HEV车载铅酸蓄电池快速充电系统研究
|
摘要
混合动力电动车(HEV)作为新一代的节能汽车,已经越来越多地受到了各国政府的重视。本课题主要研究的就是混合动力电动车车载快速充电系统。
本文分析了国内外混合动力电动车的发展态势以及车载快速充电系统的发展现状。针对目前存在的不同种类的蓄电池进行了介绍,并最终选取了铅酸蓄电池作为本科题的研究对象。通过分析了解了铅酸蓄电池内部结构、化学反应机理、充电过程及几个比较重要的蓄电池特性参数。介绍了铅酸蓄电池极化现象的定义及分类。并研究了不同极化现象对于蓄电池充电过程的影响,确定了去极化现象所应该遵循的原则。
本文通过对快速充电理论——马斯三定律的分析,确定了以多段恒流与脉冲充电相结合的新型脉冲充电策略。对系统的硬件设计实现做了详细的介绍。并通过MATLAB仿真软件进行了仿真实验,最终结果验证了理论计算的正确性,并指导了实际硬件的设计过程。另外,对系统软件的实现方法也进行了全面的介绍,主要包括主程序的实现、快速充电子程序的实现、滤波程序的实现以及判断充满子程序的实现。
本文实现了车载快速充电系统的整体设计。对PWM整流电路功能测试的结果表明PWM整流电路能够完成脉冲快速充电策略的需要。通过实验的方法确定了放电电流大小、放电时间、前停充时间等脉冲充电参数。最终将整体充电策略测试结果与其他几种传统充电策略结果进行对比。实验结果表明整个快速充电系统可以实现快速、高效、绿色地给蓄电池进行充电。
As the new generation of energy conservation vehicle, the hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) has been concerned by every countries’government. The principal task of this paper is to research and design a fast recharge system used on HEV.
This paper analyses the research status of HEV and fast charge system used on HEV. Describes different kinds of rechargeable batteries according to the exist situation, and picked the lead acid battery as its research object. Through the analysis we get the interior structure, the mechanism of chemical reaction and the charge process of the lead acid battery, and we also get some other important characteristics of the battery. In addition, this paper described the definition of polarization phenomena and its catalogues. After learnt how the polarization phenomena affect the process of battery charge, the paper sets certain funda-mental to be obeyed when avoiding the polarization phenomena.
Subsequently, this paper analyzed the principal law for fast charge– the three law of Mass and through the analyses it concluded a new charge strategy that based on both multiple current charge strategy and pulse charge strategy which is called the new type pulse charge strategy. Also we particularly described how to realize the hardware. These calculate process has been proved true and correct by the simulation result using MATLAB, and gives a specific direction. Otherwise this paper full-scale described the realization of system software mainly including the main program, the fast charge subprogram, the digital filter subprogram and the full judge subprogram.
Finally, we made out the fast recharge system used on HEV. The results of PWM rectifier characteristic test indicated that it can satisfy the fast recharge require. Also the best compounding of the parameters like discharge current, discharge time, front discharge time etc. are ascertained by a sort of experiments. In the end, the result of the new fast charge strategy is compared to the other three kinds of traditional charge strategies, the compare result indicated that the new strategy can improve the charge efficiency, shorten the charge time and will not emit any poison gas through the charge process.
本文分析了国内外混合动力电动车的发展态势以及车载快速充电系统的发展现状。针对目前存在的不同种类的蓄电池进行了介绍,并最终选取了铅酸蓄电池作为本科题的研究对象。通过分析了解了铅酸蓄电池内部结构、化学反应机理、充电过程及几个比较重要的蓄电池特性参数。介绍了铅酸蓄电池极化现象的定义及分类。并研究了不同极化现象对于蓄电池充电过程的影响,确定了去极化现象所应该遵循的原则。
本文通过对快速充电理论——马斯三定律的分析,确定了以多段恒流与脉冲充电相结合的新型脉冲充电策略。对系统的硬件设计实现做了详细的介绍。并通过MATLAB仿真软件进行了仿真实验,最终结果验证了理论计算的正确性,并指导了实际硬件的设计过程。另外,对系统软件的实现方法也进行了全面的介绍,主要包括主程序的实现、快速充电子程序的实现、滤波程序的实现以及判断充满子程序的实现。
本文实现了车载快速充电系统的整体设计。对PWM整流电路功能测试的结果表明PWM整流电路能够完成脉冲快速充电策略的需要。通过实验的方法确定了放电电流大小、放电时间、前停充时间等脉冲充电参数。最终将整体充电策略测试结果与其他几种传统充电策略结果进行对比。实验结果表明整个快速充电系统可以实现快速、高效、绿色地给蓄电池进行充电。
As the new generation of energy conservation vehicle, the hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) has been concerned by every countries’government. The principal task of this paper is to research and design a fast recharge system used on HEV.
