玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
|
摘要
一、煮玉米比例对泌乳牛产乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
试验采用 ４×４ 拉丁方设计，研究在自由采食“麦秸＋玉米秸秆青贮”的粗饲料条
件下，煮玉米比例对中低产的黑白花中期泌乳牛产乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响。
四处理组分别为 ０／３ 煮玉米组（对照组）、１／３ 煮玉米组、２／３ 煮玉米组和 ３／３ 煮玉米组。
日粮中玉米全部粉碎，平均粒度为 １．４ｍｍ。煮玉米比例为处理玉米与日粮总玉米的比值。
结果表明，与对照组相比，煮玉米比例不影响各类饲料采食量、ＤＭＩ、乳中脂肪、蛋白、
乳糖、ＳＮＦ、固形物含量和乳密度。１／３ 煮玉米提高原乳及 ＦＣＭ 产量 ３．９％和 ４．０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），
２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组不影响饲料采食量和乳产量（Ｐ＞０．０５），１／３、２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组
提高了 ＤＭ、ＯＭ、能量、淀粉的全消化道表观消化率，降低了 ＮＤＦ 和 ＡＤＦ 消化率。１／３、
２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米对 ＣＰ 消化率的影响未达显著水平，但 ２／３ 组与 １／３ 组相比，ＣＰ 消化
率下降了 ９．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／３ 煮玉米组与 ０／３、２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组相比降低了粪便含
水率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／３、２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组分别降低血浆葡萄糖浓度 １２．１％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、
１９．２％和 ２１．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高尿素氮浓度 ２．４％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、１９．３％和 １７．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。
综上，在自由采食“麦秸＋玉米秸秆青贮”的粗饲料条件下，煮沸处理中低产的黑白花
中期泌乳牛日粮中 １／３ 玉米，可显著提高泌乳性能。
二、烫玉米比例对泌乳牛泌乳性能的影响
实施两个试验，研究烫玉米在不同粗饲料条件下对泌乳牛产奶性能的影响。日粮中
玉米全部粉碎，平均粒度为 １．４mm。烫玉米比例为处理玉米与日粮总玉米的比值。试
验 １：选择四头荷斯坦中期泌乳牛，采用 ４×４ 拉丁方设计，研究在自由采食“麦秸＋青
贮玉米”的粗饲料条件下，烫玉米比例对产乳性能的影响。四处理组分别为 ０／３ 烫玉米
组（对照组）、１／３ 烫玉米组、２／３ 烫玉米组和 ３／３ 烫玉米组。结果表明，烫玉米比例不
影响 DMI 和乳中脂肪、蛋白、SNF 含量和乳密度（Ｐ＞０．０５）。２／３ 烫玉米组分别提高了
原乳和 FCM 产量 ６．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和 ７．０％（Ｐ＞０．０５），１／３ 和 ３／３ 烫玉米组不影响原乳
和 FCM 产量（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验 ２：６ 头荷斯坦中期泌乳牛随机分为两组，每组 ３ 头，采用
２ 重复 ３×３ 拉丁方设计，研究在每天投喂 １５ｋｇ 苜蓿青草和自由采食青贮玉米的粗饲料
条件下烫玉米的效果。三个处理组分别为 ０／４ 烫玉米组（对照组）、１／４ 烫玉米组和 ２／４
烫玉米组。结果表明，烫玉米比例不影响各类饲料采食量、ＤＭＩ、乳密度和乳脂、乳蛋
白、SNF 含量和乳密度。１／４ 烫玉米不影响原乳和 FCM 产量，2/4 烫玉米极显著降低了
原乳产量（P＜0.01），不影响 FCM 产量。结果显示，在“麦秸＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，
２／３ 烫玉米可显著改善泌乳性能；在“苜蓿青草＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，烫玉米有降
低乳产量的趋势。
三、泡玉米和煮玉米对泌乳牛泌乳性能的影响
8 头荷斯坦中期泌乳牛随机分为两组，每组 4 头，采用 2 个 4×4 拉丁方，分别研究
在自由采食“麦秸＋青贮玉米”和每天投喂 3.5kg苜蓿干草和自由采食青贮玉米的粗饲
料条件下，煮玉米和泡玉米对荷斯坦中期泌乳牛产乳性能的影响。四处理组分别为对照
组、1/3煮玉米组、1/3泡玉米组和2/3泡玉米组。日粮中玉米全部粉碎，平均粒度为1.4mm。
处理玉米比例为处理玉米与日粮总玉米的比值。 与对照组相比，在麦秸日粮条件下，
泡玉米比例不影响 DMI，乳产量和 FCM 产量随使用比例提高而线性提高，但均未达显
著水平（P>0.05）。乳脂、乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量和产量，及饲料利用效率不受泡
玉米比例的影响。与对照组相比，1/3 煮玉米趋于提高青贮、麦秸及 DMI（P>0.05），提
高乳产量 4.6%和 FCM 产量 3.8%（P<0.05），不影响乳脂、乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量
（P>.05），提高饲料利用效率；在苜蓿干草日粮条件下，泡玉米比例不影响 DMI、乳
产量、FCM 产量、乳密度，乳脂、乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量，及饲料利用效率（Ｐ＞０．０５）。
与对照组相比，１／３ 煮玉米不影响 DMI、乳产量和 FCM 产量（Ｐ＞０．０５），趋于降低乳脂、
乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量和乳密度，不影响饲料利用效率（Ｐ＞０．０５）。与 ２／３ 泡玉米
相比，１／３ 煮玉米降低乳脂率（Ｐ＞０．０５）、乳蛋白率、SNF 和固形物含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），不
影响乳密度和饲料利用效率。结果显示，在“麦秸＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，1/3 煮玉
米可提高泌乳性能；在“苜蓿干草＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，泡玉米和煮玉米不影响泌
乳性能。
Effects of Percentage of Boiled Corn on Lactational Performance, Nutrient
Digestibility, and Contents of Plasma Glucose and Urea Nitrogen of
Lactating Cows
Four midlactation Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to determine the
effects of the percentage of boiled corn(BC) on lactational performance, nutrient digestibility,
and contents of plasma glucose and urea nitrogen in roughage of wheat straw and corn silage.
Four treatments were 0/3 boiled corn, 1/3 boiled corn, 2/3 boiled corn and 3/3 boiled corn
respectively. All corn in diets was cracked with mean particle size of1.4mm. Processing corn
percentage was the proportion of processing corn to all corn in diet. DMI, percent of milk fat,
protein, lactose, and SNF, and milk density were not affected by treatments. Compared to
0/3BC, 1/3BC increased 3.9% of milk yield and 4.0% of FCM yield (P<0.05), and 2/3BC and
3/3BC did not affect yield of milk and FCM, 1/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC increased total tract
digestibility of DM, OM, energy and starch, and decreased total tract digestibility of NDF and
ADF. Compared to 0/3BC, 1/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC did not affect total tract digestibility of
CP (P>0.05), but relative to 1/3BC, 2/3BC decreased 9.4% of total tract digestibility of CP
(P<0.05). Compared to 0/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC, 1/3BC decreased the moisture of feces
(P<0.05). Relative to 0/3BC, 1/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC decreased 12.1% (P>0.05), 19.2% and
21.1% (P<0.05) of plasma glucose concentration, and increased 2.4%(P>.05), 19.3% and
17.5% (P<0.05) of urea nitrogen concentration, respectively.
Effects of Percentage of Scalded Corn on Lactational Performance of
Lactating Cows
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the percentage of scalded
corn (SC) on lactational performance of lactating cows. All corn in diets was cracked with
mean particle size of 1.4mm. Processing corn percentage was the proportion of processing
corn to all corn in diet. Trial 1: Four midlactation Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin
square design to determine the effects of the percentage of SC on lactational performance in
roughage of wheat straw and corn silage. Four treatments were 0/3 SC, 1/3 SC, 2/3 SC and
3/3 SC. The results show that: DMI, percent of milk fat, protein and SNF, and milk density
were not affected by treatments; compared to 0/3BC 2/3BC increased 6.4% of milk yield
（P<0.05）and 7.0% of FCM yield (P>.05), and there are no significant difference of milk
yield and FCM yield among 0/3BC, 1/3SC and 3/3SC (P>0.05). Ｉn trail 2: six midlactation
Holstein cows were used in two replicate 3×3 Latin square design to determine the effects of
the percentage of SC on lactational performance in roughage of green alfalfa and corn silage.
Three treatments were 0/4 SC, 1/4 SC and 2/4 SC. The results show that: DMI, percent of
milk fat, protein and SNF, and milk density were not affected by treatments; compared to
0/3BC, 1/4SC did not affect milk and FCM yield (P>0.05), but 2/4SC decreased significantly
milk yield （P<0.01）and did not affect FCM yield (P>.05). In conclusion, the optimal
percentage is 2/3, and 2/3SC increased lactational performance the in roughage of wheat
straw and corn silage, but SC tended to decrease lactational performance in forage of green
alfalfa and corn silage.
Effects of Percentage of Socked Corn on Lactational Performance of
Lactating Cows
Eight midlactation Holstein cows were allotted to 2 groups, and were used in two 4×4
Latin square design to determine the effects of boiled corn(BC) and socked corn (SKC) on
lactational performance of lactating cows in forage of wheat straw and corn silage and in
forage of alfalfa hay and corn silage, respectively. Four treatments were control, 1/3 BC, 1/3
SKC and 2/3 SKC. All corn in diets was cracked with mean particle size of 1.4mm.
