小波变换在数字视频图像压缩编码中的应用
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摘要
在傅立叶分析基础上发展起来的小波技术,提供了一种自适应的时域和频域同时局部化的分析方法。通过伸缩和平移等运算功能进行多尺度细化分析,能够有效地从信号特别是非平稳信号中提取信息。因此,小波技术成为数字图像处理及压缩编码的有力工具,也是近年来研究的热点。
本文首先对数字图像压缩的必要性和可行性进行了分析,并对传统压缩编码方法进行了比较和综述。在简要介绍小波变换与时-频分析后,较详细地阐述了二维小波分析和二维图像的多分辨率分析,并对数字图像压缩中小波基的选择问题进行了深入的探讨,其中包括小波基的性能分析和评价小波基的标准。本文的重点是小波变换在数字图像压缩中的算法研究,因此对嵌入式零树小波编码进行了深入的研究,并给出了试验结果。
本文设计了一种基于子块运动补偿的小波视频图像压缩方案,把多子块运动矢量的快速计算方法运用到空间域运动补偿中,使帧间差值图像主要集中在低频分量上,而高频子带将出现更多的零。这样,使用嵌入式零树小波编码来对帧间差值图像进行编码,可以实现视频图像的高效压缩,在解码时又可以得到良好的视频效果。实验结果表明,这是一种可行有效的方法。
最后,本文对构成实时视频压缩系统的五个单元进行了芯片选型和设计;对压缩系统的软件进行了设计;给出了以专用图像处理芯片ADV601LC为核心的实时视频压缩系统的设计方案。系统很好地完成了视频图像的实时压缩,且压缩比高、重建图像质量好。
The wavelet technology, which developed on the base of Fourier analysis,offers a self-adaptive localization analysis method for a given signal in bothtime domain and frequency domain. Through extension and translationoptions and multi-scale analysis, it can extract helpful signal informationeffectively from signal, special no steady signal, so wavelet technology hasbecome a powerful tool for digital image processing and compression and hasbeen hot point studied in recent years.
This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility for images compressionat first, and then makes a comparison and summarization for the traditionalcompression methods. The paper introduces simply wavelet transform andtime-frequency analysis, elaborates 2-D wavelet transform and 2-D imagemulti-resolution analysis in detail, and makes some discussions on the waveletbases selection in digital image compression, which includes the performanceanalysis and evaluation criteria of wavelet bases. The paper studies thoroughlyembedded zero tree wavelet coding which is very important in digital imagecompression coding methods, and displays the experiment results.
This paper designs the wavelet video image compressing system basedon sub-block motion compensation. The fast searching method ofmulti-sub-block motion vector is used in space-domain motion compensation,so the luminance images between frames concentrate mainly on low frequencyand a lot of zeros appear on high frequency. Embedded zero tree wavelettransform encodes the luminance images between frames, so it can realize theefficient compensation of video image and get the good visual results indecoding image. The experiment results show that it is a feasible and efficientmethod.
At last, the selection of chips and designs structures for the five units
which composite the real-time video compression system are designed, andthe software design for the compression system is also presented. The designscheme for real-time video compression system based on the special imageprocessing chip—ADV601LC is described. So the system can finish real-timevideo compression well and compression rate is high and the reconstructionimage is clear.
本文首先对数字图像压缩的必要性和可行性进行了分析,并对传统压缩编码方法进行了比较和综述。在简要介绍小波变换与时-频分析后,较详细地阐述了二维小波分析和二维图像的多分辨率分析,并对数字图像压缩中小波基的选择问题进行了深入的探讨,其中包括小波基的性能分析和评价小波基的标准。本文的重点是小波变换在数字图像压缩中的算法研究,因此对嵌入式零树小波编码进行了深入的研究,并给出了试验结果。
本文设计了一种基于子块运动补偿的小波视频图像压缩方案,把多子块运动矢量的快速计算方法运用到空间域运动补偿中,使帧间差值图像主要集中在低频分量上,而高频子带将出现更多的零。这样,使用嵌入式零树小波编码来对帧间差值图像进行编码,可以实现视频图像的高效压缩,在解码时又可以得到良好的视频效果。实验结果表明,这是一种可行有效的方法。
最后,本文对构成实时视频压缩系统的五个单元进行了芯片选型和设计;对压缩系统的软件进行了设计;给出了以专用图像处理芯片ADV601LC为核心的实时视频压缩系统的设计方案。系统很好地完成了视频图像的实时压缩,且压缩比高、重建图像质量好。
The wavelet technology, which developed on the base of Fourier analysis,offers a self-adaptive localization analysis method for a given signal in bothtime domain and frequency domain. Through extension and translationoptions and multi-scale analysis, it can extract helpful signal informationeffectively from signal, special no steady signal, so wavelet technology hasbecome a powerful tool for digital image processing and compression and hasbeen hot point studied in recent years.
This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility for images compressionat first, and then makes a comparison and summarization for the traditionalcompression methods. The paper introduces simply wavelet transform andtime-frequency analysis, elaborates 2-D wavelet transform and 2-D imagemulti-resolution analysis in detail, and makes some discussions on the waveletbases selection in digital image compression, which includes the performanceanalysis and evaluation criteria of wavelet bases. The paper studies thoroughlyembedded zero tree wavelet coding which is very important in digital imagecompression coding methods, and displays the experiment results.
This paper designs the wavelet video image compressing system basedon sub-block motion compensation. The fast searching method ofmulti-sub-block motion vector is used in space-domain motion compensation,so the luminance images between frames concentrate mainly on low frequencyand a lot of zeros appear on high frequency. Embedded zero tree wavelettransform encodes the luminance images between frames, so it can realize theefficient compensation of video image and get the good visual results indecoding image. The experiment results show that it is a feasible and efficientmethod.
