济南地区日光温室土壤养分分布状况与累积特征
|
摘要
以济阳商河不同种植年限的日光温室为研究对象,通过调查各温室的肥料投入、蔬菜类型、产量、棚内外表层土壤的养分等情况,探讨了肥料的投入特征、利用状况,比较了棚内外土壤及不同蔬菜作物的养分差异和频数分布状况,分析了日光温室种植年限和土壤养分的累积特征,并对不同蔬菜温室土壤养分和种植年限进行了曲线拟合,研究了土壤养分的动态变化和引起土壤盐渍化和酸化的原因。结果表明:
1、日光温室氮、磷、钾养分的平均投入量分别为2683.6kg·hm-2、1964.9kg·hm-2、2375.1kg·hm-2,投入比例为1:0.73:0.89,其中随化肥投入的氮、磷、钾养分分别占总养分的45.6%、75.4%、60.8%。从不同蔬菜种类来看,氮、磷、钾的养分投入量表现为黄瓜>番茄>甜椒,都存在磷素投入比例过高,钾素投入比例相对较低的问题。日光温室氮磷钾养分均表现为大量的盈余。氮、磷、钾的表观利用率为18.6%、7.3%、31.4%。不同蔬菜作物肥料利用率也有差别,黄瓜、番茄、甜椒的氮、磷、钾的利用率分别为14.4%、9.9%、27.4%;17.7%、5.1%、32.1%;29.6%、7.2%、41.3%。
2、与棚外土壤相比,日光温室土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、电导率的含量显著高于棚外土壤,增幅为135.3%、475.2%、290.1%、97.7%、188.7%,pH则表现降低,较棚外土壤降低了0.31个单位。各养分的频数分布曲线呈正态分布。不同蔬菜温室土壤养分含量各有差别,其中碱解氮和电导率表现为番茄>甜椒>黄瓜,有机质和pH表现为黄瓜>甜椒>番茄,速效磷为黄瓜>番茄>甜椒,速效钾为番茄>黄瓜>甜椒,各养分的频数分布曲线符合正态分布。日光温室土壤有酸化的趋势,但是不明显。土壤盐渍化程度加重,主要由碱解氮和速效钾的累积引起。pH的降低与碱解氮的累积关系密切。
3、日光温室土壤各养分和种植年限的累积规律表现基本一致,在1-2年为养分的快速累积期,3-4年限段累积速率变缓慢,以后处于一个稳定的数值进行小幅度的浮动,从整体上表现为土壤系统的动态平衡。除pH的累积为负向外,其他的均为正向累积。不同蔬菜温室土壤养分与种植年限间有极显著的相关性,且可用2次或3次曲线进行拟合。
4、基肥施入后,土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、电导率迅速上升,有机质缓慢上升,pH缓慢下降,蔬菜定植后处于养分高度富集的土壤中。次年基肥施用前各养分的水平较上一年基肥施用后出现大幅度的回落,除速效磷、pH较上一年基肥施用前的结果降低外,碱解氮、速效钾、电导率、有机质较前一年均有所增加,增幅在20%以内(甜椒的电导率增幅较大为42.3%)。
In this study different years of cultivating greenhouses were used to investigate the fertilizer input, different vegetables and their output and soil nutrition of inside and outside of each greenhouse surface soil, to discuss the fertilizer utilization and the soil nutrition difference between inside and outside of each greenhouse and different greenhouses with different vegetables, to analysis the relationship between the cultivating year and soil nutrition accumulation characteristics and curing fitting the soil nutrition with different vegetables and their cultivating year, to study the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and the reason of soil acidity, the results are described as below:
1.The average inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O were respectively 2683.6 kg·hm-2,1964.9 kg·hm-2,2375.1kg·hm-2(with a ratio of 1:0.73:0.89),among which N, P2O5 and K2O provided by chemical fertilizers took up 45.6%,75.4%,60.8% of the total nutrients. In terms of the vegetable varieties, the inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O in different greenhouses were in the order of cucumbers>tomatoes>sweet peppers. A common problem was that there was a higher proportion of phosphorus input while a relatively lower input of potassium. It was also discovered that there was a big surplus of nutrients of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the greenhouse system. The theoretical application of them was 18.6%,7.3%,31.4%. Differences existed in the application of fertilizers to different vegetables, with 14.4% of nitrogen 9.9% of phosphorus and 27.4% of potassium in the cucumber greenhouse, 17.7%,5.1%,32.1% in the tomato greenhouse and 29.6%,7.2%,41.3% in the sweet pepper greenhouse .
2.In comparison, the contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matters and electrical conductivity in greenhouse soil were much higher than those in the open field soil. To be exact, they were increased respectively by 135.3%,475.2%,290.1%,97.7%,188.7%, on the other hand, the PH value decreased by 0.31. The frequency curve of various nutrients was observed in a normal distribution. Differences were observed in the amount of nutrients in greenhouses for different vegetables. The amount of hydrolyzable nitrogen and electronical conductivity lay in the order of tomato > cucumber >sweet pepper, cucumber>sweet pepper>tomato. as for organic matters and pH value, cucumber>tomato>sweet pepper for available phosphorus and tomato>cucumber>sweet pepper for available potassium, whose frequencies were all in a normal distribution. The results also revealed a mild tendency of acidification in greenhouse soil and an increasing gravity of soil salinization, primarily caused by the accumulation of hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium. The decrease of PH value was closely related to the accumulation of hydrolysable nitrogen..
