汽车桥壳参数化设计与性能仿真系统研究
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摘要
驱动桥是汽车传动系统中的一个重要的部件,其结构形式、性能好坏直接影响到汽车整车的行驶和动力性能。驱动桥壳承受载荷大,而传统力学计算方法又存在无法获得驱动桥总体应力分布的缺陷。本论文采用传统力学计算方法、三维实体建模方法、有限元方法,强度分析方法等对汽车驱动桥做了详细的研究工作,并在此基础上开发了汽车驱动桥壳CAE软件分析系统,对产品开发周期的缩短和开发费用的减少具有重大的实际意义。
本论文以某驱动桥壳为模型,首先运用计算机三维建模软件UG建立了汽车驱动桥参数化的三维仿真模型,并利用Visual C++开发了参数化建模的界面和接口。将导入到PATRAN中得到汽车驱动桥及桥壳的力学模型,根据力学模型建立了桥壳有限元模型,包括网格的划分、边界条件的确定、载荷的施加等。用有限元分析软件(PATRAN)对桥壳进行有限元分析和计算,输出应力、应变云图,验证了有限元模型的正确性和分析结果的可靠性。通过CAE分析,找出了汽车驱动桥壳的薄弱环节,与工程实际相吻合。然后利用Visual C++ 6.0强大的编程功能,并结合PCL语言,实现了驱动桥壳的参数化建模、自动划分网格、动态加载分析等功能,完成Visual C++开发界面与PATRAN之间的无缝连接。利用这些接口,设计并实现了一个车桥CAE分析系统。
The drive axle is a vital important component to automobile, because its structure constituent and property have much direct effect on kinematics and dynamic performance of automobile. The drive axle bears large load, while the traditional mechanics technologies unable to obtain the defect of stress that distributed the overall the transaxle. In this paper, detail description is given for the structure constitute and working characteristic of drive axle, and traditional mechanics calculation technologies, three-dimensional entity's modeling method, finite element method, etc, are adopted. Base on these, the analysis system of CAE on drive axle is development. In this system, products development period and development fee are significance reduced.
In this thesis, parameterized three-dimensional model of drive axle is established by UG, and then interface of parameterize design is made by Visual C++. The geometry modle is import to PATRAN, mechanics model of axle shell is built, and Finite element method has been used to analysis stress, strain, deformation by using PATRAN. The picture about stress, strain and deformation is exported in this paper after finite element analysis. Through the analyses of CAE, the weak point of the drive axle have been found out, which identify actually with the practice. Based on this, the Visual C++ with the powerful ability combined with PCL language realizes the seamless interface between the customer surface developed by Visual C++ and PATRAN. Making parameterized modeling of the drive axle, meshing automatically, loading and analysing, etc. can be done in this system.
本论文以某驱动桥壳为模型,首先运用计算机三维建模软件UG建立了汽车驱动桥参数化的三维仿真模型,并利用Visual C++开发了参数化建模的界面和接口。将导入到PATRAN中得到汽车驱动桥及桥壳的力学模型,根据力学模型建立了桥壳有限元模型,包括网格的划分、边界条件的确定、载荷的施加等。用有限元分析软件(PATRAN)对桥壳进行有限元分析和计算,输出应力、应变云图,验证了有限元模型的正确性和分析结果的可靠性。通过CAE分析,找出了汽车驱动桥壳的薄弱环节,与工程实际相吻合。然后利用Visual C++ 6.0强大的编程功能,并结合PCL语言,实现了驱动桥壳的参数化建模、自动划分网格、动态加载分析等功能,完成Visual C++开发界面与PATRAN之间的无缝连接。利用这些接口,设计并实现了一个车桥CAE分析系统。
The drive axle is a vital important component to automobile, because its structure constituent and property have much direct effect on kinematics and dynamic performance of automobile. The drive axle bears large load, while the traditional mechanics technologies unable to obtain the defect of stress that distributed the overall the transaxle. In this paper, detail description is given for the structure constitute and working characteristic of drive axle, and traditional mechanics calculation technologies, three-dimensional entity's modeling method, finite element method, etc, are adopted. Base on these, the analysis system of CAE on drive axle is development. In this system, products development period and development fee are significance reduced.