At last, the selection of chips and designs structures for the five units
which composite the real-time video compression system are designed, andthe software design for the compression system is also presented. The designscheme for real-time video compression system based on the special imageprocessing chip—ADV601LC is described. So the system can finish real-timevideo compression well and compression rate is high and the reconstructionimage is clear.
引文
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27 J. H. Liu, H. M. Gu. Image Retrieval in Various Domains. IEEE Trans. on Computers and Graphics,2003,27(5):807-812
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36 W. C. Huang, L. W. Chang. Predictive Subband Image Coding with Wavelet Transform. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication,1998,13(3): 171-181
37 周建鹏,杨义先.基于小波分析的静止图像分层编码方法.电子学报,1998,26(1): 20-23
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2 黄贤武,等.数字图像处理与压缩编码技术.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2000:1-3
3 朱秀昌,刘峰,胡栋.数字图像处理与图像通信.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002: 137-256
4 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会.图像通信技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:194-278
5 高文.多媒体数据压缩技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1994:37-45
6 刘榴嫡 , 刘明奇 , 党长民 .实用数字图像处理 .北京 :北京邮电大学出版社,2001:161-170
7 余松煜,张文军,孙军.现代图像信息压缩技术.北京:科学出版社,1998:13-104
8 廖天康,苏彦锋.基于图像内容和人眼视觉特性的 JPEG 压缩编码.系统工程与电子技术,2002,24(2):93-95,102
9 R. Wai-Shan Chan, P. Goldsmith. Modeling and Validation of a Psycho Visually Based Image Quality Evaluator for DCT-Based Compression. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication,2002,17(6):485-495
10 胡南钟.人眼动态视觉特性分析.上海大学学报(自然科学版),1995,1(2):212-217
11 G. A. Triantafyllidis, M. Varnuska, D. Sampson et al. An Efficient Algorithm for the Enhancement of JPEG-Coded Images. Computer & Graphics,2003,27(4):529-534
12 C. Y. Wang, S. M. Lee, L. W. Chang. Designing JPEG Quantization Tables Based on Human Visual System. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication, 2001,17(5):501-506
13 薛永林,刘珂.并行处理 JPEG 算法的优化.电子学报,2002,30(2):160-162
14 Kenneth R Castleman. Digital Image Processing,2001,5:374-384
15 张小娣,等.新一代的静止图像压缩标准 JPEG2000.电信科学,2001,5(1):78-82
16 刘毓敏.数字视音频技术与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:100-121 144-193
17 刘宪坤.MPEG1 视频压缩技术.电子世界,1998,(11):6-10
18 刘宪坤.MPEG2 视频压缩技术.电子世界,1998,(12):8-13
19 Y. W. Lee, F. Kossentini, R. Ward et al. Towards MPEG4: An Improved H.263-Based Video Coder. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication,1997,10 (1-3):143-158
20 田毅珂,卢朝阳,高西全.Mpeg4 视频标准及其关键算法.现代电子技术,2002,(1): 38-41
21 袁炜,朱光喜.视频对象编码中初始搜索点的预测算法研究.华中科技大学学报, 2001,29(11):58-60
22 K. C. Hui, W. C. Siu, Y. L. Chan. Fast Motion Estimation of Arbitrarily Sh-aped Video Objects in MPEG-4. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication,2003,18(1):33-50
23 林耀荣,闵锐.基于图像内容的视频压缩方法.计算机工程与应用,2003,39(6):59-61
24 卢官明.基于内容的多媒体信息检索与 MPEG7 标准.计算机应用,2000,20(5):11-13
25 吕美荣,冯驰.图像压缩—从 DCT 到小波变换.应用科技,2001,28(2):19-20,18
26 王江晴.基于变换的图像压缩方法的特性分析.中南民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2001,20(2):1-4
27 J. H. Liu, H. M. Gu. Image Retrieval in Various Domains. IEEE Trans. on Computers and Graphics,2003,27(5):807-812
28 张宗平,刘贵忠.基于小波的视频图像压缩研究进展.电子学报,2002,30(6):884-889
29 S. Mallat. A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing [M]. Boston: Academic Press, 1998
30 阮涛,刘正林,周纯杰,等.小波多尺度分解的图像数据压缩方法.华中理工大学学报,1999,27(8):66-68
31 D. Mape, H. L. Cycon. Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding Using Wavelet-Based Techniques. IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Tech,1999,9(1):85-94
32 C. W. Kim, W. L. Choong. Image Compression Through Projection of Wavelet Coefficients. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication,1998,11(3): 199-204
33 陈武凡.小波分析及其在图像处理中的应用.北京:科学出版社,2002:121-151
34 M. K. Mandal, S. Panchanathan. Video Segmentation in the Wavelet Compressed Domain. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation,2001, 12(1):17-28
35 J. A. Garcia, R. Rodriguez-Sánchez, J. Fdez-Valdivia et al. Rate Control Opti-mization in Embedded Wavelet Coding. Pattern Recognition Letters,2003,24(9-10):1479-1497
36 W. C. Huang, L. W. Chang. Predictive Subband Image Coding with Wavelet Transform. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing: Image Communication,1998,13(3): 171-181
37 周建鹏,杨义先.基于小波分析的静止图像分层编码方法.电子学报,1998,26(1): 20-23
38 赵松年,熊小芸.子波变换与子波分析.北京:电子工业出版社,1997:1-86
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