This paper analyses the research status of HEV and fast charge system used on HEV. Describes different kinds of rechargeable batteries according to the exist situation, and picked the lead acid battery as its research object. Through the analysis we get the interior structure, the mechanism of chemical reaction and the charge process of the lead acid battery, and we also get some other important characteristics of the battery. In addition, this paper described the definition of polarization phenomena and its catalogues. After learnt how the polarization phenomena affect the process of battery charge, the paper sets certain funda-mental to be obeyed when avoiding the polarization phenomena.
Subsequently, this paper analyzed the principal law for fast charge– the three law of Mass and through the analyses it concluded a new charge strategy that based on both multiple current charge strategy and pulse charge strategy which is called the new type pulse charge strategy. Also we particularly described how to realize the hardware. These calculate process has been proved true and correct by the simulation result using MATLAB, and gives a specific direction. Otherwise this paper full-scale described the realization of system software mainly including the main program, the fast charge subprogram, the digital filter subprogram and the full judge subprogram.
Finally, we made out the fast recharge system used on HEV. The results of PWM rectifier characteristic test indicated that it can satisfy the fast recharge require. Also the best compounding of the parameters like discharge current, discharge time, front discharge time etc. are ascertained by a sort of experiments. In the end, the result of the new fast charge strategy is compared to the other three kinds of traditional charge strategies, the compare result indicated that the new strategy can improve the charge efficiency, shorten the charge time and will not emit any poison gas through the charge process.
引文
1陈清泉,孙迎春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车车技术.北京理工大学出版社.2002:1~4
2 Daniels J. Millennium. Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Technology International. 2000: 6~10
3过学迅,张杰山,胡朝峰.日美混合动力汽车发展的比较研究.新能源汽车. 2006,3:39~41
4 Wouk V. Hybrids: then and now. IEEE Spectrum. Vol.32. 1995:16~21
5叶玲,杨志伟,李昆.混合动力电动汽车的发展.北京汽车. 2002:16~32
6 Szumanowski A. Fundamentals of hybrid electric vehicle drives. Waraw-Radom, 2000
7李宝文,申金升,郭文双.国外先进技术汽车的现状与展望.世界环境. 2001,3:39~41
8 Kazuaki Shingo, Kaoru Kubo, Toshiaki Katsu. Development of Electric Motors for the TOYOTA Hybrid Vehicle“PRIUS”. EVS16, Proceeding CD, 1999:213~216
9王军,申金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势.公路交通科技. 2000, (17):71~73
10 Friedman M. Conductive charging commercialization. Proceedings of the