Processing corn percentage was the proportion of processing corn to all corn in diet. In forage
of wheat straw and corn silage, compared to the control, 1/3SKC and 2/3SKC did not affect
DMI, per
试验采用 ４×４ 拉丁方设计，研究在自由采食“麦秸＋玉米秸秆青贮”的粗饲料条
件下，煮玉米比例对中低产的黑白花中期泌乳牛产乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响。
四处理组分别为 ０／３ 煮玉米组（对照组）、１／３ 煮玉米组、２／３ 煮玉米组和 ３／３ 煮玉米组。
日粮中玉米全部粉碎，平均粒度为 １．４ｍｍ。煮玉米比例为处理玉米与日粮总玉米的比值。
结果表明，与对照组相比，煮玉米比例不影响各类饲料采食量、ＤＭＩ、乳中脂肪、蛋白、
乳糖、ＳＮＦ、固形物含量和乳密度。１／３ 煮玉米提高原乳及 ＦＣＭ 产量 ３．９％和 ４．０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），
２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组不影响饲料采食量和乳产量（Ｐ＞０．０５），１／３、２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组
提高了 ＤＭ、ＯＭ、能量、淀粉的全消化道表观消化率，降低了 ＮＤＦ 和 ＡＤＦ 消化率。１／３、
２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米对 ＣＰ 消化率的影响未达显著水平，但 ２／３ 组与 １／３ 组相比，ＣＰ 消化
率下降了 ９．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／３ 煮玉米组与 ０／３、２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组相比降低了粪便含
水率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。１／３、２／３ 和 ３／３ 煮玉米组分别降低血浆葡萄糖浓度 １２．１％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、
１９．２％和 ２１．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高尿素氮浓度 ２．４％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、１９．３％和 １７．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。
综上，在自由采食“麦秸＋玉米秸秆青贮”的粗饲料条件下，煮沸处理中低产的黑白花
中期泌乳牛日粮中 １／３ 玉米，可显著提高泌乳性能。
二、烫玉米比例对泌乳牛泌乳性能的影响
实施两个试验，研究烫玉米在不同粗饲料条件下对泌乳牛产奶性能的影响。日粮中
玉米全部粉碎，平均粒度为 １．４mm。烫玉米比例为处理玉米与日粮总玉米的比值。试
验 １：选择四头荷斯坦中期泌乳牛，采用 ４×４ 拉丁方设计，研究在自由采食“麦秸＋青
贮玉米”的粗饲料条件下，烫玉米比例对产乳性能的影响。四处理组分别为 ０／３ 烫玉米
组（对照组）、１／３ 烫玉米组、２／３ 烫玉米组和 ３／３ 烫玉米组。结果表明，烫玉米比例不
影响 DMI 和乳中脂肪、蛋白、SNF 含量和乳密度（Ｐ＞０．０５）。２／３ 烫玉米组分别提高了
原乳和 FCM 产量 ６．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和 ７．０％（Ｐ＞０．０５），１／３ 和 ３／３ 烫玉米组不影响原乳
和 FCM 产量（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验 ２：６ 头荷斯坦中期泌乳牛随机分为两组，每组 ３ 头，采用
２ 重复 ３×３ 拉丁方设计，研究在每天投喂 １５ｋｇ 苜蓿青草和自由采食青贮玉米的粗饲料
条件下烫玉米的效果。三个处理组分别为 ０／４ 烫玉米组（对照组）、１／４ 烫玉米组和 ２／４
烫玉米组。结果表明，烫玉米比例不影响各类饲料采食量、ＤＭＩ、乳密度和乳脂、乳蛋
白、SNF 含量和乳密度。１／４ 烫玉米不影响原乳和 FCM 产量，2/4 烫玉米极显著降低了
原乳产量（P＜0.01），不影响 FCM 产量。结果显示，在“麦秸＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，
２／３ 烫玉米可显著改善泌乳性能；在“苜蓿青草＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，烫玉米有降
低乳产量的趋势。
三、泡玉米和煮玉米对泌乳牛泌乳性能的影响
8 头荷斯坦中期泌乳牛随机分为两组，每组 4 头，采用 2 个 4×4 拉丁方，分别研究
在自由采食“麦秸＋青贮玉米”和每天投喂 3.5kg苜蓿干草和自由采食青贮玉米的粗饲
料条件下，煮玉米和泡玉米对荷斯坦中期泌乳牛产乳性能的影响。四处理组分别为对照
组、1/3煮玉米组、1/3泡玉米组和2/3泡玉米组。日粮中玉米全部粉碎，平均粒度为1.4mm。
处理玉米比例为处理玉米与日粮总玉米的比值。 与对照组相比，在麦秸日粮条件下，
泡玉米比例不影响 DMI，乳产量和 FCM 产量随使用比例提高而线性提高，但均未达显
著水平（P>0.05）。乳脂、乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量和产量，及饲料利用效率不受泡
玉米比例的影响。与对照组相比，1/3 煮玉米趋于提高青贮、麦秸及 DMI（P>0.05），提
高乳产量 4.6%和 FCM 产量 3.8%（P<0.05），不影响乳脂、乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量
（P>.05），提高饲料利用效率；在苜蓿干草日粮条件下，泡玉米比例不影响 DMI、乳
产量、FCM 产量、乳密度，乳脂、乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量，及饲料利用效率（Ｐ＞０．０５）。
与对照组相比，１／３ 煮玉米不影响 DMI、乳产量和 FCM 产量（Ｐ＞０．０５），趋于降低乳脂、
乳蛋白、SNF 和固形物含量和乳密度，不影响饲料利用效率（Ｐ＞０．０５）。与 ２／３ 泡玉米
相比，１／３ 煮玉米降低乳脂率（Ｐ＞０．０５）、乳蛋白率、SNF 和固形物含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），不
影响乳密度和饲料利用效率。结果显示，在“麦秸＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，1/3 煮玉
米可提高泌乳性能；在“苜蓿干草＋青贮”的粗饲料条件下，泡玉米和煮玉米不影响泌
乳性能。
Effects of Percentage of Boiled Corn on Lactational Performance, Nutrient
Digestibility, and Contents of Plasma Glucose and Urea Nitrogen of
Lactating Cows
Four midlactation Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to determine the
effects of the percentage of boiled corn(BC) on lactational performance, nutrient digestibility,
and contents of plasma glucose and urea nitrogen in roughage of wheat straw and corn silage.
Four treatments were 0/3 boiled corn, 1/3 boiled corn, 2/3 boiled corn and 3/3 boiled corn
respectively. All corn in diets was cracked with mean particle size of1.4mm. Processing corn
percentage was the proportion of processing corn to all corn in diet. DMI, percent of milk fat,
protein, lactose, and SNF, and milk density were not affected by treatments. Compared to
0/3BC, 1/3BC increased 3.9% of milk yield and 4.0% of FCM yield (P<0.05), and 2/3BC and
3/3BC did not affect yield of milk and FCM, 1/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC increased total tract
digestibility of DM, OM, energy and starch, and decreased total tract digestibility of NDF and
ADF. Compared to 0/3BC, 1/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC did not affect total tract digestibility of
CP (P>0.05), but relative to 1/3BC, 2/3BC decreased 9.4% of total tract digestibility of CP
(P<0.05). Compared to 0/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC, 1/3BC decreased the moisture of feces
(P<0.05). Relative to 0/3BC, 1/3BC, 2/3BC and 3/3BC decreased 12.1% (P>0.05), 19.2% and
21.1% (P<0.05) of plasma glucose concentration, and increased 2.4%(P>.05), 19.3% and
17.5% (P<0.05) of urea nitrogen concentration, respectively.
Effects of Percentage of Scalded Corn on Lactational Performance of
Lactating Cows
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the percentage of scalded
corn (SC) on lactational performance of lactating cows. All corn in diets was cracked with
mean particle size of 1.4mm. Processing corn percentage was the proportion of processing
corn to all corn in diet. Trial 1: Four midlactation Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin
square design to determine the effects of the percentage of SC on lactational performance in
roughage of wheat straw and corn silage. Four treatments were 0/3 SC, 1/3 SC, 2/3 SC and
3/3 SC. The results show that: DMI, percent of milk fat, protein and SNF, and milk density
were not affected by treatments; compared to 0/3BC 2/3BC increased 6.4% of milk yield
（P<0.05）and 7.0% of FCM yield (P>.05), and there are no significant difference of milk
yield and FCM yield among 0/3BC, 1/3SC and 3/3SC (P>0.05). Ｉn trail 2: six midlactation
Holstein cows were used in two replicate 3×3 Latin square design to determine the effects of
the percentage of SC on lactational performance in roughage of green alfalfa and corn silage.
Three treatments were 0/4 SC, 1/4 SC and 2/4 SC. The results show that: DMI, percent of
milk fat, protein and SNF, and milk density were not affected by treatments; compared to
0/3BC, 1/4SC did not affect milk and FCM yield (P>0.05), but 2/4SC decreased significantly
milk yield （P<0.01）and did not affect FCM yield (P>.05). In conclusion, the optimal
percentage is 2/3, and 2/3SC increased lactational performance the in roughage of wheat
straw and corn silage, but SC tended to decrease lactational performance in forage of green
alfalfa and corn silage.
Effects of Percentage of Socked Corn on Lactational Performance of
Lactating Cows
Eight midlactation Holstein cows were allotted to 2 groups, and were used in two 4×4
Latin square design to determine the effects of boiled corn(BC) and socked corn (SKC) on
lactational performance of lactating cows in forage of wheat straw and corn silage and in
forage of alfalfa hay and corn silage, respectively. Four treatments were control, 1/3 BC, 1/3
SKC and 2/3 SKC. All corn in diets was cracked with mean particle size of 1.4mm.
Processing corn percentage was the proportion of processing corn to all corn in diet. In forage
of wheat straw and corn silage, compared to the control, 1/3SKC and 2/3SKC did not affect
DMI, per
引文
1. 胡坚，张婉如，王振权，动物饲养学实验指导，吉林科学技术出版社，长春：
1994
2. 李胜利，冯仰廉，莫放，肉牛真胃灌注不同水平葡萄糖和酪蛋白对日粮氮代谢
调控的研究，中国畜牧杂志 1998(4)：3
3. 宁开桂，实用饲料分析手册，中国农业科技出版社，北京：1998
４． 全国畜牧兽医总站，奶牛营养需要和饲养标准，中国农业大学出版社，北京：
2000
5. 王聪，黄应祥，刘强等，发酵对奶牛精料乙酸含量及泌乳性能的影响．动物营
养学报，２００３（３）：３７
6. 熊本海，生长肥育羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生、吸收规律及模型参数研究，中国
农业科学院博士学位论文，1998
7. 徐明，姚军虎，玉米处理方法对泌乳牛产奶性能和养分消化的影响，黄牛杂志，
2004（1）：9
8. 杨胜，饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术，北京农业大学出版社，北京：1993
９． 姚军虎，张长青，王金良等，玉米不同粉碎粒度对产奶羊生产性能的影响，中
国养羊，1993（1）
１０． 张英杰，刘月琴，冯仰廉，日粮对肉牛小肠 pH 及淀粉酶活性的影响，黄牛杂
志 １９９９（５）：２７
11.张元庆，马晓飞，孙长勉等，整粒或粉碎玉米和小麦对于生长肉牛的饲用价值，
畜牧兽医学会年会论文集，２００３
12.Aldrich, J. M., L. D. Muller, G. A. Varga. 1993. NSC and protein effects on rumen
fermentation, nutrient flow and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1091
13.Alvarez, H.J., F.J. Santini, D.H. Rearte et al. 2001. Milk production and rumen
digestion in lactating dairy cows gaizing temperate pastures and supplemental wih
dry cracked corn or high moisture corn. Anim. Feed Sci.&Tech.91: 183
14.Amaral, D.M., J.J. Veenhuizen, J. K. Drackley et al.1990. Metabolism of
propionate, glucose and carbon dioxide as affected by exogenous glucose in dairy
cows at energy equilibrium. J Dairy Sci. 73:1244
15.Andrighetto, I., P. Berzaghi, G. Cozzi et al. 1998. Effect of grain hardness on in
situ degradation of corn and on milk production. J.Anim.Sci. 76 (S1):319
16.Arieli,A.,S.Abramson,S.J.Mabjeesh et al.2001. Effect of site and source of energy
supplementation on milk yield in dairy cows. JDairy Sci. 84:462
42 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
17.Axe, D. E., K. K. Bolsen, D. L. Harmon et al. 1987. Effect of wheat and
18.high-moisture sorghum grain fed singly and in combination on ruminal
fermentation, solid and liquid flow, site and extent of digestion and feeding
performance of cattle. J.Anim.Sci. 64:897
19.Barajas, R., R. A. Rinn. 1997. Interaction of protein supplementation and corn
processing method on site and extent of starch digestion in beef cattle. J. Anim.
