虚拟现实技术辅助园林规划设计研究
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摘要
数字时代的到来,使城市规划设计、建筑设计和风景园林设计都发生了革命性的变化。计算机辅助设计已经深入到了设计过程的始终。计算机辅助设计给设计师带来了无穷想象力,同时设计师借助相关辅助设计软件推敲自己的作品,使之更加完美和合理。
虚拟现实(VR)技术也是一种计算机辅助技术,但它有别于一般的辅助技术。对于园林规划设计来说,其优势主要体现在辅助方案设计和强化方案表现上。在方案设计阶段运用VR技术,设计师的空间体验更具交互性和直观性,场景的真实性能尽可能地体现,给设计师提供了一个方案创作的新途径,使设计师能够自如地把握空间,科学地比较方案和权衡利弊,使方案设计更趋合理和完美。在园林规划设计的表现上,虚拟现实技术综合了过去多种表现形式的优势,具有形象性、生动性和真实性。方案决策者和公众可以通过虚拟现实演示系统深入到场景中,多角度、实时互动地来理解和感受设计师的设计意图,达到身临其境的感觉。本论文将深入研究这一技术在园林规划设计中的辅助设计作用,以及在实际操作中的应用模式。
本论文在第一章主要介绍了选题的依据、研究范围和方法以及技术路线等；第二章论述了数字时代园林规划设计的新变化和计算机辅助设计的相关内容；第三章主要叙述了虚拟现实技术的概念、理论以及运用；第四章从理论层面上探讨了虚拟现实技术辅助园林规划设计；第五章从实践层面上探讨了如何利用SketchUp和虚拟现实软件构建园林虚拟现实场景；第六章介绍了两个虚拟现实技术辅助园林规划设计的应用实例；最后一章总结了论文主要研究的内容和创新点,并展望其在园林规划设计中的运用前景。
Digital Age's arrival, caused the urban planning design, the architectural design and the landscape architecture design has had the revolutionary change. Computer-aided design has been gone deep into the design process from beginning to end. Computer-aided design gives the designers endless images, at the same time the designers are able to deliberate their works to be more perfect and reasonable with the help of computer-aided design.
Virtual Reality is also a kind of Computer-aided technology which is not alike other aided technology. regarding landscape architecture design, its advantage is mainly embodied in aided conceptual design and conceptual expression. Using VR at the process of conceptual designing, the experiencing of place will be more interactive and intuitional, the realness of place will be more embodiment as soon as possible. So it will give the designers a new path to create the concept, grasp the place, compare with different concepts, weigh the advantages and disadvantages, so the concepts will be more perfect and reasonable. At the experience of landscape architecture, the technology of VR synthesize many advantages of the old manifestations. It has the iconicity, the vitality and authentic. The decision maker and the public are able to done to scene, understand and sense the design purpose of the designers multiangly with the help of VS. this article will deep to study the aided effect when using this technology to landscape architecture, and the Operation Mode.
In the first chapter of this thesis introduces the according of selected topic, scope and methodology, and technical routes. The second chapter discusses the digital age changes in Landscape Planning and Design of the new computer-aided design, and related content. The third chapter describes the concept of VR technology, theory and the application. The fourth chapter discusses the aided landscape planning with the help of VR from the theoretical level; From the practical level, the fifth chapter discusses how to use SketchUp and virtual reality software to build the virtual reality scene. ChapterⅥdescribes the technical assistance of two VR Application Architecture Design. The last chapter summarize the content and innovation of the disquisition, and also view the future of VR technology used in landscape architecture design
虚拟现实(VR)技术也是一种计算机辅助技术,但它有别于一般的辅助技术。对于园林规划设计来说,其优势主要体现在辅助方案设计和强化方案表现上。在方案设计阶段运用VR技术,设计师的空间体验更具交互性和直观性,场景的真实性能尽可能地体现,给设计师提供了一个方案创作的新途径,使设计师能够自如地把握空间,科学地比较方案和权衡利弊,使方案设计更趋合理和完美。在园林规划设计的表现上,虚拟现实技术综合了过去多种表现形式的优势,具有形象性、生动性和真实性。方案决策者和公众可以通过虚拟现实演示系统深入到场景中,多角度、实时互动地来理解和感受设计师的设计意图,达到身临其境的感觉。本论文将深入研究这一技术在园林规划设计中的辅助设计作用,以及在实际操作中的应用模式。
本论文在第一章主要介绍了选题的依据、研究范围和方法以及技术路线等；第二章论述了数字时代园林规划设计的新变化和计算机辅助设计的相关内容；第三章主要叙述了虚拟现实技术的概念、理论以及运用；第四章从理论层面上探讨了虚拟现实技术辅助园林规划设计；第五章从实践层面上探讨了如何利用SketchUp和虚拟现实软件构建园林虚拟现实场景；第六章介绍了两个虚拟现实技术辅助园林规划设计的应用实例；最后一章总结了论文主要研究的内容和创新点,并展望其在园林规划设计中的运用前景。
Digital Age's arrival, caused the urban planning design, the architectural design and the landscape architecture design has had the revolutionary change. Computer-aided design has been gone deep into the design process from beginning to end. Computer-aided design gives the designers endless images, at the same time the designers are able to deliberate their works to be more perfect and reasonable with the help of computer-aided design.