3.The soil nutrients in greenhouses displayed an accordance with accumulation characteristics of cultivating years. They tend to accumulate rapidly in the first two years and slow down in the third and fourth year. Later they fell into a stable scale with slight fluctuations, but demonstrated a dynamic balance in the greenhouse soil system on the whole. All the contents were in positive accumulation except the pH value. There was significant relevance between soil nutrients in greenhouses of different vegetables and cultivating years, which could be fitted by conic curve or cubic curve.
4.After the basal manure was applied, there showed a sharp increase in hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and electrical conductivity, a moderate rise in organic matters and a slow decrease in the pH value. Planted in the greenhouses, vegetables fell into a highly- fertilized environment. Compared with the nutrient levels after the application of basal manure in the previous year, a dramatic fall down was observed in various nutrients before the use of basal manure in the following year. Apart from an average declining tendency in available phosphorus, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, electrical conductivity and organic matters all went up by less than 20% with an exception of 42.3% increase in the electronical conductivity in sweet pepper greenhouse. Meanwhile a modest declining tendency was shown in the PH compared with the value before the vegetables were planted last year.
1、日光温室氮、磷、钾养分的平均投入量分别为2683.6kg·hm-2、1964.9kg·hm-2、2375.1kg·hm-2,投入比例为1:0.73:0.89,其中随化肥投入的氮、磷、钾养分分别占总养分的45.6%、75.4%、60.8%。从不同蔬菜种类来看,氮、磷、钾的养分投入量表现为黄瓜>番茄>甜椒,都存在磷素投入比例过高,钾素投入比例相对较低的问题。日光温室氮磷钾养分均表现为大量的盈余。氮、磷、钾的表观利用率为18.6%、7.3%、31.4%。不同蔬菜作物肥料利用率也有差别,黄瓜、番茄、甜椒的氮、磷、钾的利用率分别为14.4%、9.9%、27.4%;17.7%、5.1%、32.1%;29.6%、7.2%、41.3%。
2、与棚外土壤相比,日光温室土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、电导率的含量显著高于棚外土壤,增幅为135.3%、475.2%、290.1%、97.7%、188.7%,pH则表现降低,较棚外土壤降低了0.31个单位。各养分的频数分布曲线呈正态分布。不同蔬菜温室土壤养分含量各有差别,其中碱解氮和电导率表现为番茄>甜椒>黄瓜,有机质和pH表现为黄瓜>甜椒>番茄,速效磷为黄瓜>番茄>甜椒,速效钾为番茄>黄瓜>甜椒,各养分的频数分布曲线符合正态分布。日光温室土壤有酸化的趋势,但是不明显。土壤盐渍化程度加重,主要由碱解氮和速效钾的累积引起。pH的降低与碱解氮的累积关系密切。
3、日光温室土壤各养分和种植年限的累积规律表现基本一致,在1-2年为养分的快速累积期,3-4年限段累积速率变缓慢,以后处于一个稳定的数值进行小幅度的浮动,从整体上表现为土壤系统的动态平衡。除pH的累积为负向外,其他的均为正向累积。不同蔬菜温室土壤养分与种植年限间有极显著的相关性,且可用2次或3次曲线进行拟合。
4、基肥施入后,土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、电导率迅速上升,有机质缓慢上升,pH缓慢下降,蔬菜定植后处于养分高度富集的土壤中。次年基肥施用前各养分的水平较上一年基肥施用后出现大幅度的回落,除速效磷、pH较上一年基肥施用前的结果降低外,碱解氮、速效钾、电导率、有机质较前一年均有所增加,增幅在20%以内(甜椒的电导率增幅较大为42.3%)。
In this study different years of cultivating greenhouses were used to investigate the fertilizer input, different vegetables and their output and soil nutrition of inside and outside of each greenhouse surface soil, to discuss the fertilizer utilization and the soil nutrition difference between inside and outside of each greenhouse and different greenhouses with different vegetables, to analysis the relationship between the cultivating year and soil nutrition accumulation characteristics and curing fitting the soil nutrition with different vegetables and their cultivating year, to study the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and the reason of soil acidity, the results are described as below:
1.The average inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O were respectively 2683.6 kg·hm-2,1964.9 kg·hm-2,2375.1kg·hm-2(with a ratio of 1:0.73:0.89),among which N, P2O5 and K2O provided by chemical fertilizers took up 45.6%,75.4%,60.8% of the total nutrients. In terms of the vegetable varieties, the inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O in different greenhouses were in the order of cucumbers>tomatoes>sweet peppers. A common problem was that there was a higher proportion of phosphorus input while a relatively lower input of potassium. It was also discovered that there was a big surplus of nutrients of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the greenhouse system. The theoretical application of them was 18.6%,7.3%,31.4%. Differences existed in the application of fertilizers to different vegetables, with 14.4% of nitrogen 9.9% of phosphorus and 27.4% of potassium in the cucumber greenhouse, 17.7%,5.1%,32.1% in the tomato greenhouse and 29.6%,7.2%,41.3% in the sweet pepper greenhouse .