Sci.75(s1):254
20.Bargo, F., G. A. Pieroni, D. H. Rearte. 1998. Milk production and ruminal
fermentation of gazing dairy cows supplemented with dry ground corn or
steam-flaked corn. J. Dairy Sci. 81(s1):335
21.Bartley, J.C., A.L. Black.1966. Effect of exogenous glucose on glucose
metabolism in dairy cows . J Nutr. 89:317
22.Bauer,M.L.,D.L.Harmon,K.R.MaLeod et al.1995.Adaptation to small intestinal
starch assimilation and glucose transport in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci.73: 1828
23.Beauchemin, K. A., B. I. Farr, L. M. Rode et al. 1994. Effects of alfalfa silage
chop length and supplementation long hay on chewing and milk production of
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:1326
24.Beauchemin, K. A., McAllister, T.A., Y. Dong et al. 1994. Effects of mastication
on digestion of whole cereal grains by cattle. J.Anim.Sci. 72:236
25.Bergman, E.N.1990. Energy contributions of VFAs from the gastrointestinal tract
in various species. Physiol. Reviews 70:567
26.Bock, B. J., R. T. Brandt, Jr. et al. 1991. Mixtures of wheat and high moisture corn
in finishing diets: feedlot performance and in situ rate of starch digestion in steers.
J.Anim.Sci.69:2703
27.Boss, D. L., J. G. P. Bowman. 1996. Barley varieties for finishing steers: ruminal
characteristics and rate, site and extent of digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 1973
28.Bowman, J. G. P., J. L. Firkins. 1995. In situ particle size reduction as effected by
forage species and grinding mesh size. J.Anim.Sci.73: 439
29.Brown, M. S., M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff et al. 1997. In Vitro ammonia
concentrations of corn and sorghum as influenced by the degree of processing and
nitrogen source and level. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):253
30.Brown, M. S., M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff et al. 1997. In Vitro dry disappearance
and starch availability of corn and sorghum as influenced by the degree of
processing and nitrogen source and level. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1): 259
31.Brown, M. S., M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff et al. 1997. In Vitro pH changes of corn
参考文献 43
and sorghum as influenced by the degree of processing and nitrogen source and
level. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):253
32.Callison, S. L., J. L. Firkins, M. L. Eastridge et al. 2001. Site of nutrient digestion
by dairy cows fed corn of diffenern particle sizes or steam rolled. J. Dairy Sci.
84:1458
33.Casper, D.P., D.J.Schngoethe, W.A.Eisenbeisz et al.1990. Response of early
lactating dairy cows fed diets varying in source in nonstrucure carbohydrate and
crude protein. J. Dairy Sci. 73:1039
34.Casper, D.P., H. A. Maiga, M. J. Brouk et al. 1999. Synchronization of
carbohydrate and protein sources on fermentation and passage rate in dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 82:1779
35.Chandler, P. T., C. N. Miller, E. Jahn. 1975. Feeding value and nutrient
preservation of high moisture corn ensiled in conxentional silos for lactating dairy
cows. J. Dairy Sci.58:682
36.Chen, K.H., J.T.Huber, J.Simas et al.1993. Effect of steam flaked or enzyme
treatments of sorghum grain on performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1):
310
37.Chen,K.H., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1994. Effect of steam flaking of corn and
sorghum grains on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.77: 1038
38.Chen, K.H., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1995. Effect of substituting steam flaked
sorghum for concentrate on lactation and digestion in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.78:
362
39.Clack, J.H., H.R. Spires, R.g. Derrirg et al.1977.Milk production, N utilization and
G Synthesis in lactating cows . J Nutr. 107:631
40.Clark, J. H., K. E. Harshbarger. 1972. High moisture corn versus dry corn, in
combination with either corn silage and hay for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
55:1474
41.Clark, J. H., W. J. Croom, K. E. Harshbarger. 1975. Feeding value of dry, ensiled,
and acid treated high moisture corn fed whole or rolled to lactating cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 58:909
42.Clark, J. H., R. A. Frobish, K. E. Harshbarger et al. 1973. Feeding value of dry,
ensiled, and acid treated high moisture corn fed with hay or haylage for lactating
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 56:1531
43.Cooper, R. J., C. T. Miton, T. J. Klopfenstein et al.2002. Effects of corn processing
on starch digestion and bacterial crube protin flow in finishing cattle. J.Anim.Sci.
44 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
80:797
44.Crocker, L.M., E.J.DePeters, J.G.Fadel.1998.Influence of processed corn grain in
diets of dairy cows on digestion of nutrients and milk composition. J. Dairy Sci.
81: 2394
45.Dann, H. M., G. A. Varga, D. E. Putnam et al. 1998. Effects of corn processing on
performance of prepartum and early postpartum dairy cattle. J.Anim.Sci.
76(S1):296
46.DeBrabander, D. L., B. G. Cottyn, C. L. Boucque. 1992. Substitution of
concentrates by ensiled high moisture maize grain in dairy cattle diets. Ainm. Feed
Sci. Technol. 39: 57
47.Defoor, P. J., M. L. Galyean, N. A. Cole et al. 1998. Effects of planting density and
processing method on the digestibility of grain sorghum by ruminants. J.Anim.Sci.
76(S1):317
48.Delahoy, J. E., L. D. Muller, L. A. Holden et al. 1998. Comparison of cracked and
steam flaked corn supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows on
pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 81(s1): 202
49.DePeters, E. J., S. J. Taylor. 1985. Effects of feeding corn or barley on
composition of milk and diet digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 68:2027
50.Dhiman, T.R., L.Satter.1993.Increasing carbohydrate availability to the rumen
microbes and its effect on animal performance. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1): 307
51.Dhiman, T.R., L.Satter.1995. Particle size and moisture content of corn grain and
their effect on dairy cow performance. J. Dairy Sci.78 (s1) 210
52.Ekinci, C., G.A.Broderick.1997. Effect of high moisture ear corn on ruminal
fermentation and milk yield. J. Dairy Sci.80: 3298
53.Elliott, J. P., J. K. Drackley, G. C. Fahey et al. 1995. Utilization of supplemental
fat by dairy cows fed dies varying in content of NSC. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1512
54.Ensor, W. L., H. H. Olson, V. F. Colenbrander. 1970. A report: committee on
classification of particle size in feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 53:689
55.Erasmus, L. J., I. Smith. 1998. Influence of protein level, protein degradability and
steam flaking of grain on production of milk and milk components by lactating
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.81 (s1): 318
56.Espindola, M. S., E. J. DePeters, J. G. Fadel et al. 1997. Effectsof wheat
processing and method of tallow addition to diets for lactating dairy cows on
nutrient digestion. J. Dairy Sci.80:1160
57.Ewing, D. L., D. E. Johnson, W. V. Rumpler. 1986. Corn particle passage and size
参考文献 45
ruduction in the rumen of beef steers. J.Anim.Sci. 63: 1509
58.Feng, P., C. W. Hunt, G. T. Pritchard et al. 1995. Effect of barley variety and
dietary barley content on digestive function in beef steers fed grass hay-based
diets. J.Anim.Sci.73:3476
59.Fiems, L. O., B. G. Cottyn, C. V. Boucque et al. 1990. Effect of grain processing
on in sacco digestibility and degradability in the rumen. Arch. Nutr. Anim. 8:713
60.Freetly, H.C., J.Klindt.1996.Changes in gut and liver glucose, lactate, insulin, and
oxygen flux in mature ewes during mesenteric or abdominal vena cava glucose
infusion. J. Nutr. 126:924
61.French, D.1973.Chemical and physical properties of starch. J.Anim.Sci.37: 1047
62.Gaebe, R.J., D.W.Sanson, I.G.Rush et al.1998. Effects of extruded corn or grain
sorghum on intake, digestibility, weight gain, and carcasses of finishing steers.
J.Anim.Sci.76: 2001
63.Galyean, M.L., D.G.Wagner, F.N.Owens.1981.Dry matter and starch disappearance
of corn and sorghum as influenced by particle size and processing. J. Dairy Sci.64:
1804
64.Grings, E. E., R. E. Roffler, D. P. Deitelhoff. 1992. Evaluation of corn and barley
as energy sourses for cows in early lactation fed alfalfa-based diets. J. Dairy Sci.
75:193
65.Hale, W. H. 1973. Influence of processing on the utilization of grains (starch) by
ruminants. J.Anim.Sci. 37: 1075
66.Hall, M.B., C.Hereijk.2001.Differences in yields of microbial crude protein form
in vitro fermentation of carbohydrates. J. Dairy Sci.84: 2486
67.Harmison, B., M. L. Eastridge, J. L. Firkins. 1997. Effect of percentsge of dietary
forage NDF and source of starch on performance of lactating Jersey cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 80:905
68.Hatfield, P. G., M. K. Petersen, C. K. Clark et al. 1993. Effects of barley variety
and restricted versus ad libitum intake on rate, site and extent of digestion by
wethers fed a high-energy diet. J.Anim.Sci.71:1390
69.Herrera-saldana, R., J.T.Huber, M.H.Poore.1990.Dry matter, crude protein and
starch degradability of fine cereal grains. J. Dairy Sci.73: 2386
70.Herrera-saldana, R., J.T.Huber.1989.Influence of varying protein and starch
degradabilities on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.72: 1471
71.Herrera-saldana, R., R.G.Alarcon, M.Torabi et al.1990. Influence of synchronizing
protein and starch degradation in the rumen on nutrient utilization and microbial
46 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 73:142
72.Huck, G.L., K.K.Keikemeier, G.L.Kuhl et al.1998. Effects of feeding combinations
of steam flaked sorghum and steam flaked, high moisture or dry-rolled corn on
growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.76:
2984
73.Huntington, G.B.1997.Starch utilization by ruminants: from basic to the bunk.