Virtual Reality is also a kind of Computer-aided technology which is not alike other aided technology. regarding landscape architecture design, its advantage is mainly embodied in aided conceptual design and conceptual expression. Using VR at the process of conceptual designing, the experiencing of place will be more interactive and intuitional, the realness of place will be more embodiment as soon as possible. So it will give the designers a new path to create the concept, grasp the place, compare with different concepts, weigh the advantages and disadvantages, so the concepts will be more perfect and reasonable. At the experience of landscape architecture, the technology of VR synthesize many advantages of the old manifestations. It has the iconicity, the vitality and authentic. The decision maker and the public are able to done to scene, understand and sense the design purpose of the designers multiangly with the help of VS. this article will deep to study the aided effect when using this technology to landscape architecture, and the Operation Mode.
In the first chapter of this thesis introduces the according of selected topic, scope and methodology, and technical routes. The second chapter discusses the digital age changes in Landscape Planning and Design of the new computer-aided design, and related content. The third chapter describes the concept of VR technology, theory and the application. The fourth chapter discusses the aided landscape planning with the help of VR from the theoretical level; From the practical level, the fifth chapter discusses how to use SketchUp and virtual reality software to build the virtual reality scene. ChapterⅥdescribes the technical assistance of two VR Application Architecture Design. The last chapter summarize the content and innovation of the disquisition, and also view the future of VR technology used in landscape architecture design
引文
[1]严军,杨毅强.计算机辅助园林设计[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2005
[2]胡晓强.虚拟现实技术基础与应用[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2009
[3]黄涛.VRML虚拟建筑——原理.工具.方法[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[4]金云峰.风景园林专业教育发展与趋势[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007
[5]黄心渊,翟海娟,杨刚等.园林计算机辅助设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[6]鲁英灿.设计大师SketchUp入门[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[7]鲁英灿.设计大师SketchUp提高[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[8]申蔚,曾文琪.虚拟现实技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[9]刘光然,张丽霞.虚拟现实技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2010
[10]李勋祥.虚拟现实技术与艺术[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2007
[11]唐特.基于Quest3D平台的虚拟现实技术在园林中的开发与利用[D].硕士学位论文.青岛：青岛农业大学,2010
[12]苏同向.虚拟现实技术在风景园林设计中的运用[D]硕士学位论文.南京：南京林业大学,2006
[13]Burdea, Girgore. Coffet, Philippe, jt. Auth. Virtual reality technology [M]. New York:J, Wiley&sons,1994
[14]Earnshaw, R.A. Virtual reality systems. London [M]:Acdemic Pr,1993
[15]国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)(国发[2005]第044号)[Z],2005
[16]中视典数字科技有限公司网站[EB/OL]. http://www.vrp3d.com
[17]伟景行科技集团网站[EB/OL].http://www.gvitech.com