14th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1997, CD-ROM
11姚爱娣.基于DSP的电池充电系统研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文. 2006:9~10
12张崇巍,张兴. PWM整流器及其控制.机械工业出版社, 2003: 18~23
13 Chan C C, Lo E W C, Shen W X. An overview of battery technology in electric vehicles. Proceedings of the 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1999, CD-ROM
14李海晨,田光宇,赵立安.电动车用镍氢电池的充放电特性.电池,2002,32(5):282~284
15郝德利,冯熙康,王伯良.电动汽车用锂离子蓄电池的研究.电源技术,2003, 27(增刊):160~165
16 D. bemda. VRLA batteries advances and limitations. Journal of PowerSources. 2006,154(2):509~517
17朱松然.铅蓄电池技术.第二版.机械工业出版社,2003:44-46
18陆名彰,李中齐.煤矿常用铅酸蓄电池及应用.煤矿工业出版社,1993:20~29
19 T. Masami, S. hiroshi. Analysis for electrolytic oxidation and reduction of PbSO4/Pb electrode by electrochemical QCM technique. Journal of Power Source. 2001,109(2):294~300
20陈红雨.铅酸蓄电池的最新研究与发展动态.电源技术. 2000, 24(5):11~314
21苏万樯.电动汽车回馈制动中蓄电池充电研究.中国科学院电工研究所. 2002:29~31
22 Misra. Sudhan S, Noveske. Terrence M. Role of gas recombining catalysts in VRLA cells. International Telecommunications Energy Conference. 1999,(1):2~3
23郭亮.电动车用蓄电池充电技术的进展.电池. 2002,32(4):245~246
24李槟,陈全世.混合动力电动汽车中电池特性的研究.汽车技术. 1999,10:56~58
25 Donald W. Corson. High power battery systems for hybrid vehicles. Journal of Power Source. 2002,105:110~113
26陈全世,林拥军,张东民.电动汽车用铅酸电池放电特性的研究.汽车技术. 1996,8:35~39
27 S. Alvin, A. Terrill. Dynamic characterization of small lead-acid cells. Journal of Power Source. 2001,96(1):151~159
28傅江强.一种电动自行车用智能充电系统的研究,华南理工大学学报. 2003,1:16~18
29 A. Kirchev, D. Pavlov, B. Monahov. Gas-diffusion approach to the kinetics of oxygen recombination in lead-acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 2003,113(2):245~254
30 Bernardi. Dawn M. Study of charge kinetics in valve-regulates lead-acid cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2004,151(1):85~100
31张维戈,姜久春,周希德.动力蓄电池微机控制充放电装置的研制.北方交通大学学报. 1998,22(6):101~104
32 Kramm. Friedrich, Niepraschk, Harald. Phenomena of recombination andpolarization for VRLA batteries in gel technology. International Telecommunications Energy Conference. 1999:2~6
33吴兵峰.电动汽车脉冲快速充电器的研究.北京理工大学学报. 2002,8:19~21
34胡明辉,秦大同,舒红.混合动力汽车蓄电池的快速充电方法.重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2004,27(11):1~3
35徐杭田,董国保,杨林.船用蓄电池快速充电技术的改造.机电设备. 2000,1:23~25
36贾英江,王立冬,王维斌.铅酸蓄电池充电方法初探.电源技术. 2001,1(25):27~28
37陈体衔,甄春花. VRLA蓄电池变电流间歇快速充电方法.试验研究. 1999,1:6~8
38王库,冯义.快速充电技术的探讨.中国农业大学学报. 2001,6(2):62~67
39王坚,秦大为,季宝华,马以春.慢脉冲快速充电方法的研究.电池工业. 2002,6(7):160~164
40刘玉杰,姜印平,孟祥适.关于快速脉冲充电技术的研究.交流与探讨. 2004,2:71~76
41桂长清.电动车用铅酸蓄电池的快速充电.蓄电池. 1998,4:32~36
42 MORIMOTO S, TAKEDA Y, HIRES T, et al. Expansion of operating limits for PM motor by current vector control considering inverter capacity [J]. IEEE Trans on Ind Appl 1990, 26(3): 920-926.