In this thesis, parameterized three-dimensional model of drive axle is established by UG, and then interface of parameterize design is made by Visual C++. The geometry modle is import to PATRAN, mechanics model of axle shell is built, and Finite element method has been used to analysis stress, strain, deformation by using PATRAN. The picture about stress, strain and deformation is exported in this paper after finite element analysis. Through the analyses of CAE, the weak point of the drive axle have been found out, which identify actually with the practice. Based on this, the Visual C++ with the powerful ability combined with PCL language realizes the seamless interface between the customer surface developed by Visual C++ and PATRAN. Making parameterized modeling of the drive axle, meshing automatically, loading and analysing, etc. can be done in this system.
引文
[1] 龙慧、陈文吉等.桥壳有限元模型建立及分析探讨.重型机械,1999(5),19～21
[2] 刘万锋,张维锋.汽车驱动桥壳动态应变场的模态分析.西安公路交通大学学报,V18(1),70～74
[3] 石琴,陈朝阳,钱锋,温千虹.汽车驱动桥壳模态分析.上海汽车,1999(4),1～3
[4] 刘国庆,杨庆东编著.ANSYS 工程应用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[5] 顿德安,汽车驱动桥常见故障分析.中南汽车运输,2000(4),18～19
[6] 陈效华,刘心文.基于有限元方法的微型汽车驱动桥结构分析,中国制造业信息化,2003,32(4):65～67
[7] 王聪兴,冯茂林,王军,周四民.驱动桥壳强度分析与结构改进.工程机械,2005(9),12～15
[8] 陈朝阳,石琴等.驱动桥壳多输入/多输出时域模态分析.合肥工业大学学报,2000 (8):468-472
[9] 林金木.有限元法解钢板弹簧.汽车工程,1984, 6 (4):20.3
[10] 王文静,刘志明,缪龙秀.基于实验模态的结构应变模态分析.北方交通大学学报,2000,V24(4):20～23
[11] 陆秋海,李德葆.模态理论的发展.力学进展,1996,26(4):464～472
[12] 郑建新,赵六奇.SOMA 驱动桥壳有限元分析及强度校核方法.汽车技术.2005(10),17～18
[13] 羊玢,孙庆鸿,王睿,郑燕萍.基于参数化的车辆驱动桥壳动态优化设计.汽车技术,2005(5),23～25
[14] 曹树谦等.振动结构模态分析.天津:天津大学出版社,2001
[15] 张国忠主编.现代设计方法在汽车设计中的应用.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2002
[16] Unigraphics NX Help/CAD/Modeling/Creation Tools/Feature Modeling/FormFeatures/User Defined Features (UDFs). E DS
[17] Unigraphics NX MenuScript Help
[18] 杨光,刘剑,刘根生,林建平,李发根.UG18 中参数化设计方法研究.现代制造工程,2005(3),66～69
[19] 刘定伟,薛澄岐.UG 二次开发接口技术研究.机械制造与自动化,2005,34(1),80～83
[20] 吴义忠,曹庆伟.U G 平台下标准件库系统研究.机械与电子,2005(8),52～54
[21] 吴增上,苑明海,苏广才,夏薇.参数化建模和 ADO 技术在建立模具标准件库中的应用.模具制造,2005(12),1～4
[22] 袁蔚,陈拂晓,郭俊卿.二次开发 UG 中标准件库的建立.河南科技大学学报( 自然科学版),2005,V 26 (5)
[23] 李强,李世国.基于 MFC 和 UG/OPENAPI 的标准件库开发技术.中国制造业信息化,2005,V34(2),99～101
[24] 黄艺,李晓丽,杨坤玉.基于 UG/GRIP 语言的凸轮自动实体建模,凿岩机械气动工具,2005(2),49~52
[25] 张应中,罗晓芳,基于 UG/Open API 技术的参数化标准件库的开发.计算机工程,2003,V29(21),180～181
[26] 吴莉华.基于 UG/OpenGRIP 的系列化产品零件的参数化设计.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005V23(2),75～77
[27] 沈庆云,沈自林.基于 UG 的 MP3 播放器参数化建模.现代制造工程,2006(1),55～56
[28] 王学平.基于 UG 的表达式及其应用.机械制造,2003(6),20～21
[29] 李素萍,刘根生,林建平,童宏永.基于 UG 的参数化设计方法及程序设计技术.模具工业,2005(12)
[30] 谭建国编.使用 ANSYA6.0 进行有限元分析.北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[31] 程育仁等编著.疲劳强度.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[32] 温熙森编著.机械系统动态分析理论与应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998
[33] (美)Saeed Moaveni 著.有限元分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[34] 王铁,张国忠.路面不平度影响下的汽车驱动桥动载荷.东北大学学报,2003 (1):50~52
[35] 王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[36] 西田正孝[日].应力集中.北京:机械工业出版社,1986
[37] 闵鹏,孙启会.桥壳有限元模型建立及分析探讨.重型汽车,1999(5),19～20
[38] 褚志刚等.汽车驱动桥壳结构破坏机理分析研究.汽车研究与开发,2001 (6): 30～32
[39] 何祖平,王德禹.基于 MSC. Patran 二次开发的结构参数化建模及其集成开发环境.航海工程,2005(2)17～20
[40] 蒋国平,陈步达等.农用运输车连体后桥实验模态分析.农业机械学报,2000 (9 ):59～61]和文献
[41] MSC. Patran User′s Manual.MSC 公司,1998.