2.In comparison, the contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matters and electrical conductivity in greenhouse soil were much higher than those in the open field soil. To be exact, they were increased respectively by 135.3%,475.2%,290.1%,97.7%,188.7%, on the other hand, the PH value decreased by 0.31. The frequency curve of various nutrients was observed in a normal distribution. Differences were observed in the amount of nutrients in greenhouses for different vegetables. The amount of hydrolyzable nitrogen and electronical conductivity lay in the order of tomato > cucumber >sweet pepper, cucumber>sweet pepper>tomato. as for organic matters and pH value, cucumber>tomato>sweet pepper for available phosphorus and tomato>cucumber>sweet pepper for available potassium, whose frequencies were all in a normal distribution. The results also revealed a mild tendency of acidification in greenhouse soil and an increasing gravity of soil salinization, primarily caused by the accumulation of hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium. The decrease of PH value was closely related to the accumulation of hydrolysable nitrogen..
3.The soil nutrients in greenhouses displayed an accordance with accumulation characteristics of cultivating years. They tend to accumulate rapidly in the first two years and slow down in the third and fourth year. Later they fell into a stable scale with slight fluctuations, but demonstrated a dynamic balance in the greenhouse soil system on the whole. All the contents were in positive accumulation except the pH value. There was significant relevance between soil nutrients in greenhouses of different vegetables and cultivating years, which could be fitted by conic curve or cubic curve.
4.After the basal manure was applied, there showed a sharp increase in hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and electrical conductivity, a moderate rise in organic matters and a slow decrease in the pH value. Planted in the greenhouses, vegetables fell into a highly- fertilized environment. Compared with the nutrient levels after the application of basal manure in the previous year, a dramatic fall down was observed in various nutrients before the use of basal manure in the following year. Apart from an average declining tendency in available phosphorus, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, electrical conductivity and organic matters all went up by less than 20% with an exception of 42.3% increase in the electronical conductivity in sweet pepper greenhouse. Meanwhile a modest declining tendency was shown in the PH compared with the value before the vegetables were planted last year.
引文
陈竹君,王益权,周建斌,王春阳,张俊鹏.日光温室栽培对土壤养分累积及交换性养分含量和比例的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,(21)1:5-8.
程美廷.温室土壤盐分积累盐害及其防治[J].土壤肥料,1990,(1):1-4.
杜新民,吴忠红,张永清,裴雪霞.不同种植年限日光温室土壤盐分和养分变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):78-80.
范庆锋,张玉龙,陈重.保护地蔬菜栽培对土壤盐分积累及pH值的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):103-106.
冯永军,陈为峰,张蕾娜等.设施园艺土壤的盐化与治理对策[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(2):111-114.
高弼模,于淑芳,高贤彪,等.山东省大棚土壤养分调查[A],见:李晓林,张福锁,米国华主编.平衡施肥与可持续优质蔬菜生产[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2O00,48-51.
高中强,山东省设施蔬菜发展现状、问题及对策建议[J].中国果菜,2010(2):12-14,20.
葛晓光,张恩平,高慧,等.长期施肥条件下菜田一蔬菜生态系统变化的研究:(II) 土壤理化性质的变化[J].园艺学报,2004,31(2):178-182.
葛晓光.设旅蔬菜栽培的土坟障碍及克服途径[J].中国蔬菜,2000(增刊):16-19.
古巧珍,杨学云,孙本华,等.日光温室蔬菜地土壤主要养分含量及其累积特征分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(3):129-134.
郭凤鸣,刘永春,赵福顺.保护地栽培中土放盐演化回避法[J].北方园艺,1996 (2):3-5.
郭文忠,李丁仁.宁夏日光温室土壤次生盐渍化发生原因及治理[J].长江蔬菜,2003(4):39-40.
何启伟,焦自高.推进山东省出口蔬菜发展的对策与建议.山东农业信息网. http :/ / www. sdny. gov. cn/ asp/ detail,2005-06-27.
何启伟,卢育华主编,山东新型日光温室蔬菜系统技术研究与实践[M],山东人民出版社,2002.
何文寿.设施农业中存在的土壤障碍及其对策研究进展[J].土壤,2004,36(3): 235-242.
黄锦法,李艾芬,马树国,张蚕生,冯家俊,项彩花,杨春雄,黄雪良.浙江嘉兴保护地土壤障碍的农化性状指标研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(4):160-162.
黄治平,徐斌,张克强,杨秀春.连续四年施用规模化猪场猪粪温室土壤重金属积累研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):239-244.
贾继文,李文庆,陈保成.山东省蔬菜大棚土壤养分状况与施肥现状的调查研究. 见:谢建昌,等编.菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥.南京:河海大学出版社, 1997,73-75.
贾继文,聂俊华,李絮花,宋付朋,桑卫民.蔬菜大棚土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(4):427-432.
焦坤,李德成.蔬菜大棚条件下土壤性质及环境条件的变化[J].土壤,2003,35 (2):94-97.
寇长林,巨晓棠,高强等.两种农作体系施肥对土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2548-2556.
李刚,张乃明,毛昆明,史静,佘丽娜.大棚土壤盐分累积特征与调控措施研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):44-47.
李俊良,张福锁,李晓林等.寿光蔬菜生产与施肥现状的研究.土壤一植物营养研究文集.陕西科学技术出版社,1999.
李润,李絮花,袁亮,路超,赵朋.设施栽培土壤有机质和氮素含量的积累规律[J].山东农业科学,2006,(2):64-67.
