高精度A稳定电力系统暂态稳定计算方法研究及应用
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摘要
随着特高压直流输电工程和特高压交流系统不断竣工联网,我国电网已经进入了大规模互联时代。伴随电网规模的逐渐扩大,电网稳定问题也越来越严重。近年来多起大范围停电事故为人们敲响了警钟。自高阶Taylor级数法应用于电力系统暂态稳定计算以来,对于基于Taylor级数法的暂态稳定性算法研究一直没有中断过。本文分析研究了近年来Taylor级数法在电力系统中的应用,从Taylor级数法的稳定性、计算精度和计算速度等方面,提出了具有高精度A稳定性的隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法。
研究表明,显式Taylor级数法计算精度决定于其展开阶数,但是稳定性较差；隐式Taylor级数法稳定性较好,其计算精度与显式Taylor级数法相同。为了提高隐式Taylor级数法的数值稳定性和计算精度,分析了其稳定性与计算精度与展开阶数之间的关系,对原有算法进行改进。通过调谐隐式Taylor级数法的系数,得到了具有高精度A稳定的隐式调谐Taylor级数法。该方法当Taylor级数展开的阶数为N阶时,既是A稳定的,同时将计算精度由原来的N阶提高到2N阶。
为了提高隐式调谐Taylor级数方法的计算速度,对变步长理论进行了深入研究。高精度A稳定隐式Taylor级数法在实现时有其自身特点,即在求解等式右端UK+1(0)的值时需要采用“预估”的方法,然后才能利用UK+1(0),的值“校正”得到UK+1(0)的值,而“预估”计算方法的精度远低于“校正”方法的精度。通过分析数值计算方法的截断误差与计算步长的关系以及截断误差和步长随时间的变化关系,并针对算法实现时的特点,采用“校正”值与“预估”值之差去“估计”该方法的截断误差,从而实现变步长方法。该方法的优点是充分利用隐式调谐Taylor级数法的特点,避免了为实现变步长而额外增加很多计算量。
对电力系统图形建模技术和信息共享技术进行了研究。深入分析IEC61970中的通用信息模型(CIM, Common Information Model)技术和W3C提出的可缩放矢量图形(SVG, Scalable Vector Graphics)技术,在此基础上对电力系统图形系统进行建模,提出了以数据库为核心的“全息”建模技术,即将电力系统中图元数据与对应图形数据均存储在数据库中。该方法可以方便实现数据共享。
对基于Oracle数据库的快速存取技术进行了研究。通过分析Oracle数据库常用的数据库访问方法ADO、DAO、ODB的优缺点,引入OCI技术,以实现快速读写。对于数据库读取操作,采用数组预先绑定的方法；对于数据库写入操作采用直接路径加载方法。有效地提高了数据库的读写效率,提高了电力系统计算软件的计算速度。
利用编制的暂态稳定计算软件通过2机5节点系统和某省网72机系统分别对隐式调谐Taylor级数法和隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明隐式调谐Taylor级数法和隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法在保证计算稳定性的基础上,有效地提高了计算的精度；两种方法都有良好的计算稳定性,并且都可用于中长期仿真计算；隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法可以极大地减少因采用步长动态控制技术而额外增加的计算量,有效地提高了仿真计算的效率。
With the completion of HVDC transmission projects and HVAC system,the format of China's ultra-large-scale interconnected power system is gradually formed. With the scale of the grid gradually expands, the power system stability problem is getting worse. In recent years, many large-scale blackout accidents shock us. Since the high-order Taylor series method is applied to determine the transient stability of power systems, the transient stability algorithm research that bases on the Taylor series has intensive study. This paper analyzes most recent studies in the application of Taylor series method in power system. Aim to the stability, accuracy and computational speed of Taylor series method, this paper studies the implicit Taylor algorithm which not only has the high precision but also is A stable.
Research shows that the calculate accuracy of explicit Taylor series method is higher while the stability is poorer; the stability of the implicit Taylor series method is better, but the calculate accuracy is poor. In order to improve the numerical stability and accuracy of high-order Taylor series method, we research in the original implicit Taylor series method to study the regulation of its stability and accuracy. In order to improve the implicit Taylor series method numerical stability and can't reduce the calculation precision, a new method that setting the proper values of the parameters is put forward. The method can not only keep the implicit higher-order Taylor series method A stable but also keep the calculation precision reach2N order when the Taylor's expansion reaches N order.