[42] MSC. Patran PCL and Customization.MSC 公司,1998.
[43] MSC. Patran PCL Reference Manual.MSC 公司,1998.
[44] F.Duquesne, I.Kermis. Influence of Differential Locking on Tractor Work Rate: Part 1. Simulation of a Single Axle Vehicle. Science Research Institute 1996
[45] Yang ,R .J & Chuang, Ching-Hung & Che, Xiangdong et al. New applications of topology optimization in automotive industry. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2000, 23(1):1-15
[46] Deng Zhaoxiang. The Perturbation Theory of Complex Models and Its Application for Automotives Drive Line's Torsional Vibration. IPC-9 Procedings,1997,Vo l. 1:38～39
[47] Rudolf H?rnig, Bruno Beeskow, and Günter W?rner, Installation for vibration damping of a drive axle, especially of a rear axle of motor vehicles, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1981, 69~336
[48] SDRC. I –DEAS Super tab Pre/Post Engineering Analysis Menu Guide. USA, 1981
[49] X. Q. Zhu. S.S Law. Dynamics axle and wheel loads identification. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002(11)
[50] Bian Yongming,Zhang Quanhui,ect. Strain monitoring system for crack expanding in the SANTANA rear suspention. Shanghai Auto,1998(3):17～21
[51] SunLu, Deng Xuejun. Predicting Vertical Dynamic Loads Caused by Vehicle-Pavement Interaction. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1998,124(5)]
[2] 刘万锋,张维锋.汽车驱动桥壳动态应变场的模态分析.西安公路交通大学学报,V18(1),70～74
[3] 石琴,陈朝阳,钱锋,温千虹.汽车驱动桥壳模态分析.上海汽车,1999(4),1～3
[4] 刘国庆,杨庆东编著.ANSYS 工程应用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[5] 顿德安,汽车驱动桥常见故障分析.中南汽车运输,2000(4),18～19
[6] 陈效华,刘心文.基于有限元方法的微型汽车驱动桥结构分析,中国制造业信息化,2003,32(4):65～67
[7] 王聪兴,冯茂林,王军,周四民.驱动桥壳强度分析与结构改进.工程机械,2005(9),12～15
[8] 陈朝阳,石琴等.驱动桥壳多输入/多输出时域模态分析.合肥工业大学学报,2000 (8):468-472
[9] 林金木.有限元法解钢板弹簧.汽车工程,1984, 6 (4):20.3
[10] 王文静,刘志明,缪龙秀.基于实验模态的结构应变模态分析.北方交通大学学报,2000,V24(4):20～23
[11] 陆秋海,李德葆.模态理论的发展.力学进展,1996,26(4):464～472
[12] 郑建新,赵六奇.SOMA 驱动桥壳有限元分析及强度校核方法.汽车技术.2005(10),17～18
[13] 羊玢,孙庆鸿,王睿,郑燕萍.基于参数化的车辆驱动桥壳动态优化设计.汽车技术,2005(5),23～25
[14] 曹树谦等.振动结构模态分析.天津:天津大学出版社,2001
[15] 张国忠主编.现代设计方法在汽车设计中的应用.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2002
[16] Unigraphics NX Help/CAD/Modeling/Creation Tools/Feature Modeling/FormFeatures/User Defined Features (UDFs). E DS
[17] Unigraphics NX MenuScript Help
[18] 杨光,刘剑,刘根生,林建平,李发根.UG18 中参数化设计方法研究.现代制造工程,2005(3),66～69
[19] 刘定伟,薛澄岐.UG 二次开发接口技术研究.机械制造与自动化,2005,34(1),80～83
[20] 吴义忠,曹庆伟.U G 平台下标准件库系统研究.机械与电子,2005(8),52～54
[21] 吴增上,苑明海,苏广才,夏薇.参数化建模和 ADO 技术在建立模具标准件库中的应用.模具制造,2005(12),1～4
[22] 袁蔚,陈拂晓,郭俊卿.二次开发 UG 中标准件库的建立.河南科技大学学报( 自然科学版),2005,V 26 (5)