J.Anim.Sci.75: 852
74.Hurtaud, C., S.Lemosquet, H.Rulqun.2000. Effect of graded duodenal infusions of
glucose on yield and composition on milk from dairy cows diets based on grass
silage. J. Dairy Sci.83: 2952
75.Johnson, T.R., C.W.Koons.1997.Utilization of further processed high moisture
shelled corn by lactating dairy cows. J.Anim.Sci.75 (s1): 45
76.Joy, M.T., E.J. E.J.DePeters, J.G.Fadel et al.1997. Effects of corn processing on
site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.80: 2087
77.Joy, M.T., E.J. E.J.DePeters, J.G.Fadel et al.1993.Milk prodicton of cows fed diets
containing dry rolled and steam flaked corn. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1): 211
78.Kessen, T. J., D. D. Simms, G. L. Kuhl et al. 1997. Effect of grain sorghum particle
size on digestion parameters and performance of growing steers. J. Anim.
Sci.75(s1):254
79.Khorasani, G. R., E. K. Okine, J. J. Kennelly. 2001. Effects of substituting barley
grain with corn on ruminal fermentation characteristics, milk yield, and milk
composition of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2760
80.Khorasani, G. R., E. K. Okine, J. J. Kennelly. 1998. Influence of dietary starch
sources on ruminal fermentation characteristics of Holstein heifers. J. Anim.
Sci.76(s1):319
81.Khorasani, G. R., G. De Boer, B. Robinson et al. 1994. Influence of dietary protein
and starch on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:
813
82.Khorasani,, S. F., R. D. Waniska, K. K. Thurn. 1992. Starch hydrolysis by the
rumen microflora. J. Nutr. 122:178
83.Knowlton, K. F., B. P. Glenn, R. A. Erdman. 1996. Effect of corn grain maturity
and processing on performance, rumen fermentation, and site of starch digestion in
early lactation dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci.79 (s1): 138
84.Knowlton, K.F., B.P.Glenn, R.A.Erdman.1998. Performance, ruminal fermentation,
and site of starch digestion in early lactation cows fed corn grain harvested and
参考文献 47
processed differently. J. Dairy Sci.81: 1972
85.Knowlton, K.F., M.S.Allen, P.S.Erickson.1996.Lasaloid and particle size of corn
grain for dairy cows in early lactation: effect on performance, serum metabolites
and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci.79: 557
86.Knowlton, K.F., M.S.Allen, P.S.Erickson.1996.Lasaloid and particle size of corn
grain for dairy cows in early lactation: effect on ruminal measurements and
feeding behavior. J. Dairy Sci.79: 565
87.Koariski, S.F., R.D.Waniska, K.K.Tharn.1992.Starch hydrolysis by the ruminal
microflora.J.Nutr.122: 178
88.Kreikemeier, K. K., R. A. Stork, D. R. Brink et al. 1987. Feeding combinations of
dry cornand wheat to finishing lambs and cattles. J.Anim.Sci. 65:1647
89.Kung, L., Jr., T. H. Klusmeyer et al. 1992. Rumen fermentation and nutrient
digestion in cattle fed diets varying in forage and energy source. Anim. Feed Sci.
Tech. 39: 1
90.Lee, R. W., M. L. Galyean, G. P. Lofgreen. 1982. Effect of mixing whole shelled
and steam flaked corn in finishing diets on feedlot performance and site and extent
of digestion in beef steers. J.Anim.Sci. 55: 475
91.McAllister, T.A., L. M. Rode, K. J. Cheng et al.1992. Effect of
formaldehyde-treated barley or escape protein on the ruminal environment and
digestion in steers. Can. J.Anim.Sci. 72:317
92.McAllister, T. A., R. C. Phillippe, L. M. Rode et al.1993. Effect of the protein
matrix in the digestion of cereal grains by ruminal microorganism.
J.Anim.Sci.71:205
93.McCarthy, R.D., JR., T.H.Klusmeyer et al.1989.Effects of source of protein and
carbohydrate on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrient to the small
intestine of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.72: 2002
94.Mitzner, K. C., F. G. Owens, R. J. Grant. 1994. Comparison of sorghum and corn
grains in early and midlactation diets for dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 1044
95.Moe, P.W., H.F.Tyrrell.1977. Effects of feed intake and physical form on energy
value of corn in timothy hay diets for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.60: 752
96.Moore, J.A., M.H.Poore, T.R.Eck et al.1990. Influence of sorghum grain
processing and buffer inclusion on performance and digestibility by lactating
Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci.73(S1):127
97.Moore, J.A., M.H.Poore, T.R.Eck et al.1992. sorghum grain processing and buffer
addition for early lactation cows. J. Dairy Sci.75: 3465
48 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
98.Nocek, J.E.S.Tamminga. 1991.Site of digestible of starch in gastrointestinal tract
of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition. J. Dairy Sci.74: 3598
99.NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. washington, DC: national academy of
sciences press, 2001
100. Nussio, L. G., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al. 1998. NDF level ruminally
degradable starch on in situ degradation rate and effective degradability of
nutrients in lactating dairy cows fed sorghum diets. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):318
101. Nussio, L. G., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al. 1998. Ruminal parameters and
kinetics of digestion of lactating dairy cows fed diets with either dry- rolled or
steam-flaked sorghum and different levels of alfalfa hay. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):318
102. Oliveira, J.S., J.T.Huber, D.B.Gheclalia et al.1993. Influence of sorghum
grain processing on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.76:575
103. Oliveira, J.S., J.T.Huber, J.M.Simas et al.1995. Effect of sorghum grain
processing on site and extent of digestion of starch in lactating dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 78:1318
104. Oliveira, J.S., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al. 1992. Effect of sorghum grain
processing on site and extent of starch digestion in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 75(S1):296
105. Frskov, E.R.1986.Starch digestion and utilization in ruminants. J. Anim.
Sci.63:1624
106. Overton, T. R., L. S. Emmert, J. H. Clark et al. 1996. Effects of source of
carbohydrate and rumen-protected methionine on permance of cows. J. Dairy Sci.
79(S1):138
107. Overton, T. R., M. R. Cameron, J. P. Eilliot et al. 1995. Ruminal fermentation
and passage of nutrients to the duodenum of lactating cows fed mixtures of corn
and barley. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1981
108. Owens,F.N.,R.A.Zinn,Y.K.Kim.1986.Limits to starch digestion in the
ruminant small intestine. J. Anim. Sci.63:1634
109. Palmquist, D. L., H. R. Conrad. 1970. Effect of feeding high moisture corn to
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci 53(S1):11
110. Petit,H.V.,G.T.D.Santos.1996.Milk yield and composition of dairy cows fed
concentrate based on high moisture wheat or corn. J. Dairy Sci.79: 2292
111. Philippeau, C., B. M. Doreau. 1996. Influence of maturity stage and genotype
of corn on rate of ruminal starch degradation. J. Dairy Sci. 79(S1):138
112. Philippeau,C.,C.Martin,B.Michalet-Doreau.1999. Influence of grain source on
参考文献 49
ruminal characterizations and rate,site and extent of digestion in beef steers.
J.Anim.Sci.77: 1587
113. Philippeau, C., F. D. Monredon, B. Michalet-Doreau. 1999.
114. Plascencia, A., R.A.Zinn.1996. Influence of flake density on feeding value of
steam-processed corn in diets for lactating cows. J.Anim.Sci.74: 310
115. Poore, M.H., J.A.Moore, R.S.Swingle et al.1993.Response of lactating
Holstein cows to diets varying in fiber source and ruminal starch degradability.
Dairy Sci. 76:2235
116. Poore, M.H., J.A.Moore, R.S.Swingle et al.1991. Wheat straw or alfalfa hay
in diets with 30% NDF for lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3152
117. Poore, M.H., J.A.Moore, T.R.Eck et al.1993. Effect of fiber source and
ruminal starch degradability on site and extent of digestion in dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 76: 2244
118. Potter, G. D., J. W. McNeill, J. K. Riggs. 1971. Utilization of processed
sorghum grain proteins by steers. J.Anim.Sci. 32: 540
119. Preston, R. L. 1998. Changes in sorghum and corn grains during steps in the
steam-flaking process. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):
120. Reinhardt, C.D, R.T.Brandt, Jr. et al.1998. Performance, digestion, and
mastication efficiency of Holstein steers fed whole or processed corn in limited or
ullfed growing finishing system. J.Anim.Sci.76: 1778
121. Reis, R.B., D.K.Combs.2001. Effects of corn processing and supplemental
hay on rumen environment and lactating performance of dairy cows grazing
grass-legume pasture. J. Dairy Sci.83: 2529
122. Reis, R. B., F. S. Emeterio, D. K. Combs et al.2001. Effects of corn particle
size and source on performance of lactating cows fed direct-cut grass-legume
forage. J. Dairy Sci. 84:429
123. Reis, R. B., D. K. Combs. 2000. Effects of increasing levels of grain
supplementation on rumen environment and lactation permance of dairy cows
grazing grass-legume pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 83:288
124. Reynolds, C.K., S.B.Cammell, D.L.Humphries et al.2001. Effects of
postrumen starch infusion on milk production and energy metabolism in dairy
cows. J. Dairy Sci.84: 2250
125. Rode, L. M., L. D. Satter. 1988. Effect of amount and length of alfalfa hay in
diets containing barley or corn on site of digestion and ruminal microbial protein
synthesis in dairy cows. Can. J.Anim.Sci. 68:445
50 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
126. Rooney, L.W., R.L.Pfugfelder.1986.Factors affecting starch digestibility with
special emphasis on sorghum and corn. J.Anim.Sci.63: 1607
127. Prigge, E.C., M.L.Galyean, F.N.Owens et al.1978. Microbial protein synthesis
in steers fed processed corn rations. J.Anim.Sci.46: 249
128. San Emeterio, F., R.B.Reis, W.E.Campos et al.2000.Effects of coarse or fine
grinding on utilization of dry or ensiled corn by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci.83:2839
129. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1997.Comparision of barley and
sorghum grain processed at different densities for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci.80: 2098
130. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.2000. Effects of grain processing
and bovine somatotropin on metabolism and ovarian activity of dairy cows during
early lactation. J. Dairy Sci.83: 1004
131. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1995. Response of high producing
dairy cows to different protein sources when fed steam-flaked sorghum diets. J.