43 KAZMIERKOWSKI K, MALESANI L. Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: A surrey[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electronics, 1998, 45(5): 691-703
44 Chen T. C, Pan C, T. Modeling and design of a single phase AC to DC converter. IEE Proceedings-B 1992,139(5):465~470
45薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计MATLAB语言及应用.清华大学出版社. 1996:181~192
46何新霞,张加胜,王平.电压型PWM可逆整流器建模与系统仿真.石油大学学报. 1999,(3):93~95
47 Wang xiaomao, Deng Zeming, Feng Dousheng. Simulating of Three-phase Voltage Inverter in MATLAB. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology. 2000,17(2):24~28
48 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS. Average Current Mode Controlled Power Factor Correction Converter Using TMS320LF2407A. 2003, SPRA902:10~11
49张兴,张崇巍. PWM可逆整流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究.中国电机工程学报. 2001, 21(10): 102～105
50 Mariusz Malinowski, Marek Jasin′ski, Marian P. Kazmierkowski. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM).IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2004, 51(2): 447～454
51 Tez, E.S. A simple understanding of field-orientation for AC motor control. Vector Control and Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors. IEE Colloquium. 1995, (3): 1~4
52王立欣,靳刚,程树康.混合动力车用PWM整流器控制方法的研究.电机与控制学报. 2005,9(2):199~202
53顾永红.综述单片机应用系统的抗干扰设计.计算机自动测量与控制. 2000,8(8):51～53
54杨明,狄卫国,段淑凤.数字滤波技术及其在电池检测系统中的应用.现代电子技术,2003,148(5):98～99
55杜飞龙.电动汽车铅酸蓄电池智能快速充电方法的研究.整流技术与电力牵引. 2004,4:34~36
56 Chih-chiang Hua, Meng Y Lin. A Study of Charging Control of Lead-Acid Battery for Electric Vehicles. ISIE’2000, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico:135~140
2 Daniels J. Millennium. Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Technology International. 2000: 6~10
3过学迅,张杰山,胡朝峰.日美混合动力汽车发展的比较研究.新能源汽车. 2006,3:39~41
4 Wouk V. Hybrids: then and now. IEEE Spectrum. Vol.32. 1995:16~21
5叶玲,杨志伟,李昆.混合动力电动汽车的发展.北京汽车. 2002:16~32
6 Szumanowski A. Fundamentals of hybrid electric vehicle drives. Waraw-Radom, 2000
7李宝文,申金升,郭文双.国外先进技术汽车的现状与展望.世界环境. 2001,3:39~41
8 Kazuaki Shingo, Kaoru Kubo, Toshiaki Katsu. Development of Electric Motors for the TOYOTA Hybrid Vehicle“PRIUS”. EVS16, Proceeding CD, 1999:213~216
9王军,申金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势.公路交通科技. 2000, (17):71~73
10 Friedman M. Conductive charging commercialization. Proceedings of the
14th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1997, CD-ROM
11姚爱娣.基于DSP的电池充电系统研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文. 2006:9~10
12张崇巍,张兴. PWM整流器及其控制.机械工业出版社, 2003: 18~23
13 Chan C C, Lo E W C, Shen W X. An overview of battery technology in electric vehicles. Proceedings of the 16th International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 1999, CD-ROM
14李海晨,田光宇,赵立安.电动车用镍氢电池的充放电特性.电池,2002,32(5):282~284
15郝德利,冯熙康,王伯良.电动汽车用锂离子蓄电池的研究.电源技术,2003, 27(增刊):160~165
16 D. bemda. VRLA batteries advances and limitations. Journal of PowerSources. 2006,154(2):509~517
17朱松然.铅蓄电池技术.第二版.机械工业出版社,2003:44-46
18陆名彰,李中齐.煤矿常用铅酸蓄电池及应用.煤矿工业出版社,1993:20~29
19 T. Masami, S. hiroshi. Analysis for electrolytic oxidation and reduction of PbSO4/Pb electrode by electrochemical QCM technique. Journal of Power Source. 2001,109(2):294~300
20陈红雨.铅酸蓄电池的最新研究与发展动态.电源技术. 2000, 24(5):11~314
21苏万樯.电动汽车回馈制动中蓄电池充电研究.中国科学院电工研究所. 2002:29~31
22 Misra. Sudhan S, Noveske. Terrence M. Role of gas recombining catalysts in VRLA cells. International Telecommunications Energy Conference. 1999,(1):2~3