[23] 李强,李世国.基于 MFC 和 UG/OPENAPI 的标准件库开发技术.中国制造业信息化,2005,V34(2),99～101
[24] 黄艺,李晓丽,杨坤玉.基于 UG/GRIP 语言的凸轮自动实体建模,凿岩机械气动工具,2005(2),49~52
[25] 张应中,罗晓芳,基于 UG/Open API 技术的参数化标准件库的开发.计算机工程,2003,V29(21),180～181
[26] 吴莉华.基于 UG/OpenGRIP 的系列化产品零件的参数化设计.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005V23(2),75～77
[27] 沈庆云,沈自林.基于 UG 的 MP3 播放器参数化建模.现代制造工程,2006(1),55～56
[28] 王学平.基于 UG 的表达式及其应用.机械制造,2003(6),20～21
[29] 李素萍,刘根生,林建平,童宏永.基于 UG 的参数化设计方法及程序设计技术.模具工业,2005(12)
[30] 谭建国编.使用 ANSYA6.0 进行有限元分析.北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[31] 程育仁等编著.疲劳强度.北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[32] 温熙森编著.机械系统动态分析理论与应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998
[33] (美)Saeed Moaveni 著.有限元分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[34] 王铁,张国忠.路面不平度影响下的汽车驱动桥动载荷.东北大学学报,2003 (1):50~52
[35] 王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[36] 西田正孝[日].应力集中.北京:机械工业出版社,1986
[37] 闵鹏,孙启会.桥壳有限元模型建立及分析探讨.重型汽车,1999(5),19～20
[38] 褚志刚等.汽车驱动桥壳结构破坏机理分析研究.汽车研究与开发,2001 (6): 30～32
[39] 何祖平,王德禹.基于 MSC. Patran 二次开发的结构参数化建模及其集成开发环境.航海工程,2005(2)17～20
[40] 蒋国平,陈步达等.农用运输车连体后桥实验模态分析.农业机械学报,2000 (9 ):59～61]和文献
[41] MSC. Patran User′s Manual.MSC 公司,1998.
[42] MSC. Patran PCL and Customization.MSC 公司,1998.
[43] MSC. Patran PCL Reference Manual.MSC 公司,1998.
[44] F.Duquesne, I.Kermis. Influence of Differential Locking on Tractor Work Rate: Part 1. Simulation of a Single Axle Vehicle. Science Research Institute 1996
[45] Yang ,R .J & Chuang, Ching-Hung & Che, Xiangdong et al. New applications of topology optimization in automotive industry. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2000, 23(1):1-15
[46] Deng Zhaoxiang. The Perturbation Theory of Complex Models and Its Application for Automotives Drive Line's Torsional Vibration. IPC-9 Procedings,1997,Vo l. 1:38～39
[47] Rudolf H?rnig, Bruno Beeskow, and Günter W?rner, Installation for vibration damping of a drive axle, especially of a rear axle of motor vehicles, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1981, 69~336
[48] SDRC. I –DEAS Super tab Pre/Post Engineering Analysis Menu Guide. USA, 1981
[49] X. Q. Zhu. S.S Law. Dynamics axle and wheel loads identification. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002(11)
[50] Bian Yongming,Zhang Quanhui,ect. Strain monitoring system for crack expanding in the SANTANA rear suspention. Shanghai Auto,1998(3):17～21
[51] SunLu, Deng Xuejun. Predicting Vertical Dynamic Loads Caused by Vehicle-Pavement Interaction. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1998,124(5)]