Dairy Sci. 78(S1):294
132. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al. 1998. Milk yield and
composition of lactating cows fed steam-flaked sorghum and graded
concentrations of ruminally degradable protein. J. Dairy Sci.81:215
133. Santos, J.E.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1997. Response of lactating dairy
cows to steam-flaked sorghum, steam-flaked corn or steam-rolled corn and protein
sources of differing degradability and quality. J. Dairy Sci.80(S1):212
134. Santos, J.E.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1999. Performance and nutrient
digestibility by dairy cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed diets with
steam-flaked sorghum or steam-rolled corn during early lactation. J. Dairy
Sci.82:404
135. Santos, J.E.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1999. Response of lactating dairy
cows to steam flaked sorghum, steam flaked or steam-rolled corn and protein
sources of different degradability. J. Dairy Sci.82: 728
136. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1997.Response of lactating dairy
cows to various densities of sorghum grain. J.Anim.Sci.75: 1681
137. Schwab, C. G., C. K. Bozak, N. L. Whitehouse et al. 1992. AA limitation and
flow to the duodenum at four stages of lactation J. Dairy Sci.75:3486
138. Scott, T. L., C. T. Milton, G. E. Erickson et al. 2003. Corn processing method
in finishing diets containing wet corn gluten feed. J.Anim.Sci. 81:3182
参考文献 51
139. Seymour, W.M., J.S.Jones, J.E.Necek et al.1993. Effects of grain type and
processing method on lactational performance. J. Dairy Sci.76(s1):308
140. Shabi, Z., I. Bruckental, Y. Aharoni et al. 1998. Starch digestion and
utilization in ruminants. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):317
141. Simas, J., J.T.Huber, Z.Wu et al.1992. Effects of steam-flaked sorghum grain
on milk and milk composition yields in cows fed supplemental fat. J. Dairy
Sci.75(s1):298
142. Simas, J., J.T.Huber, Z.Wu et al.1995. Influence of sorghum grain processing
and fat supplementation on ruminal fermentation in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.
78:1526
143. Sindt, J. J., J. S. Drouillard, E. C. Titgemeyer et al. 2002. Evalution of
finishing performance carcass characteristics, acid-resitant E. coli and total
coliforms from steers feed combinations of wet corn gluten feed and steam-flaked
corn. J.Anim.Sci. 80:3328
144. Sindt, J. J., J. S. Drouillard, E. C. Titgemeyer et al. 2003. Wet corn gluten
feed and alfalfa hay combinations in steam-flaked corn finishing cattle diets
J.Anim.Sci. 81:3121
145. Slater, A. L., M. L. Eastridge, J. L. Firkins. 2000. Effects of starch sourch and
level of forage NDF on performance by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:313
146. Stock, R.A., D.R.Brink, R.A.Britton et al.1987.Feeding combinations of high
moisture corn and dry-rolled grain sorghum to finishing steers.J.Anim.Sci.65: 290
147. Stork, R. A., D. R. Brink, R. T. Brandt et al.1987.Feeding combinations of
high moisture corn and dry corn to finishing steers.J.Anim.Sci.65: 282
148. Streeter, M. N., D. G. Wagner, F. N. Owens et al. 1989. Combinations of
high-moisture harvested sorghum grain and dry-rolled corn: effects of site and
extent of digestion in beef heifers. J.Anim.Sci.67:1623
149. Stroel,H.J.,J.B.Russell.1986.Effect of pH and energy spilling on bacterial
protein synthesis by carbohydrate-limitedcultures of mixed rumen bacteria. J.
Dairy Sci. 69:2941
150. Surber, L. M. M., J. G. P. Bowman. 1998. Monensin effects on digestion of
corn or barley high-concentrate diets. J.Anim.Sci.76:1945
151. Swift, S. M., D. L. Holthaus, C. R. Richardson et al.1997. The effect of corn
hybrid on the content of crude protein, ether extract, starch availability, and
disulfide bonds. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):259
152. Swift, S. M., D. L. Holthaus, C. R. Richardson et al.1997. The effect of corn
52 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
hybrid on processing time, kwh of electricity used in steam-flaking, and flake
quality. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):259
153. Swingle, R. S., T. P. Eck, C. B. Theurer et al. 1999. Flake density of
steam-processed sorghum grain alters performances and sites of digestibility by
growing finishing steers. J.Anim.Sci. 77:1055
154. Tagari, H., K. Webb, Jr. et al. 1997. PDF flux and mammary uptake of FAA
and PBAA in lactating dairy cows fed diets containing dry rolled corn or steam
flaked sorghum grain. J. Dairy Sci. 80(s1): 213
155. Theurer, C.B.1986. Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants.
J.Anim.Sci. 63:1649
156. Theurer, C.B., Z.Wu, R. S. Swingle et al. 1991. Steam flaking sorghum grain
improves diet digestibilities and net energy lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 74(s1): 245
157. Theurer, C.B., J.S.Oliveira, Z.Wu et al. 1991. Steam flaking with two dietary
grain levels improves digestable starch intake and performance by lactating cows.
J. Dairy Sci. 74 (s1) 246
158. Theurer, C.B., J. T. Huber, A. Delgado-Elorduy et al. 1999. Invited review:
summary of steam-flaking corn or sorghum grain for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 82:1950
159. Theurer, C.B., O. Lozano, A. Alio et al. 1999. Steam-processed corn and
sorghum grain flaked at different densities alter ruminal, small intestinal, and total
tract digestibility of starch by steers. J.Anim.Sci. 77:2824
160. Titgemeyer, E. C., J. E. Shirley. 1997. Effect of processed grain sorghum and
expeller soybean meal on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
80:714
161. Uchida, K., C. S. Ballard, P. Mandebvu et al. 2000. Effect of variation in
proportion of cornmeal and steam-rolled corn in diets for dairy cows on behavior,
digestion, and yield and composition of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 84:453
162. Van Soest, A. M., M. A. Gerrit Zen, H. Devisser. 1997. Intestinal absorption
of starch in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (s1): 213
163. Varela, J.G., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1993.Ground, steam rolled, or steam
flaked corn as grain sources for high producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1):
309
164. Wilkerson, V.A., B.P.Glenn, K.R.McLeod.1997.Energy and nitrogen balance
in lactating cows fed diets containing dry or high moisture corn in either rolled or
ground form. J. Dairy Sci.80: 2487
参考文献 53
165. Wu, Z., F. T. Sleiman, F. Santos et al.1993. Milk protein production of cows
isocalorically infused with glucose in the rumen or propionate in the duodenum. J.
Dairy Sci.76 (s1): 306
166. Wu, Z., F. T. Sleiman, C.B.Theurer et al.1994. Effect of isocaloric infusion of
glucose in the rumen or propionate in the duodenum. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 1556
167. Wu, Z., L.J.Massingill, R.P.Walgenbach et al.2001. Cracked dry or finely
ground high moisture shelled corn as a supplement for grazing cows. J. Dairy
Sci.84: 2227
168. Xu, J., M. S. Allen. 1998. Effects of dietary lactose compared with ground
corn on growth rate of ruminal papillae. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):296
169. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, K. M. Koenig et al. 1997. Comparison of hull
less barley, barley, or corn for lactating cows: effects on extent of digestion and
milk production. J. Dairy Sci.80: 2475
170. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, L.M.Rode. 2001. Barley processing, forage:
concentrate, and forage length effects on chewing and digesta passage in lactating
cows. J. Dairy Sci.84:2709
171. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, L.M.Rode. 2000. Effects of barley grain
processing on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating cows. J. Dairy
Sci.83: 554
172. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, L.M.Rode. 2001. Effects of grain processing
forage to concentrate ratio, and forage particle size on rumen pH and digestion by
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.84: 2203
173. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, K. M. Koenig et al. 1997. Comparison of
hull-less barley, barley, or corn for lactating cows: effects on extent of digestion
and milk production. J. Dairy Sci.80:767
174. Ying,Y.,M.S.Allen.1998. Effects of fineness of grinding and conservation
method of corn on ruminal starch digestion kinetics in Holstein heifers before and
after calving. J. Dairy Sci.81 (s1): 318
175. Ying,Y.,M.S.Allen,M.J.V.Haar et al.1998. Effects of fineness of grinding and
conservation method of corn grain on ruminal and whole tract digestion and
ruminal microbial protein production of Holstein heifers in early lactation. J.
Dairy Sci.81(s1):339
176. Ying, Y., M.S.Allen, M.J.V.Haar et al.1998. Effects of fineness of grinding
and conservation method of corn grain on ruminal and whole tract digestion and
ruminal microbial protein production of pregnant Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci.81
54 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
(s1): 339
177. Yu, P., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al.1995. Effect of corn processing on
lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.78 (s1) 210
178. Yu, P., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al.1997. Effect of steam-flaked or steam-
rolled corn with or without Aspergillus Oryzae in the diet on performance of dairy
cows fed during hot weather. J. Dairy Sci. 80:3293
179. Yu, P., J.T.Huber, F.A.P.Santos et al.1998.Effects of ground, steam-flaked and
steam-rolled corn grains on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81: 777
180. Zinn, R.A., R.Barrajas.1997.Comparative ruminal and total tract digestion of
a finishing diet containing fresh Vs air-dry steam-flaked corn. J.Anim.Sci.95:
1704
181. Zinn, R.A.. 1990. Influence of flake density on the comparative feeding value
of steam-flaked corn on feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.68: 767
182. Zinn, R.A.. 1994. Influence of flake thickness on the feeding value of
steam-rolled wheat on feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.72: 21
183. Zinn, R.A.. 1990. Influence of steaming time on site of digestion of flaked
corn in steers. J.Anim.Sci. 68:776
184. Spicer, L. A., C. B. Theurer, J. Sowe, T. H. Noon. 1986. Ruminal and post
ruminal utilization of nitrogen and starch from sorghum grain, corn, and barley
based diets by beef steers. J.Anim.Sci. 62: 521
185. Zinn, R.A.. 1987. Influence of lasalocid and monensin plus tylosin on
comparative feeding value of steam-flaked versus dry-rolled corn in diets for
feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci. 65:256
1994
2. 李胜利，冯仰廉，莫放，肉牛真胃灌注不同水平葡萄糖和酪蛋白对日粮氮代谢
调控的研究，中国畜牧杂志 1998(4)：3
3. 宁开桂，实用饲料分析手册，中国农业科技出版社，北京：1998
４． 全国畜牧兽医总站，奶牛营养需要和饲养标准，中国农业大学出版社，北京：
2000
5. 王聪，黄应祥，刘强等，发酵对奶牛精料乙酸含量及泌乳性能的影响．动物营
养学报，２００３（３）：３７
6. 熊本海，生长肥育羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生、吸收规律及模型参数研究，中国
农业科学院博士学位论文，1998
7. 徐明，姚军虎，玉米处理方法对泌乳牛产奶性能和养分消化的影响，黄牛杂志，
2004（1）：9
8. 杨胜，饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术，北京农业大学出版社，北京：1993
９． 姚军虎，张长青，王金良等，玉米不同粉碎粒度对产奶羊生产性能的影响，中
国养羊，1993（1）
１０． 张英杰，刘月琴，冯仰廉，日粮对肉牛小肠 pH 及淀粉酶活性的影响，黄牛杂
志 １９９９（５）：２７
11.张元庆，马晓飞，孙长勉等，整粒或粉碎玉米和小麦对于生长肉牛的饲用价值，
畜牧兽医学会年会论文集，２００３
12.Aldrich, J. M., L. D. Muller, G. A. Varga. 1993. NSC and protein effects on rumen
fermentation, nutrient flow and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1091
13.Alvarez, H.J., F.J. Santini, D.H. Rearte et al. 2001. Milk production and rumen
digestion in lactating dairy cows gaizing temperate pastures and supplemental wih
dry cracked corn or high moisture corn. Anim. Feed Sci.&Tech.91: 183
14.Amaral, D.M., J.J. Veenhuizen, J. K. Drackley et al.1990. Metabolism of
propionate, glucose and carbon dioxide as affected by exogenous glucose in dairy
cows at energy equilibrium. J Dairy Sci. 73:1244
15.Andrighetto, I., P. Berzaghi, G. Cozzi et al. 1998. Effect of grain hardness on in
situ degradation of corn and on milk production. J.Anim.Sci. 76 (S1):319
16.Arieli,A.,S.Abramson,S.J.Mabjeesh et al.2001. Effect of site and source of energy
supplementation on milk yield in dairy cows. JDairy Sci. 84:462
42 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
17.Axe, D. E., K. K. Bolsen, D. L. Harmon et al. 1987. Effect of wheat and
18.high-moisture sorghum grain fed singly and in combination on ruminal
fermentation, solid and liquid flow, site and extent of digestion and feeding
performance of cattle. J.Anim.Sci. 64:897
19.Barajas, R., R. A. Rinn. 1997. Interaction of protein supplementation and corn
processing method on site and extent of starch digestion in beef cattle. J. Anim.