[18]北京黎明视景公司网站[EB/OL].http://www.pcvr.com.cn
[19]Virtual Reality虚拟现实,水晶石公司宣传册
[20]北京水晶石数字科技股份有限公司网站[EB/OL].http://www.crystalcg.com
[21]上海曼恒数字技术有限公司网站[EB/OL].http://www.gdi.com.cn
[22]陈庆华.城市景观虚拟现实应用研究[D]硕士学位论文.吉林：吉林大学,2005
[23]王洪.基于虚拟现实的三维漫游技术研究与实践[D]硕士学位论文.成都：电子科技大学,2004
[24]曾峻峰,邱翠菊.虚拟现实技术在园林设计方面的应用[J].中国园林,2004
[25]李国松,杨柳青.虚拟现实技术在风景园林规划与设计中的应用研究——几种常见虚拟现实技术的应用评价分析[J].中国园林,2008
[26]郭轶,陈岱林,张雷,叶敏青.基于虚拟现实的三维园林景观设计仿真系统[J].计算机仿真,2009
[27]赵兵,韦薇,李红宇.虚拟现实技术在风景园林教学中的应用[J].中国林业教育,2009
[28]文铮.虚拟现实技术在景观设计教学中的应用前景[J].中外建筑,2006
[29]陈芳达世博虚拟现实[EB/OL].上海市浦东科技信息中心网站,2010
[30]武汉渲影项目推介PPT
[31]曲娟,张剑,付晓云.城市公园规划设计与公众参与[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005
[32]杨葳,梁伊任.基于GIS的园林规划设计方法的革新[J].中国园林,2003
[33]石伟.ArcGIS地理信息系统详解[M].北京：科学出版社,2009
[34]聚光数码科技VRay for SketchUp从入门到高级实例详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[35]兰冬梅,马银平,彭声泽.虚拟现实技术在园林景观设计中的应用[J].现代农业科技,2009
[36]姜雪伟,孙晓鹏,王鹏杰.虚拟交互漫游系统关键技术研究与实现[J].大连民族学院学报,2009
[37]SketchUp模型库网站[EB/OL].sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/
[38]东南大学建筑设计院网站[EB/OL]. adri.seu.edu.cn
[39]SketchUp论坛[EB/OL].www.sketchupbbs.com
[40]邢黎峰.园林计算机辅助设计教程[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[41]江婷.园林景观虚拟现实中的树木建模技术[J].中国高新技术企业,2008
[42](美)欧文,哈斯布鲁克,杜鹏飞,孙傅译.景观建模：景观可视化的数字技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[43]龙季康3ds max6建筑动画风暴[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
[44]Lumion3D网站[EB/OL].www.lumion3D. com
[45]南京林业大学网站[EB/OL]. www.njfli.edu.cn
[46]渲影烘焙巨匠网页[EB/OL].www.speedradiosity.com
[47]网上世博会网站[EB/OL].www.expo2010.cn
[48]动漫嬉戏谷网站rEB/OL].joyland.ccjoy.com/joylandweb
[49]三维南京网站[EB/OL].www.3dnanjing.com
[50]Honjo, Tsuyoshi, Lim. Visualization of landscape by VRML system[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001(3):175-183.
[51]Ilona Heldal. Supporting participation in planning new roads by using virtual reality systems[J]. Virtual Reality,2007(11), 145-159
[52]Thomas, Bruce H. What wearable augmented reality can do for you[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2009(2):8-11
[53]Lim, En-Mi. Three-dimensional visualization forest of landscapes by VRML[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003(3):175-186
[54]Parke, Frederic I. Lower cost spatially immersive visualization for human environments[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2005(2),234-243
[55]卫涛,王松,陈劢.建筑草图大师SketchUp效果图设计流程详解[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2006
[56]薛亚婷.基于Google Earth及KML的数字校园设计与实现方法研究[D]硕士学位论文.兰州：兰州大学,2007
[57]王强.基于Google Earth平台的数字旅游应用研究[D]硕士学位论文.北京：北京林业大学,2007
[58]邵欣欣.三维视景技术在城市水环境仿真中的应用研究[D]硕士学位论文.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2005
[2]胡晓强.虚拟现实技术基础与应用[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2009
[3]黄涛.VRML虚拟建筑——原理.工具.方法[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[4]金云峰.风景园林专业教育发展与趋势[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007
[5]黄心渊,翟海娟,杨刚等.园林计算机辅助设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[6]鲁英灿.设计大师SketchUp入门[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[7]鲁英灿.设计大师SketchUp提高[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[8]申蔚,曾文琪.虚拟现实技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[9]刘光然,张丽霞.虚拟现实技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2010