In order to improve the calculation speed of implicit tuned Taylor series method, variable step method is used. Implicit tuned Taylor series method has its own characteristics, that is, we should take the prospect approach to calculate the value Uk+1(0) of K+1in the right side of the equation. And then we can get the value of Uk+1(1) when taking advantage of the value of Uk+1(0) to correct it. The accuracy of the calculation method is much lower than the correct method. We achieve the variable step size method by analyzing the relationship between the truncation error of numerical method and the calculation of step and the relationship between truncation error and the step changes with time, focusing on characteristics of achieving the algorithm to estimate the truncation error of the method based on the difference of a "correct" value and "prospect" value. The advantage of this method is making full use of the characteristics of high-precision A stable implicit Taylor series method to design, and avoiding the extra massive calculation for implementing variable step in the process.
During the process of programming the power system software, the graphics modeling technology and information sharing technologies are studied. Analysis the Common Information Model (CIM, Common Information Model) technology in IEC61970and the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) technology which came up by W3C. Put forward "holographic" modeling technology that regard the database as the core, and build models of the power system and the graphics system. This method stores the model data of power system and the corresponding graphic data in the database. The method can easily achieve data sharing.
This paper studied the quick access technology based on Oracle database. Making researches in commonly used database access methods such as ADO, DAO and ODBC of Oracle database. Applying the OCI database technology in power systems to achieve quickly read and store. As for the database read operation, we use of an array bound read methods; as for database write operations, we use a direct path load method. After taking these two methods, the efficiency of the database to read and write and the calculation speed of power system computation software have been effectively improved.
Take the2machines5buses system and a provincial network of72machine systems as examples to validate the implicit tuned Taylor series method and the implicit tuned variable step Taylor series method,using the programming software. The simulation results show that implicit tuned Taylor series method and implicit tuned variable stepaylor series method improve the accuracy of the calculation effectively besides ensure the stability of calculation; two methods has good adaptability, and can be used for long-term simulation; Implicit tuned variable step Taylor series method can at almost no additional calculation based on the dynamic control simulation step length, effectively improve the efficiency of the simulation computation.
研究表明,显式Taylor级数法计算精度决定于其展开阶数,但是稳定性较差；隐式Taylor级数法稳定性较好,其计算精度与显式Taylor级数法相同。为了提高隐式Taylor级数法的数值稳定性和计算精度,分析了其稳定性与计算精度与展开阶数之间的关系,对原有算法进行改进。通过调谐隐式Taylor级数法的系数,得到了具有高精度A稳定的隐式调谐Taylor级数法。该方法当Taylor级数展开的阶数为N阶时,既是A稳定的,同时将计算精度由原来的N阶提高到2N阶。
为了提高隐式调谐Taylor级数方法的计算速度,对变步长理论进行了深入研究。高精度A稳定隐式Taylor级数法在实现时有其自身特点,即在求解等式右端UK+1(0)的值时需要采用“预估”的方法,然后才能利用UK+1(0),的值“校正”得到UK+1(0)的值,而“预估”计算方法的精度远低于“校正”方法的精度。通过分析数值计算方法的截断误差与计算步长的关系以及截断误差和步长随时间的变化关系,并针对算法实现时的特点,采用“校正”值与“预估”值之差去“估计”该方法的截断误差,从而实现变步长方法。该方法的优点是充分利用隐式调谐Taylor级数法的特点,避免了为实现变步长而额外增加很多计算量。
对电力系统图形建模技术和信息共享技术进行了研究。深入分析IEC61970中的通用信息模型(CIM, Common Information Model)技术和W3C提出的可缩放矢量图形(SVG, Scalable Vector Graphics)技术,在此基础上对电力系统图形系统进行建模,提出了以数据库为核心的“全息”建模技术,即将电力系统中图元数据与对应图形数据均存储在数据库中。该方法可以方便实现数据共享。
对基于Oracle数据库的快速存取技术进行了研究。通过分析Oracle数据库常用的数据库访问方法ADO、DAO、ODB的优缺点,引入OCI技术,以实现快速读写。对于数据库读取操作,采用数组预先绑定的方法；对于数据库写入操作采用直接路径加载方法。有效地提高了数据库的读写效率,提高了电力系统计算软件的计算速度。
利用编制的暂态稳定计算软件通过2机5节点系统和某省网72机系统分别对隐式调谐Taylor级数法和隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明隐式调谐Taylor级数法和隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法在保证计算稳定性的基础上,有效地提高了计算的精度；两种方法都有良好的计算稳定性,并且都可用于中长期仿真计算；隐式调谐变步长Taylor级数法可以极大地减少因采用步长动态控制技术而额外增加的计算量,有效地提高了仿真计算的效率。