李书田,刘荣乐,陕红.我国主要畜禽粪便养分含量及变化分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):179-184.
李文庆,李光德,骆洪义.大棚栽培对土壤盐分状况影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1995,26(2):165-169.
李文庆,张民,李海峰,咎林生.大棚土壤硝酸盐状况研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):283-287.
梁成华,陈新芝,唐咏.辽宁省蔬菜保护地土壤钾素状况研究[A].见:谢建昌,等编,菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥[C].南京:河海大学出版社,1997,97-100.
梁成华,唐咏,须湘成,等.日光温室菜园土的磷素形态及吸附解吸特征[J],植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(4):345-351.
梁成华,唐咏,须湘成,刘志恒.沈阳市郊区蔬菜保护地土壤盐分动态研究[A].见:
谢建昌,等编,菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥[C].南京:海河大学出版社,1997,25-35.
刘广明,杨劲松.地下水作用条件土壤积盐规律研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1): 65-69.
刘宏斌,张云贵,李志宏,等.北京市平原农区深层地下水硝态氮污染状况研究[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(5):692-698.
刘鸿翔,王德禄,王守宇,孟凯,韩晓增,张璐,沈善敏.黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力质量变化Ⅲ.土壤养分收支[J].应用生态学报, 2002,13(11):1410-1412.
刘晓军,陈竹君,张英莉,周建斌.不同栽培年限日光温室土壤养分累积特性研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):287-289.
刘兆辉,江丽华,张文君,郑福丽,王梅,林海涛.山东省设施蔬菜施肥量演变及土壤养分变化规律[J].土壤学报,2008,45(2):396-303.
刘兆辉,聂燕,刘雅俐.山东省保护地土壤养分状况及施肥问题.见:曹志洪,等编.设施农业相关技术[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999273-278.
鲁如坤,刘鸿翔,闻大中,钦绳武,郑剑英,王周琼.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分
循环和平衡研究Ⅳ.农田养分平衡的评价方法和原则[J].土壤通报, 1996,27(5):197-199.
鲁如坤.土壤一植物营养学原理和施肥,第1版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998, 125-132.
吕福堂,司东霞.日光温室土壤盐分积累及离子组成变化的研究[J].土壤,2004,36 (2):208-210.
吕福堂,司东霞,张秀省.日光温室土壤盐分和养分的变化趋势[J].中国蔬菜,2004(3):14-16.
马朝红,方建坤.蔬菜土壤养分积累与环境风险[J].长江蔬菜,2000(12):43-45.
马茂桐,陈际型,谢建昌.我国菜园土壤养分状况与施肥[A].见:谢建昌,陈际型.
第八次钾素讨论会论文集一菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥.南京:河海大学出版社,1997, 25-33.
马文奇,毛达如,张福锁.山东省蔬菜大棚养分积累状况[J].磷肥与复肥,2000,15 (3):65-67.
孟鸿光,李中,刘乙俭,等.沈阳城郊温室土壤特性调查研究[J].土壤通报,2000,31(2):70-73.
孟鸿光,李中,刘乙俭等.沈阳城郊温室土壤特性调查研究[J].土壤通报,2000,31(2):70-72.
内海修一.保护地园艺—环境与作物生理[M],农业出版社,1984.
秦巧燕,贾陈忠,曲东,等.我国设施农业发展现状及施肥特点[J].湖北农学院学报,2002,22(4):373-376.
史桂芳,毕军,夏光利,等.保护地蔬菜土壤障碍指标界定及应用研究[J].耕作与栽培,2003(3):49-50.
矢吹万寿等,设施园艺学[M],朝昌书店,1987.
索东让.养分平衡及肥料利用率长期定位研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2008,23(4):65-69.
童有为,陈淡飞.温室土壤次生盐渍化的形成和治理途径研究[J].园艺学报,1991,18(2):159-162.
王辉,董元华,李德成,安琼.不同种植年限大棚蔬菜地土壤养分状况研究[J].土壤, 2005,37 (4):460-464.
王平,刘淑英.兰州安宁区蔬菜保护地土壤盐分的含量及其剖面分布规律[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1998,33(2):186-189.
王学军.日光温室土壤次生盐渍化分析[J].北方园艺,1998(3):12-13.
吴凤芝,刘德,王东凯,等.大棚蔬菜连作年限对土壤主要理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,1998(4):5-8.
吴凤芝,孟立君,王学征.设施蔬菜轮作和连作土壤酶活性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):554-558.
吴礼树主编,土壤肥料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
吴忠红,周建斌.山西设施栽培条件下土壤理化性质的变化规律[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):136-140.
夏立忠,李忠佩,杨林章.大棚栽培番茄不同施肥条件下土壤养分和盐分组成与含量变化[J].土壤,2005,37(6):620-625.
夏立忠,杨林章,王德建.苏南设施栽培中旱作人为土养分与盐分状况的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2001(6):43-46,69.
肖千明,高秀兰,娄春荣.保护地蔬菜土壤肥料管理障碍因子及对策研究[A].见:辽宁土壤学会编.迈向21世纪的土壤科学[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1999,119-121.
肖千明,高秀兰,娄春荣,等.辽宁省保护地土壤肥力现状分析[A].见:谢建昌,
陈际型,等编著.菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥[C].南京:河海大学出版社,1997,52-56.
徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,杜社妮,陈志杰.施肥对日光温室土壤硝酸盐分布特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(10):1762-1767.
徐仁扣,D R Coventry.某些农业措施对土壤酸化的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002, 2l(5):385-388.
薛继澄,李家金,毕德义,马爱军,程平娥.保护地栽培土壤硝酸盐积累对辣椒生长和锰含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(1):53-57.
杨丽娟,李天来,付时丰,等.长期施肥对菜田土壤微量元素有效性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):549-531.
余海英,李廷轩,周健民.典型设施栽培土壤盐分变化规律及潜在的环境效应研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):571-576.
余海英,李廷轩,周健民.设施土壤盐分的累积、迁移及离子组成变化特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):642-650.
余海英,李廷轩,张锡洲.温室栽培系统的养分平衡机土壤养分变化特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(3):514-522.
曾路生,高岩,李俊良,赵秀芬,崔德杰,隋方功,史衍玺.寿光大棚菜地酸化与土壤养分变化关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):157-161.
曾希柏,李莲芳,白玲玉,梅旭荣,杨佳波,胡留杰.山东寿光农业利用方式对土壤砷累积的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):310-316.
曾希柏,白玲玉,李莲芳,苏世鸣.山东寿光不同利用方式下农田土壤有机质和氮磷钾状况及其变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3377-3746.
曾希柏,白玲玉,李莲芳,苏世鸣.山东寿光不同种植年限设施土壤的酸化与盐渍化[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1853-1859.
张树清,张夫道,刘秀梅,等.规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):822-829.
张振华,姜冷若,胡永红.等设施栽培土壤养分、盐分调查分析及其调控技术[J].江苏农业科学,2003,(10):73-75.
赵风艳,吴凤芝,刘德等.大棚菜地土壤理化特性的研究[J].土壤肥料,2000,(2):11-13.
周建斌,翟丙年,陈竹君,等.西安市郊区日光温室大棚番茄施肥现状及土壤养分累积特性[J].土壤通报,2006,37(2):287-290.
周建斌,翟丙年,陈竹君,马爱生,尚浩博.设施栽培菜地土壤养分的空间累积及其潜在的环境效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):332-335.
周生路,陆春锋,万红友.苏南菜地土壤酸化特点及成因分析[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):69-72.
朱建华,李俊良,李晚林,等.几种复合肥施用对蔬菜保护地土壤环境质量的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(1):5-8.
Chen Q, Zhang X S, Zhang H Y, Christie P, Li X L, Horlacher D, Liebig H P. Evaluation of current fertilizer p ractice and soil fertilizer in vegetable production in the Beijing region [J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 69 (1) : 51-58.
Cordovil C M d S, Cabral F, Coutinho J. Potential mineralization of nitrogen from organic wastes to ryegrass and wheat crops [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2007,(98): 3265-3268.
Ju X. T, Kou C. L, Christie P, et al. Changes in the soil environment from excessive app lication of fertilizers and manures to two contrastingintensive cropp ing systems onthe North China Plain [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2007,(145):497-506.
Pulgar G, Moreno D A, Víllora G, et al. Production and composition of Chinese cabbage under plastic rowcovers in southern Spain[J]. Hortic. Sci. Biotech,2001,76(6) : 608-611.
Wurr C E, Fellows J R. Leaf p roduction and curd initiation ofwinter cauliflower in response to temperature [J].Hortic.Sci.Biotech,1998,73(5):691-697.
Anthony YEO.Predting the interaction between the effects of salinity and climate change on crop plants[J].Sci.Hort.1999.78:159-174.
Huan H F, Zhou J M, Duan Z Q, Wang H Y, Gao Y F. Contribution of greenhouse soil nutrients accumulation to the formation of the secondary salinization: a case study of Yixing City,China [J].Agrochimica, 2007,51(4):207-221.
LiW Q, ZhangM,Van Der Zee S.Saltcontents in soils under plastic greenhouse gardening in China [J].PedospHere,2001,11(4):359-367. Malhia S S,Nyborg M,Harapiak J T. Effects of long-term N fertilizer-induced acidification and liming on micronutrients in soil and in bromegrass hay[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1998,48:91-100.
Moltay-I,Soyergin-S,Surmeli-N,Genc-C,Yurekturk-M,Abak-K(ed.).Buyukalaca-S.Determination of the nutrient status of greenhouse-grown cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) in the East Marmara region[J].Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cucurbits,Adana,Turkey,20-23 May 1997.Acta-Horticulturae,1999,492,237– 243.
Nicholson F A, Chambers, B J, Williams J R, et al. Heavy metal contents Nicholson F A, Chambers,B J,Williams J R, et al. Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales[J].Bioresour Technol,1999,(70):23-31.
Ohkuna.PHysieal and ehemieal ProPerties of solis for vine culture in greenhouse in Kagawa Prefeeture[J].Kagawa Ken Nogyoshikenjo Kenkyu Hokku,1973(23):7-43.
Rattan L. PHysical management of soil of the tropics: Priorities for the 21 st century[J]. Soil Sci.2000.165(3):191-207.
Rubeiz-IG.Maluf-S.Effect of intensively cropping greenhouses in semiarid regions on soil salinity and nitrogen fertilizer requirements of Cucumber [J]. Journal -of-Plant-Nutrition.1989,12(12):1467-1472.