23郭亮.电动车用蓄电池充电技术的进展.电池. 2002,32(4):245~246
24李槟,陈全世.混合动力电动汽车中电池特性的研究.汽车技术. 1999,10:56~58
25 Donald W. Corson. High power battery systems for hybrid vehicles. Journal of Power Source. 2002,105:110~113
26陈全世,林拥军,张东民.电动汽车用铅酸电池放电特性的研究.汽车技术. 1996,8:35~39
27 S. Alvin, A. Terrill. Dynamic characterization of small lead-acid cells. Journal of Power Source. 2001,96(1):151~159
28傅江强.一种电动自行车用智能充电系统的研究,华南理工大学学报. 2003,1:16~18
29 A. Kirchev, D. Pavlov, B. Monahov. Gas-diffusion approach to the kinetics of oxygen recombination in lead-acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 2003,113(2):245~254
30 Bernardi. Dawn M. Study of charge kinetics in valve-regulates lead-acid cells. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2004,151(1):85~100
31张维戈,姜久春,周希德.动力蓄电池微机控制充放电装置的研制.北方交通大学学报. 1998,22(6):101~104
32 Kramm. Friedrich, Niepraschk, Harald. Phenomena of recombination andpolarization for VRLA batteries in gel technology. International Telecommunications Energy Conference. 1999:2~6
33吴兵峰.电动汽车脉冲快速充电器的研究.北京理工大学学报. 2002,8:19~21
34胡明辉,秦大同,舒红.混合动力汽车蓄电池的快速充电方法.重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2004,27(11):1~3
35徐杭田,董国保,杨林.船用蓄电池快速充电技术的改造.机电设备. 2000,1:23~25
36贾英江,王立冬,王维斌.铅酸蓄电池充电方法初探.电源技术. 2001,1(25):27~28
37陈体衔,甄春花. VRLA蓄电池变电流间歇快速充电方法.试验研究. 1999,1:6~8
38王库,冯义.快速充电技术的探讨.中国农业大学学报. 2001,6(2):62~67
39王坚,秦大为,季宝华,马以春.慢脉冲快速充电方法的研究.电池工业. 2002,6(7):160~164
40刘玉杰,姜印平,孟祥适.关于快速脉冲充电技术的研究.交流与探讨. 2004,2:71~76
41桂长清.电动车用铅酸蓄电池的快速充电.蓄电池. 1998,4:32~36
42 MORIMOTO S, TAKEDA Y, HIRES T, et al. Expansion of operating limits for PM motor by current vector control considering inverter capacity [J]. IEEE Trans on Ind Appl 1990, 26(3): 920-926.
43 KAZMIERKOWSKI K, MALESANI L. Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: A surrey[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electronics, 1998, 45(5): 691-703
44 Chen T. C, Pan C, T. Modeling and design of a single phase AC to DC converter. IEE Proceedings-B 1992,139(5):465~470
45薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计MATLAB语言及应用.清华大学出版社. 1996:181~192
46何新霞,张加胜,王平.电压型PWM可逆整流器建模与系统仿真.石油大学学报. 1999,(3):93~95
47 Wang xiaomao, Deng Zeming, Feng Dousheng. Simulating of Three-phase Voltage Inverter in MATLAB. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology. 2000,17(2):24~28
48 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS. Average Current Mode Controlled Power Factor Correction Converter Using TMS320LF2407A. 2003, SPRA902:10~11
49张兴,张崇巍. PWM可逆整流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究.中国电机工程学报. 2001, 21(10): 102～105
50 Mariusz Malinowski, Marek Jasin′ski, Marian P. Kazmierkowski. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-Vector Modulation (DPC-SVM).IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2004, 51(2): 447～454
51 Tez, E.S. A simple understanding of field-orientation for AC motor control. Vector Control and Direct Torque Control of Induction Motors. IEE Colloquium. 1995, (3): 1~4
52王立欣,靳刚,程树康.混合动力车用PWM整流器控制方法的研究.电机与控制学报. 2005,9(2):199~202
53顾永红.综述单片机应用系统的抗干扰设计.计算机自动测量与控制. 2000,8(8):51～53
54杨明,狄卫国,段淑凤.数字滤波技术及其在电池检测系统中的应用.现代电子技术,2003,148(5):98～99
55杜飞龙.电动汽车铅酸蓄电池智能快速充电方法的研究.整流技术与电力牵引. 2004,4:34~36
56 Chih-chiang Hua, Meng Y Lin. A Study of Charging Control of Lead-Acid Battery for Electric Vehicles. ISIE’2000, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico:135~140