Sci.75(s1):254
20.Bargo, F., G. A. Pieroni, D. H. Rearte. 1998. Milk production and ruminal
fermentation of gazing dairy cows supplemented with dry ground corn or
steam-flaked corn. J. Dairy Sci. 81(s1):335
21.Bartley, J.C., A.L. Black.1966. Effect of exogenous glucose on glucose
metabolism in dairy cows . J Nutr. 89:317
22.Bauer,M.L.,D.L.Harmon,K.R.MaLeod et al.1995.Adaptation to small intestinal
starch assimilation and glucose transport in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci.73: 1828
23.Beauchemin, K. A., B. I. Farr, L. M. Rode et al. 1994. Effects of alfalfa silage
chop length and supplementation long hay on chewing and milk production of
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:1326
24.Beauchemin, K. A., McAllister, T.A., Y. Dong et al. 1994. Effects of mastication
on digestion of whole cereal grains by cattle. J.Anim.Sci. 72:236
25.Bergman, E.N.1990. Energy contributions of VFAs from the gastrointestinal tract
in various species. Physiol. Reviews 70:567
26.Bock, B. J., R. T. Brandt, Jr. et al. 1991. Mixtures of wheat and high moisture corn
in finishing diets: feedlot performance and in situ rate of starch digestion in steers.
J.Anim.Sci.69:2703
27.Boss, D. L., J. G. P. Bowman. 1996. Barley varieties for finishing steers: ruminal
characteristics and rate, site and extent of digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 1973
28.Bowman, J. G. P., J. L. Firkins. 1995. In situ particle size reduction as effected by
forage species and grinding mesh size. J.Anim.Sci.73: 439
29.Brown, M. S., M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff et al. 1997. In Vitro ammonia
concentrations of corn and sorghum as influenced by the degree of processing and
nitrogen source and level. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):253
30.Brown, M. S., M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff et al. 1997. In Vitro dry disappearance
and starch availability of corn and sorghum as influenced by the degree of
processing and nitrogen source and level. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1): 259
31.Brown, M. S., M. L. Galyean, G. C. Duff et al. 1997. In Vitro pH changes of corn
参考文献 43
and sorghum as influenced by the degree of processing and nitrogen source and
level. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):253
32.Callison, S. L., J. L. Firkins, M. L. Eastridge et al. 2001. Site of nutrient digestion
by dairy cows fed corn of diffenern particle sizes or steam rolled. J. Dairy Sci.
84:1458
33.Casper, D.P., D.J.Schngoethe, W.A.Eisenbeisz et al.1990. Response of early
lactating dairy cows fed diets varying in source in nonstrucure carbohydrate and
crude protein. J. Dairy Sci. 73:1039
34.Casper, D.P., H. A. Maiga, M. J. Brouk et al. 1999. Synchronization of
carbohydrate and protein sources on fermentation and passage rate in dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 82:1779
35.Chandler, P. T., C. N. Miller, E. Jahn. 1975. Feeding value and nutrient
preservation of high moisture corn ensiled in conxentional silos for lactating dairy
cows. J. Dairy Sci.58:682
36.Chen, K.H., J.T.Huber, J.Simas et al.1993. Effect of steam flaked or enzyme
treatments of sorghum grain on performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1):
310
37.Chen,K.H., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1994. Effect of steam flaking of corn and
sorghum grains on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.77: 1038
38.Chen, K.H., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1995. Effect of substituting steam flaked
sorghum for concentrate on lactation and digestion in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.78:
362
39.Clack, J.H., H.R. Spires, R.g. Derrirg et al.1977.Milk production, N utilization and
G Synthesis in lactating cows . J Nutr. 107:631
40.Clark, J. H., K. E. Harshbarger. 1972. High moisture corn versus dry corn, in
combination with either corn silage and hay for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
55:1474
41.Clark, J. H., W. J. Croom, K. E. Harshbarger. 1975. Feeding value of dry, ensiled,
and acid treated high moisture corn fed whole or rolled to lactating cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 58:909
42.Clark, J. H., R. A. Frobish, K. E. Harshbarger et al. 1973. Feeding value of dry,
ensiled, and acid treated high moisture corn fed with hay or haylage for lactating
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 56:1531
43.Cooper, R. J., C. T. Miton, T. J. Klopfenstein et al.2002. Effects of corn processing
on starch digestion and bacterial crube protin flow in finishing cattle. J.Anim.Sci.
44 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
80:797
44.Crocker, L.M., E.J.DePeters, J.G.Fadel.1998.Influence of processed corn grain in
diets of dairy cows on digestion of nutrients and milk composition. J. Dairy Sci.
81: 2394
45.Dann, H. M., G. A. Varga, D. E. Putnam et al. 1998. Effects of corn processing on
performance of prepartum and early postpartum dairy cattle. J.Anim.Sci.
76(S1):296
46.DeBrabander, D. L., B. G. Cottyn, C. L. Boucque. 1992. Substitution of
concentrates by ensiled high moisture maize grain in dairy cattle diets. Ainm. Feed
Sci. Technol. 39: 57
47.Defoor, P. J., M. L. Galyean, N. A. Cole et al. 1998. Effects of planting density and
processing method on the digestibility of grain sorghum by ruminants. J.Anim.Sci.
76(S1):317
48.Delahoy, J. E., L. D. Muller, L. A. Holden et al. 1998. Comparison of cracked and
steam flaked corn supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows on
pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 81(s1): 202
49.DePeters, E. J., S. J. Taylor. 1985. Effects of feeding corn or barley on
composition of milk and diet digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 68:2027
50.Dhiman, T.R., L.Satter.1993.Increasing carbohydrate availability to the rumen
microbes and its effect on animal performance. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1): 307
51.Dhiman, T.R., L.Satter.1995. Particle size and moisture content of corn grain and
their effect on dairy cow performance. J. Dairy Sci.78 (s1) 210
52.Ekinci, C., G.A.Broderick.1997. Effect of high moisture ear corn on ruminal
fermentation and milk yield. J. Dairy Sci.80: 3298
53.Elliott, J. P., J. K. Drackley, G. C. Fahey et al. 1995. Utilization of supplemental
fat by dairy cows fed dies varying in content of NSC. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1512
54.Ensor, W. L., H. H. Olson, V. F. Colenbrander. 1970. A report: committee on
classification of particle size in feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 53:689
55.Erasmus, L. J., I. Smith. 1998. Influence of protein level, protein degradability and
steam flaking of grain on production of milk and milk components by lactating
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.81 (s1): 318
56.Espindola, M. S., E. J. DePeters, J. G. Fadel et al. 1997. Effectsof wheat
processing and method of tallow addition to diets for lactating dairy cows on
nutrient digestion. J. Dairy Sci.80:1160
57.Ewing, D. L., D. E. Johnson, W. V. Rumpler. 1986. Corn particle passage and size
参考文献 45
ruduction in the rumen of beef steers. J.Anim.Sci. 63: 1509
58.Feng, P., C. W. Hunt, G. T. Pritchard et al. 1995. Effect of barley variety and
dietary barley content on digestive function in beef steers fed grass hay-based
diets. J.Anim.Sci.73:3476
59.Fiems, L. O., B. G. Cottyn, C. V. Boucque et al. 1990. Effect of grain processing
on in sacco digestibility and degradability in the rumen. Arch. Nutr. Anim. 8:713
60.Freetly, H.C., J.Klindt.1996.Changes in gut and liver glucose, lactate, insulin, and
oxygen flux in mature ewes during mesenteric or abdominal vena cava glucose
infusion. J. Nutr. 126:924
61.French, D.1973.Chemical and physical properties of starch. J.Anim.Sci.37: 1047
62.Gaebe, R.J., D.W.Sanson, I.G.Rush et al.1998. Effects of extruded corn or grain
sorghum on intake, digestibility, weight gain, and carcasses of finishing steers.
J.Anim.Sci.76: 2001
63.Galyean, M.L., D.G.Wagner, F.N.Owens.1981.Dry matter and starch disappearance
of corn and sorghum as influenced by particle size and processing. J. Dairy Sci.64:
1804
64.Grings, E. E., R. E. Roffler, D. P. Deitelhoff. 1992. Evaluation of corn and barley
as energy sourses for cows in early lactation fed alfalfa-based diets. J. Dairy Sci.
75:193
65.Hale, W. H. 1973. Influence of processing on the utilization of grains (starch) by
ruminants. J.Anim.Sci. 37: 1075
66.Hall, M.B., C.Hereijk.2001.Differences in yields of microbial crude protein form
in vitro fermentation of carbohydrates. J. Dairy Sci.84: 2486
67.Harmison, B., M. L. Eastridge, J. L. Firkins. 1997. Effect of percentsge of dietary
forage NDF and source of starch on performance of lactating Jersey cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 80:905
68.Hatfield, P. G., M. K. Petersen, C. K. Clark et al. 1993. Effects of barley variety
and restricted versus ad libitum intake on rate, site and extent of digestion by
wethers fed a high-energy diet. J.Anim.Sci.71:1390
69.Herrera-saldana, R., J.T.Huber, M.H.Poore.1990.Dry matter, crude protein and
starch degradability of fine cereal grains. J. Dairy Sci.73: 2386
70.Herrera-saldana, R., J.T.Huber.1989.Influence of varying protein and starch
degradabilities on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.72: 1471
71.Herrera-saldana, R., R.G.Alarcon, M.Torabi et al.1990. Influence of synchronizing
protein and starch degradation in the rumen on nutrient utilization and microbial
46 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 73:142
72.Huck, G.L., K.K.Keikemeier, G.L.Kuhl et al.1998. Effects of feeding combinations
of steam flaked sorghum and steam flaked, high moisture or dry-rolled corn on
growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.76:
2984
73.Huntington, G.B.1997.Starch utilization by ruminants: from basic to the bunk.