ShiW M, Yao J, Yan F. Vegetable cultivation under greenhouse conditions leads to rapid accumulation of nutrients, acidification and salinity of soils and groundwater contamination in South Eastern China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2008,83(1):73-84.
Stigter T Y, Olijen S P J V, PostV E A, Appelo C A J,DillA M M C.A hydrogeological and hydrochemical explanation under irrigated land in a Mediterranean
environment,Algarve,Portugal[J].Journal of Hydrology (Amesterdam),1998,208:262-279. VerdonckO,Szmidt RAK.Compost specifications[J].Acta Horticulturae,1998,469:169-177.
Wang Z H, Li S X. Effects of N forms and rates on vegetable growth and nitrate accumulation [J].PedospHere,2003,13(4):309-316.
Yuan B Z, Sun J, Nishiyama S. Effect of drip irrigation on strawberry growth and yield inside a plastic greenhouse[J].Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(2):237-245.
程美廷.温室土壤盐分积累盐害及其防治[J].土壤肥料,1990,(1):1-4.
杜新民,吴忠红,张永清,裴雪霞.不同种植年限日光温室土壤盐分和养分变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):78-80.
范庆锋,张玉龙,陈重.保护地蔬菜栽培对土壤盐分积累及pH值的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):103-106.
冯永军,陈为峰,张蕾娜等.设施园艺土壤的盐化与治理对策[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(2):111-114.
高弼模,于淑芳,高贤彪,等.山东省大棚土壤养分调查[A],见:李晓林,张福锁,米国华主编.平衡施肥与可持续优质蔬菜生产[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2O00,48-51.
高中强,山东省设施蔬菜发展现状、问题及对策建议[J].中国果菜,2010(2):12-14,20.
葛晓光,张恩平,高慧,等.长期施肥条件下菜田一蔬菜生态系统变化的研究:(II) 土壤理化性质的变化[J].园艺学报,2004,31(2):178-182.
葛晓光.设旅蔬菜栽培的土坟障碍及克服途径[J].中国蔬菜,2000(增刊):16-19.
古巧珍,杨学云,孙本华,等.日光温室蔬菜地土壤主要养分含量及其累积特征分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(3):129-134.
郭凤鸣,刘永春,赵福顺.保护地栽培中土放盐演化回避法[J].北方园艺,1996 (2):3-5.
郭文忠,李丁仁.宁夏日光温室土壤次生盐渍化发生原因及治理[J].长江蔬菜,2003(4):39-40.
何启伟,焦自高.推进山东省出口蔬菜发展的对策与建议.山东农业信息网. http :/ / www. sdny. gov. cn/ asp/ detail,2005-06-27.
何启伟,卢育华主编,山东新型日光温室蔬菜系统技术研究与实践[M],山东人民出版社,2002.
何文寿.设施农业中存在的土壤障碍及其对策研究进展[J].土壤,2004,36(3): 235-242.
黄锦法,李艾芬,马树国,张蚕生,冯家俊,项彩花,杨春雄,黄雪良.浙江嘉兴保护地土壤障碍的农化性状指标研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(4):160-162.
黄治平,徐斌,张克强,杨秀春.连续四年施用规模化猪场猪粪温室土壤重金属积累研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):239-244.
贾继文,李文庆,陈保成.山东省蔬菜大棚土壤养分状况与施肥现状的调查研究. 见:谢建昌,等编.菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥.南京:河海大学出版社, 1997,73-75.
贾继文,聂俊华,李絮花,宋付朋,桑卫民.蔬菜大棚土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(4):427-432.
焦坤,李德成.蔬菜大棚条件下土壤性质及环境条件的变化[J].土壤,2003,35 (2):94-97.
寇长林,巨晓棠,高强等.两种农作体系施肥对土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2548-2556.
李刚,张乃明,毛昆明,史静,佘丽娜.大棚土壤盐分累积特征与调控措施研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):44-47.
李俊良,张福锁,李晓林等.寿光蔬菜生产与施肥现状的研究.土壤一植物营养研究文集.陕西科学技术出版社,1999.
李润,李絮花,袁亮,路超,赵朋.设施栽培土壤有机质和氮素含量的积累规律[J].山东农业科学,2006,(2):64-67.
李书田,刘荣乐,陕红.我国主要畜禽粪便养分含量及变化分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):179-184.
李文庆,李光德,骆洪义.大棚栽培对土壤盐分状况影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1995,26(2):165-169.
李文庆,张民,李海峰,咎林生.大棚土壤硝酸盐状况研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):283-287.
梁成华,陈新芝,唐咏.辽宁省蔬菜保护地土壤钾素状况研究[A].见:谢建昌,等编,菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥[C].南京:河海大学出版社,1997,97-100.
梁成华,唐咏,须湘成,等.日光温室菜园土的磷素形态及吸附解吸特征[J],植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(4):345-351.
梁成华,唐咏,须湘成,刘志恒.沈阳市郊区蔬菜保护地土壤盐分动态研究[A].见:
谢建昌,等编,菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥[C].南京:海河大学出版社,1997,25-35.
刘广明,杨劲松.地下水作用条件土壤积盐规律研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1): 65-69.
刘宏斌,张云贵,李志宏,等.北京市平原农区深层地下水硝态氮污染状况研究[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(5):692-698.