[10]李勋祥.虚拟现实技术与艺术[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2007
[11]唐特.基于Quest3D平台的虚拟现实技术在园林中的开发与利用[D].硕士学位论文.青岛：青岛农业大学,2010
[12]苏同向.虚拟现实技术在风景园林设计中的运用[D]硕士学位论文.南京：南京林业大学,2006
[13]Burdea, Girgore. Coffet, Philippe, jt. Auth. Virtual reality technology [M]. New York:J, Wiley&sons,1994
[14]Earnshaw, R.A. Virtual reality systems. London [M]:Acdemic Pr,1993
[15]国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)(国发[2005]第044号)[Z],2005
[16]中视典数字科技有限公司网站[EB/OL]. http://www.vrp3d.com
[17]伟景行科技集团网站[EB/OL].http://www.gvitech.com
[18]北京黎明视景公司网站[EB/OL].http://www.pcvr.com.cn
[19]Virtual Reality虚拟现实,水晶石公司宣传册
[20]北京水晶石数字科技股份有限公司网站[EB/OL].http://www.crystalcg.com
[21]上海曼恒数字技术有限公司网站[EB/OL].http://www.gdi.com.cn
[22]陈庆华.城市景观虚拟现实应用研究[D]硕士学位论文.吉林：吉林大学,2005
[23]王洪.基于虚拟现实的三维漫游技术研究与实践[D]硕士学位论文.成都：电子科技大学,2004
[24]曾峻峰,邱翠菊.虚拟现实技术在园林设计方面的应用[J].中国园林,2004
[25]李国松,杨柳青.虚拟现实技术在风景园林规划与设计中的应用研究——几种常见虚拟现实技术的应用评价分析[J].中国园林,2008
[26]郭轶,陈岱林,张雷,叶敏青.基于虚拟现实的三维园林景观设计仿真系统[J].计算机仿真,2009
[27]赵兵,韦薇,李红宇.虚拟现实技术在风景园林教学中的应用[J].中国林业教育,2009
[28]文铮.虚拟现实技术在景观设计教学中的应用前景[J].中外建筑,2006
[29]陈芳达世博虚拟现实[EB/OL].上海市浦东科技信息中心网站,2010
[30]武汉渲影项目推介PPT
[31]曲娟,张剑,付晓云.城市公园规划设计与公众参与[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005
[32]杨葳,梁伊任.基于GIS的园林规划设计方法的革新[J].中国园林,2003
[33]石伟.ArcGIS地理信息系统详解[M].北京：科学出版社,2009
[34]聚光数码科技VRay for SketchUp从入门到高级实例详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[35]兰冬梅,马银平,彭声泽.虚拟现实技术在园林景观设计中的应用[J].现代农业科技,2009
[36]姜雪伟,孙晓鹏,王鹏杰.虚拟交互漫游系统关键技术研究与实现[J].大连民族学院学报,2009
[37]SketchUp模型库网站[EB/OL].sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/
[38]东南大学建筑设计院网站[EB/OL]. adri.seu.edu.cn
[39]SketchUp论坛[EB/OL].www.sketchupbbs.com
[40]邢黎峰.园林计算机辅助设计教程[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[41]江婷.园林景观虚拟现实中的树木建模技术[J].中国高新技术企业,2008
[42](美)欧文,哈斯布鲁克,杜鹏飞,孙傅译.景观建模：景观可视化的数字技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[43]龙季康3ds max6建筑动画风暴[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
[44]Lumion3D网站[EB/OL].www.lumion3D. com
[45]南京林业大学网站[EB/OL]. www.njfli.edu.cn
[46]渲影烘焙巨匠网页[EB/OL].www.speedradiosity.com
[47]网上世博会网站[EB/OL].www.expo2010.cn
[48]动漫嬉戏谷网站rEB/OL].joyland.ccjoy.com/joylandweb
[49]三维南京网站[EB/OL].www.3dnanjing.com
[50]Honjo, Tsuyoshi, Lim. Visualization of landscape by VRML system[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001(3):175-183.
[51]Ilona Heldal. Supporting participation in planning new roads by using virtual reality systems[J]. Virtual Reality,2007(11), 145-159
[52]Thomas, Bruce H. What wearable augmented reality can do for you[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2009(2):8-11
[53]Lim, En-Mi. Three-dimensional visualization forest of landscapes by VRML[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003(3):175-186
[54]Parke, Frederic I. Lower cost spatially immersive visualization for human environments[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2005(2),234-243
[55]卫涛,王松,陈劢.建筑草图大师SketchUp效果图设计流程详解[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2006
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