 方永强,U.威尔士。文昌鱼卵子发生中成熟分裂时卵母细胞的超微研究。动物学报,42 (4):335—360
    [59] 南京医学院等编,组织胚胎学,江苏科技出版社。1981
    [60] 上海第一医学院主编,组织胚胎学.1979,39-41
    [61] (美)A. S. 罗默,T. S. 帕尔森。脊椎动物身体。科学出版社,294-312
    [62] 耿新莲,张芸湘,邱山.兰州地区花背蟾蜍精巢的年周期变化。两栖爬行动物学报,1986,5 (3);189-193.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700