刘鸿翔,王德禄,王守宇,孟凯,韩晓增,张璐,沈善敏.黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力质量变化Ⅲ.土壤养分收支[J].应用生态学报, 2002,13(11):1410-1412.
刘晓军,陈竹君,张英莉,周建斌.不同栽培年限日光温室土壤养分累积特性研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):287-289.
刘兆辉,江丽华,张文君,郑福丽,王梅,林海涛.山东省设施蔬菜施肥量演变及土壤养分变化规律[J].土壤学报,2008,45(2):396-303.
刘兆辉,聂燕,刘雅俐.山东省保护地土壤养分状况及施肥问题.见:曹志洪,等编.设施农业相关技术[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999273-278.
鲁如坤,刘鸿翔,闻大中,钦绳武,郑剑英,王周琼.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分
循环和平衡研究Ⅳ.农田养分平衡的评价方法和原则[J].土壤通报, 1996,27(5):197-199.
鲁如坤.土壤一植物营养学原理和施肥,第1版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998, 125-132.
吕福堂,司东霞.日光温室土壤盐分积累及离子组成变化的研究[J].土壤,2004,36 (2):208-210.
吕福堂,司东霞,张秀省.日光温室土壤盐分和养分的变化趋势[J].中国蔬菜,2004(3):14-16.
马朝红,方建坤.蔬菜土壤养分积累与环境风险[J].长江蔬菜,2000(12):43-45.
马茂桐,陈际型,谢建昌.我国菜园土壤养分状况与施肥[A].见:谢建昌,陈际型.
第八次钾素讨论会论文集一菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥.南京:河海大学出版社,1997, 25-33.
马文奇,毛达如,张福锁.山东省蔬菜大棚养分积累状况[J].磷肥与复肥,2000,15 (3):65-67.
孟鸿光,李中,刘乙俭,等.沈阳城郊温室土壤特性调查研究[J].土壤通报,2000,31(2):70-73.
孟鸿光,李中,刘乙俭等.沈阳城郊温室土壤特性调查研究[J].土壤通报,2000,31(2):70-72.
内海修一.保护地园艺—环境与作物生理[M],农业出版社,1984.
秦巧燕,贾陈忠,曲东,等.我国设施农业发展现状及施肥特点[J].湖北农学院学报,2002,22(4):373-376.
史桂芳,毕军,夏光利,等.保护地蔬菜土壤障碍指标界定及应用研究[J].耕作与栽培,2003(3):49-50.
矢吹万寿等,设施园艺学[M],朝昌书店,1987.
索东让.养分平衡及肥料利用率长期定位研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2008,23(4):65-69.
童有为,陈淡飞.温室土壤次生盐渍化的形成和治理途径研究[J].园艺学报,1991,18(2):159-162.
王辉,董元华,李德成,安琼.不同种植年限大棚蔬菜地土壤养分状况研究[J].土壤, 2005,37 (4):460-464.
王平,刘淑英.兰州安宁区蔬菜保护地土壤盐分的含量及其剖面分布规律[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1998,33(2):186-189.
王学军.日光温室土壤次生盐渍化分析[J].北方园艺,1998(3):12-13.
吴凤芝,刘德,王东凯,等.大棚蔬菜连作年限对土壤主要理化性状的影响[J].中国蔬菜,1998(4):5-8.
吴凤芝,孟立君,王学征.设施蔬菜轮作和连作土壤酶活性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):554-558.
吴礼树主编,土壤肥料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
吴忠红,周建斌.山西设施栽培条件下土壤理化性质的变化规律[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):136-140.
夏立忠,李忠佩,杨林章.大棚栽培番茄不同施肥条件下土壤养分和盐分组成与含量变化[J].土壤,2005,37(6):620-625.
夏立忠,杨林章,王德建.苏南设施栽培中旱作人为土养分与盐分状况的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2001(6):43-46,69.
肖千明,高秀兰,娄春荣.保护地蔬菜土壤肥料管理障碍因子及对策研究[A].见:辽宁土壤学会编.迈向21世纪的土壤科学[C].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1999,119-121.
肖千明,高秀兰,娄春荣,等.辽宁省保护地土壤肥力现状分析[A].见:谢建昌,
陈际型,等编著.菜园土壤肥力与蔬菜合理施肥[C].南京:河海大学出版社,1997,52-56.
徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,杜社妮,陈志杰.施肥对日光温室土壤硝酸盐分布特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(10):1762-1767.
徐仁扣,D R Coventry.某些农业措施对土壤酸化的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002, 2l(5):385-388.
薛继澄,李家金,毕德义,马爱军,程平娥.保护地栽培土壤硝酸盐积累对辣椒生长和锰含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(1):53-57.
杨丽娟,李天来,付时丰,等.长期施肥对菜田土壤微量元素有效性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(4):549-531.
余海英,李廷轩,周健民.典型设施栽培土壤盐分变化规律及潜在的环境效应研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):571-576.
余海英,李廷轩,周健民.设施土壤盐分的累积、迁移及离子组成变化特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):642-650.
余海英,李廷轩,张锡洲.温室栽培系统的养分平衡机土壤养分变化特征[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(3):514-522.
曾路生,高岩,李俊良,赵秀芬,崔德杰,隋方功,史衍玺.寿光大棚菜地酸化与土壤养分变化关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):157-161.