With the completion of HVDC transmission projects and HVAC system,the format of China's ultra-large-scale interconnected power system is gradually formed. With the scale of the grid gradually expands, the power system stability problem is getting worse. In recent years, many large-scale blackout accidents shock us. Since the high-order Taylor series method is applied to determine the transient stability of power systems, the transient stability algorithm research that bases on the Taylor series has intensive study. This paper analyzes most recent studies in the application of Taylor series method in power system. Aim to the stability, accuracy and computational speed of Taylor series method, this paper studies the implicit Taylor algorithm which not only has the high precision but also is A stable.
Research shows that the calculate accuracy of explicit Taylor series method is higher while the stability is poorer; the stability of the implicit Taylor series method is better, but the calculate accuracy is poor. In order to improve the numerical stability and accuracy of high-order Taylor series method, we research in the original implicit Taylor series method to study the regulation of its stability and accuracy. In order to improve the implicit Taylor series method numerical stability and can't reduce the calculation precision, a new method that setting the proper values of the parameters is put forward. The method can not only keep the implicit higher-order Taylor series method A stable but also keep the calculation precision reach2N order when the Taylor's expansion reaches N order.
In order to improve the calculation speed of implicit tuned Taylor series method, variable step method is used. Implicit tuned Taylor series method has its own characteristics, that is, we should take the prospect approach to calculate the value Uk+1(0) of K+1in the right side of the equation. And then we can get the value of Uk+1(1) when taking advantage of the value of Uk+1(0) to correct it. The accuracy of the calculation method is much lower than the correct method. We achieve the variable step size method by analyzing the relationship between the truncation error of numerical method and the calculation of step and the relationship between truncation error and the step changes with time, focusing on characteristics of achieving the algorithm to estimate the truncation error of the method based on the difference of a "correct" value and "prospect" value. The advantage of this method is making full use of the characteristics of high-precision A stable implicit Taylor series method to design, and avoiding the extra massive calculation for implementing variable step in the process.
During the process of programming the power system software, the graphics modeling technology and information sharing technologies are studied. Analysis the Common Information Model (CIM, Common Information Model) technology in IEC61970and the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) technology which came up by W3C. Put forward "holographic" modeling technology that regard the database as the core, and build models of the power system and the graphics system. This method stores the model data of power system and the corresponding graphic data in the database. The method can easily achieve data sharing.
This paper studied the quick access technology based on Oracle database. Making researches in commonly used database access methods such as ADO, DAO and ODBC of Oracle database. Applying the OCI database technology in power systems to achieve quickly read and store. As for the database read operation, we use of an array bound read methods; as for database write operations, we use a direct path load method. After taking these two methods, the efficiency of the database to read and write and the calculation speed of power system computation software have been effectively improved.
Take the2machines5buses system and a provincial network of72machine systems as examples to validate the implicit tuned Taylor series method and the implicit tuned variable step Taylor series method,using the programming software. The simulation results show that implicit tuned Taylor series method and implicit tuned variable stepaylor series method improve the accuracy of the calculation effectively besides ensure the stability of calculation; two methods has good adaptability, and can be used for long-term simulation; Implicit tuned variable step Taylor series method can at almost no additional calculation based on the dynamic control simulation step length, effectively improve the efficiency of the simulation computation.
引文
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