J.Anim.Sci.75: 852
74.Hurtaud, C., S.Lemosquet, H.Rulqun.2000. Effect of graded duodenal infusions of
glucose on yield and composition on milk from dairy cows diets based on grass
silage. J. Dairy Sci.83: 2952
75.Johnson, T.R., C.W.Koons.1997.Utilization of further processed high moisture
shelled corn by lactating dairy cows. J.Anim.Sci.75 (s1): 45
76.Joy, M.T., E.J. E.J.DePeters, J.G.Fadel et al.1997. Effects of corn processing on
site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.80: 2087
77.Joy, M.T., E.J. E.J.DePeters, J.G.Fadel et al.1993.Milk prodicton of cows fed diets
containing dry rolled and steam flaked corn. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1): 211
78.Kessen, T. J., D. D. Simms, G. L. Kuhl et al. 1997. Effect of grain sorghum particle
size on digestion parameters and performance of growing steers. J. Anim.
Sci.75(s1):254
79.Khorasani, G. R., E. K. Okine, J. J. Kennelly. 2001. Effects of substituting barley
grain with corn on ruminal fermentation characteristics, milk yield, and milk
composition of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2760
80.Khorasani, G. R., E. K. Okine, J. J. Kennelly. 1998. Influence of dietary starch
sources on ruminal fermentation characteristics of Holstein heifers. J. Anim.
Sci.76(s1):319
81.Khorasani, G. R., G. De Boer, B. Robinson et al. 1994. Influence of dietary protein
and starch on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:
813
82.Khorasani,, S. F., R. D. Waniska, K. K. Thurn. 1992. Starch hydrolysis by the
rumen microflora. J. Nutr. 122:178
83.Knowlton, K. F., B. P. Glenn, R. A. Erdman. 1996. Effect of corn grain maturity
and processing on performance, rumen fermentation, and site of starch digestion in
early lactation dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci.79 (s1): 138
84.Knowlton, K.F., B.P.Glenn, R.A.Erdman.1998. Performance, ruminal fermentation,
and site of starch digestion in early lactation cows fed corn grain harvested and
参考文献 47
processed differently. J. Dairy Sci.81: 1972
85.Knowlton, K.F., M.S.Allen, P.S.Erickson.1996.Lasaloid and particle size of corn
grain for dairy cows in early lactation: effect on performance, serum metabolites
and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci.79: 557
86.Knowlton, K.F., M.S.Allen, P.S.Erickson.1996.Lasaloid and particle size of corn
grain for dairy cows in early lactation: effect on ruminal measurements and
feeding behavior. J. Dairy Sci.79: 565
87.Koariski, S.F., R.D.Waniska, K.K.Tharn.1992.Starch hydrolysis by the ruminal
microflora.J.Nutr.122: 178
88.Kreikemeier, K. K., R. A. Stork, D. R. Brink et al. 1987. Feeding combinations of
dry cornand wheat to finishing lambs and cattles. J.Anim.Sci. 65:1647
89.Kung, L., Jr., T. H. Klusmeyer et al. 1992. Rumen fermentation and nutrient
digestion in cattle fed diets varying in forage and energy source. Anim. Feed Sci.
Tech. 39: 1
90.Lee, R. W., M. L. Galyean, G. P. Lofgreen. 1982. Effect of mixing whole shelled
and steam flaked corn in finishing diets on feedlot performance and site and extent
of digestion in beef steers. J.Anim.Sci. 55: 475
91.McAllister, T.A., L. M. Rode, K. J. Cheng et al.1992. Effect of
formaldehyde-treated barley or escape protein on the ruminal environment and
digestion in steers. Can. J.Anim.Sci. 72:317
92.McAllister, T. A., R. C. Phillippe, L. M. Rode et al.1993. Effect of the protein
matrix in the digestion of cereal grains by ruminal microorganism.
J.Anim.Sci.71:205
93.McCarthy, R.D., JR., T.H.Klusmeyer et al.1989.Effects of source of protein and
carbohydrate on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrient to the small
intestine of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.72: 2002
94.Mitzner, K. C., F. G. Owens, R. J. Grant. 1994. Comparison of sorghum and corn
grains in early and midlactation diets for dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 1044
95.Moe, P.W., H.F.Tyrrell.1977. Effects of feed intake and physical form on energy
value of corn in timothy hay diets for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.60: 752
96.Moore, J.A., M.H.Poore, T.R.Eck et al.1990. Influence of sorghum grain
processing and buffer inclusion on performance and digestibility by lactating
Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci.73(S1):127
97.Moore, J.A., M.H.Poore, T.R.Eck et al.1992. sorghum grain processing and buffer
addition for early lactation cows. J. Dairy Sci.75: 3465
48 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
98.Nocek, J.E.S.Tamminga. 1991.Site of digestible of starch in gastrointestinal tract
of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition. J. Dairy Sci.74: 3598
99.NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. washington, DC: national academy of
sciences press, 2001
100. Nussio, L. G., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al. 1998. NDF level ruminally
degradable starch on in situ degradation rate and effective degradability of
nutrients in lactating dairy cows fed sorghum diets. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):318
101. Nussio, L. G., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al. 1998. Ruminal parameters and
kinetics of digestion of lactating dairy cows fed diets with either dry- rolled or
steam-flaked sorghum and different levels of alfalfa hay. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):318
102. Oliveira, J.S., J.T.Huber, D.B.Gheclalia et al.1993. Influence of sorghum
grain processing on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.76:575
103. Oliveira, J.S., J.T.Huber, J.M.Simas et al.1995. Effect of sorghum grain
processing on site and extent of digestion of starch in lactating dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 78:1318
104. Oliveira, J.S., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al. 1992. Effect of sorghum grain
processing on site and extent of starch digestion in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 75(S1):296
105. Frskov, E.R.1986.Starch digestion and utilization in ruminants. J. Anim.
Sci.63:1624
106. Overton, T. R., L. S. Emmert, J. H. Clark et al. 1996. Effects of source of
carbohydrate and rumen-protected methionine on permance of cows. J. Dairy Sci.
79(S1):138
107. Overton, T. R., M. R. Cameron, J. P. Eilliot et al. 1995. Ruminal fermentation
and passage of nutrients to the duodenum of lactating cows fed mixtures of corn
and barley. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1981
108. Owens,F.N.,R.A.Zinn,Y.K.Kim.1986.Limits to starch digestion in the
ruminant small intestine. J. Anim. Sci.63:1634
109. Palmquist, D. L., H. R. Conrad. 1970. Effect of feeding high moisture corn to
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci 53(S1):11
110. Petit,H.V.,G.T.D.Santos.1996.Milk yield and composition of dairy cows fed
concentrate based on high moisture wheat or corn. J. Dairy Sci.79: 2292
111. Philippeau, C., B. M. Doreau. 1996. Influence of maturity stage and genotype
of corn on rate of ruminal starch degradation. J. Dairy Sci. 79(S1):138
112. Philippeau,C.,C.Martin,B.Michalet-Doreau.1999. Influence of grain source on
参考文献 49
ruminal characterizations and rate,site and extent of digestion in beef steers.
J.Anim.Sci.77: 1587
113. Philippeau, C., F. D. Monredon, B. Michalet-Doreau. 1999.
114. Plascencia, A., R.A.Zinn.1996. Influence of flake density on feeding value of
steam-processed corn in diets for lactating cows. J.Anim.Sci.74: 310
115. Poore, M.H., J.A.Moore, R.S.Swingle et al.1993.Response of lactating
Holstein cows to diets varying in fiber source and ruminal starch degradability.
Dairy Sci. 76:2235
116. Poore, M.H., J.A.Moore, R.S.Swingle et al.1991. Wheat straw or alfalfa hay
in diets with 30% NDF for lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3152
117. Poore, M.H., J.A.Moore, T.R.Eck et al.1993. Effect of fiber source and
ruminal starch degradability on site and extent of digestion in dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 76: 2244
118. Potter, G. D., J. W. McNeill, J. K. Riggs. 1971. Utilization of processed
sorghum grain proteins by steers. J.Anim.Sci. 32: 540
119. Preston, R. L. 1998. Changes in sorghum and corn grains during steps in the
steam-flaking process. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):
120. Reinhardt, C.D, R.T.Brandt, Jr. et al.1998. Performance, digestion, and
mastication efficiency of Holstein steers fed whole or processed corn in limited or
ullfed growing finishing system. J.Anim.Sci.76: 1778
121. Reis, R.B., D.K.Combs.2001. Effects of corn processing and supplemental
hay on rumen environment and lactating performance of dairy cows grazing
grass-legume pasture. J. Dairy Sci.83: 2529
122. Reis, R. B., F. S. Emeterio, D. K. Combs et al.2001. Effects of corn particle
size and source on performance of lactating cows fed direct-cut grass-legume
forage. J. Dairy Sci. 84:429
123. Reis, R. B., D. K. Combs. 2000. Effects of increasing levels of grain
supplementation on rumen environment and lactation permance of dairy cows
grazing grass-legume pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 83:288
124. Reynolds, C.K., S.B.Cammell, D.L.Humphries et al.2001. Effects of
postrumen starch infusion on milk production and energy metabolism in dairy
cows. J. Dairy Sci.84: 2250
125. Rode, L. M., L. D. Satter. 1988. Effect of amount and length of alfalfa hay in
diets containing barley or corn on site of digestion and ruminal microbial protein
synthesis in dairy cows. Can. J.Anim.Sci. 68:445
50 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
126. Rooney, L.W., R.L.Pfugfelder.1986.Factors affecting starch digestibility with
special emphasis on sorghum and corn. J.Anim.Sci.63: 1607
127. Prigge, E.C., M.L.Galyean, F.N.Owens et al.1978. Microbial protein synthesis
in steers fed processed corn rations. J.Anim.Sci.46: 249
128. San Emeterio, F., R.B.Reis, W.E.Campos et al.2000.Effects of coarse or fine
grinding on utilization of dry or ensiled corn by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci.83:2839
129. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1997.Comparision of barley and
sorghum grain processed at different densities for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci.80: 2098
130. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.2000. Effects of grain processing
and bovine somatotropin on metabolism and ovarian activity of dairy cows during
early lactation. J. Dairy Sci.83: 1004
131. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1995. Response of high producing
dairy cows to different protein sources when fed steam-flaked sorghum diets. J.