曾希柏,李莲芳,白玲玉,梅旭荣,杨佳波,胡留杰.山东寿光农业利用方式对土壤砷累积的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):310-316.
曾希柏,白玲玉,李莲芳,苏世鸣.山东寿光不同利用方式下农田土壤有机质和氮磷钾状况及其变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3377-3746.
曾希柏,白玲玉,李莲芳,苏世鸣.山东寿光不同种植年限设施土壤的酸化与盐渍化[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1853-1859.
张树清,张夫道,刘秀梅,等.规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):822-829.
张振华,姜冷若,胡永红.等设施栽培土壤养分、盐分调查分析及其调控技术[J].江苏农业科学,2003,(10):73-75.
赵风艳,吴凤芝,刘德等.大棚菜地土壤理化特性的研究[J].土壤肥料,2000,(2):11-13.
周建斌,翟丙年,陈竹君,等.西安市郊区日光温室大棚番茄施肥现状及土壤养分累积特性[J].土壤通报,2006,37(2):287-290.
周建斌,翟丙年,陈竹君,马爱生,尚浩博.设施栽培菜地土壤养分的空间累积及其潜在的环境效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):332-335.
周生路,陆春锋,万红友.苏南菜地土壤酸化特点及成因分析[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):69-72.
朱建华,李俊良,李晚林,等.几种复合肥施用对蔬菜保护地土壤环境质量的影响[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(1):5-8.
Chen Q, Zhang X S, Zhang H Y, Christie P, Li X L, Horlacher D, Liebig H P. Evaluation of current fertilizer p ractice and soil fertilizer in vegetable production in the Beijing region [J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 69 (1) : 51-58.
Cordovil C M d S, Cabral F, Coutinho J. Potential mineralization of nitrogen from organic wastes to ryegrass and wheat crops [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2007,(98): 3265-3268.
Ju X. T, Kou C. L, Christie P, et al. Changes in the soil environment from excessive app lication of fertilizers and manures to two contrastingintensive cropp ing systems onthe North China Plain [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2007,(145):497-506.
Pulgar G, Moreno D A, Víllora G, et al. Production and composition of Chinese cabbage under plastic rowcovers in southern Spain[J]. Hortic. Sci. Biotech,2001,76(6) : 608-611.
Wurr C E, Fellows J R. Leaf p roduction and curd initiation ofwinter cauliflower in response to temperature [J].Hortic.Sci.Biotech,1998,73(5):691-697.
Anthony YEO.Predting the interaction between the effects of salinity and climate change on crop plants[J].Sci.Hort.1999.78:159-174.
Huan H F, Zhou J M, Duan Z Q, Wang H Y, Gao Y F. Contribution of greenhouse soil nutrients accumulation to the formation of the secondary salinization: a case study of Yixing City,China [J].Agrochimica, 2007,51(4):207-221.
LiW Q, ZhangM,Van Der Zee S.Saltcontents in soils under plastic greenhouse gardening in China [J].PedospHere,2001,11(4):359-367. Malhia S S,Nyborg M,Harapiak J T. Effects of long-term N fertilizer-induced acidification and liming on micronutrients in soil and in bromegrass hay[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1998,48:91-100.
Moltay-I,Soyergin-S,Surmeli-N,Genc-C,Yurekturk-M,Abak-K(ed.).Buyukalaca-S.Determination of the nutrient status of greenhouse-grown cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) in the East Marmara region[J].Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cucurbits,Adana,Turkey,20-23 May 1997.Acta-Horticulturae,1999,492,237– 243.
Nicholson F A, Chambers, B J, Williams J R, et al. Heavy metal contents Nicholson F A, Chambers,B J,Williams J R, et al. Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales[J].Bioresour Technol,1999,(70):23-31.
Ohkuna.PHysieal and ehemieal ProPerties of solis for vine culture in greenhouse in Kagawa Prefeeture[J].Kagawa Ken Nogyoshikenjo Kenkyu Hokku,1973(23):7-43.
Rattan L. PHysical management of soil of the tropics: Priorities for the 21 st century[J]. Soil Sci.2000.165(3):191-207.
Rubeiz-IG.Maluf-S.Effect of intensively cropping greenhouses in semiarid regions on soil salinity and nitrogen fertilizer requirements of Cucumber [J]. Journal -of-Plant-Nutrition.1989,12(12):1467-1472.
ShiW M, Yao J, Yan F. Vegetable cultivation under greenhouse conditions leads to rapid accumulation of nutrients, acidification and salinity of soils and groundwater contamination in South Eastern China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2008,83(1):73-84.
Stigter T Y, Olijen S P J V, PostV E A, Appelo C A J,DillA M M C.A hydrogeological and hydrochemical explanation under irrigated land in a Mediterranean
environment,Algarve,Portugal[J].Journal of Hydrology (Amesterdam),1998,208:262-279. VerdonckO,Szmidt RAK.Compost specifications[J].Acta Horticulturae,1998,469:169-177.
Wang Z H, Li S X. Effects of N forms and rates on vegetable growth and nitrate accumulation [J].PedospHere,2003,13(4):309-316.
Yuan B Z, Sun J, Nishiyama S. Effect of drip irrigation on strawberry growth and yield inside a plastic greenhouse[J].Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(2):237-245.