Dairy Sci. 78(S1):294
132. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al. 1998. Milk yield and
composition of lactating cows fed steam-flaked sorghum and graded
concentrations of ruminally degradable protein. J. Dairy Sci.81:215
133. Santos, J.E.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1997. Response of lactating dairy
cows to steam-flaked sorghum, steam-flaked corn or steam-rolled corn and protein
sources of differing degradability and quality. J. Dairy Sci.80(S1):212
134. Santos, J.E.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1999. Performance and nutrient
digestibility by dairy cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed diets with
steam-flaked sorghum or steam-rolled corn during early lactation. J. Dairy
Sci.82:404
135. Santos, J.E.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1999. Response of lactating dairy
cows to steam flaked sorghum, steam flaked or steam-rolled corn and protein
sources of different degradability. J. Dairy Sci.82: 728
136. Santos, F.A.P., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1997.Response of lactating dairy
cows to various densities of sorghum grain. J.Anim.Sci.75: 1681
137. Schwab, C. G., C. K. Bozak, N. L. Whitehouse et al. 1992. AA limitation and
flow to the duodenum at four stages of lactation J. Dairy Sci.75:3486
138. Scott, T. L., C. T. Milton, G. E. Erickson et al. 2003. Corn processing method
in finishing diets containing wet corn gluten feed. J.Anim.Sci. 81:3182
参考文献 51
139. Seymour, W.M., J.S.Jones, J.E.Necek et al.1993. Effects of grain type and
processing method on lactational performance. J. Dairy Sci.76(s1):308
140. Shabi, Z., I. Bruckental, Y. Aharoni et al. 1998. Starch digestion and
utilization in ruminants. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):317
141. Simas, J., J.T.Huber, Z.Wu et al.1992. Effects of steam-flaked sorghum grain
on milk and milk composition yields in cows fed supplemental fat. J. Dairy
Sci.75(s1):298
142. Simas, J., J.T.Huber, Z.Wu et al.1995. Influence of sorghum grain processing
and fat supplementation on ruminal fermentation in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci.
78:1526
143. Sindt, J. J., J. S. Drouillard, E. C. Titgemeyer et al. 2002. Evalution of
finishing performance carcass characteristics, acid-resitant E. coli and total
coliforms from steers feed combinations of wet corn gluten feed and steam-flaked
corn. J.Anim.Sci. 80:3328
144. Sindt, J. J., J. S. Drouillard, E. C. Titgemeyer et al. 2003. Wet corn gluten
feed and alfalfa hay combinations in steam-flaked corn finishing cattle diets
J.Anim.Sci. 81:3121
145. Slater, A. L., M. L. Eastridge, J. L. Firkins. 2000. Effects of starch sourch and
level of forage NDF on performance by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:313
146. Stock, R.A., D.R.Brink, R.A.Britton et al.1987.Feeding combinations of high
moisture corn and dry-rolled grain sorghum to finishing steers.J.Anim.Sci.65: 290
147. Stork, R. A., D. R. Brink, R. T. Brandt et al.1987.Feeding combinations of
high moisture corn and dry corn to finishing steers.J.Anim.Sci.65: 282
148. Streeter, M. N., D. G. Wagner, F. N. Owens et al. 1989. Combinations of
high-moisture harvested sorghum grain and dry-rolled corn: effects of site and
extent of digestion in beef heifers. J.Anim.Sci.67:1623
149. Stroel,H.J.,J.B.Russell.1986.Effect of pH and energy spilling on bacterial
protein synthesis by carbohydrate-limitedcultures of mixed rumen bacteria. J.
Dairy Sci. 69:2941
150. Surber, L. M. M., J. G. P. Bowman. 1998. Monensin effects on digestion of
corn or barley high-concentrate diets. J.Anim.Sci.76:1945
151. Swift, S. M., D. L. Holthaus, C. R. Richardson et al.1997. The effect of corn
hybrid on the content of crude protein, ether extract, starch availability, and
disulfide bonds. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):259
152. Swift, S. M., D. L. Holthaus, C. R. Richardson et al.1997. The effect of corn
52 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
hybrid on processing time, kwh of electricity used in steam-flaking, and flake
quality. J.Anim.Sci. 75(S1):259
153. Swingle, R. S., T. P. Eck, C. B. Theurer et al. 1999. Flake density of
steam-processed sorghum grain alters performances and sites of digestibility by
growing finishing steers. J.Anim.Sci. 77:1055
154. Tagari, H., K. Webb, Jr. et al. 1997. PDF flux and mammary uptake of FAA
and PBAA in lactating dairy cows fed diets containing dry rolled corn or steam
flaked sorghum grain. J. Dairy Sci. 80(s1): 213
155. Theurer, C.B.1986. Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants.
J.Anim.Sci. 63:1649
156. Theurer, C.B., Z.Wu, R. S. Swingle et al. 1991. Steam flaking sorghum grain
improves diet digestibilities and net energy lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 74(s1): 245
157. Theurer, C.B., J.S.Oliveira, Z.Wu et al. 1991. Steam flaking with two dietary
grain levels improves digestable starch intake and performance by lactating cows.
J. Dairy Sci. 74 (s1) 246
158. Theurer, C.B., J. T. Huber, A. Delgado-Elorduy et al. 1999. Invited review:
summary of steam-flaking corn or sorghum grain for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 82:1950
159. Theurer, C.B., O. Lozano, A. Alio et al. 1999. Steam-processed corn and
sorghum grain flaked at different densities alter ruminal, small intestinal, and total
tract digestibility of starch by steers. J.Anim.Sci. 77:2824
160. Titgemeyer, E. C., J. E. Shirley. 1997. Effect of processed grain sorghum and
expeller soybean meal on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
80:714
161. Uchida, K., C. S. Ballard, P. Mandebvu et al. 2000. Effect of variation in
proportion of cornmeal and steam-rolled corn in diets for dairy cows on behavior,
digestion, and yield and composition of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 84:453
162. Van Soest, A. M., M. A. Gerrit Zen, H. Devisser. 1997. Intestinal absorption
of starch in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (s1): 213
163. Varela, J.G., J.T.Huber, C.B.Theurer et al.1993.Ground, steam rolled, or steam
flaked corn as grain sources for high producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.76 (s1):
309
164. Wilkerson, V.A., B.P.Glenn, K.R.McLeod.1997.Energy and nitrogen balance
in lactating cows fed diets containing dry or high moisture corn in either rolled or
ground form. J. Dairy Sci.80: 2487
参考文献 53
165. Wu, Z., F. T. Sleiman, F. Santos et al.1993. Milk protein production of cows
isocalorically infused with glucose in the rumen or propionate in the duodenum. J.
Dairy Sci.76 (s1): 306
166. Wu, Z., F. T. Sleiman, C.B.Theurer et al.1994. Effect of isocaloric infusion of
glucose in the rumen or propionate in the duodenum. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 1556
167. Wu, Z., L.J.Massingill, R.P.Walgenbach et al.2001. Cracked dry or finely
ground high moisture shelled corn as a supplement for grazing cows. J. Dairy
Sci.84: 2227
168. Xu, J., M. S. Allen. 1998. Effects of dietary lactose compared with ground
corn on growth rate of ruminal papillae. J.Anim.Sci. 76(S1):296
169. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, K. M. Koenig et al. 1997. Comparison of hull
less barley, barley, or corn for lactating cows: effects on extent of digestion and
milk production. J. Dairy Sci.80: 2475
170. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, L.M.Rode. 2001. Barley processing, forage:
concentrate, and forage length effects on chewing and digesta passage in lactating
cows. J. Dairy Sci.84:2709
171. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, L.M.Rode. 2000. Effects of barley grain
processing on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating cows. J. Dairy
Sci.83: 554
172. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, L.M.Rode. 2001. Effects of grain processing
forage to concentrate ratio, and forage particle size on rumen pH and digestion by
dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.84: 2203
173. Yang, W.Z., K.A.Beauchemin, K. M. Koenig et al. 1997. Comparison of
hull-less barley, barley, or corn for lactating cows: effects on extent of digestion
and milk production. J. Dairy Sci.80:767
174. Ying,Y.,M.S.Allen.1998. Effects of fineness of grinding and conservation
method of corn on ruminal starch digestion kinetics in Holstein heifers before and
after calving. J. Dairy Sci.81 (s1): 318
175. Ying,Y.,M.S.Allen,M.J.V.Haar et al.1998. Effects of fineness of grinding and
conservation method of corn grain on ruminal and whole tract digestion and
ruminal microbial protein production of Holstein heifers in early lactation. J.
Dairy Sci.81(s1):339
176. Ying, Y., M.S.Allen, M.J.V.Haar et al.1998. Effects of fineness of grinding
and conservation method of corn grain on ruminal and whole tract digestion and
ruminal microbial protein production of pregnant Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci.81
54 玉米处理方法对泌乳牛泌乳性能、养分消化和血液指标的影响
(s1): 339
177. Yu, P., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al.1995. Effect of corn processing on
lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.78 (s1) 210
178. Yu, P., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer et al.1997. Effect of steam-flaked or steam-
rolled corn with or without Aspergillus Oryzae in the diet on performance of dairy
cows fed during hot weather. J. Dairy Sci. 80:3293
179. Yu, P., J.T.Huber, F.A.P.Santos et al.1998.Effects of ground, steam-flaked and
steam-rolled corn grains on performance of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81: 777
180. Zinn, R.A., R.Barrajas.1997.Comparative ruminal and total tract digestion of
a finishing diet containing fresh Vs air-dry steam-flaked corn. J.Anim.Sci.95:
1704
181. Zinn, R.A.. 1990. Influence of flake density on the comparative feeding value
of steam-flaked corn on feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.68: 767
182. Zinn, R.A.. 1994. Influence of flake thickness on the feeding value of
steam-rolled wheat on feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci.72: 21
183. Zinn, R.A.. 1990. Influence of steaming time on site of digestion of flaked
corn in steers. J.Anim.Sci. 68:776
184. Spicer, L. A., C. B. Theurer, J. Sowe, T. H. Noon. 1986. Ruminal and post
ruminal utilization of nitrogen and starch from sorghum grain, corn, and barley
based diets by beef steers. J.Anim.Sci. 62: 521
185. Zinn, R.A.. 1987. Influence of lasalocid and monensin plus tylosin on
comparative feeding value of steam-flaked versus dry-rolled corn in diets for
feedlot cattle. J.Anim.Sci. 65:256