寒牧系列苜蓿新品系在环湖地区生态适应性研究
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摘要
本文研究了在海拔3280m高寒地区六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系的生产性能及生态适应性,通过田间观测、生理生化试验、试验分析等方法对六种苜蓿新品系的生长特性、产草量、品质、抗寒性等进行测定,旨在为高海拔高寒地区提供优质高产且耐寒性强的苜蓿新品种,为该地区农牧业的发展及草场研究提供初步的科学依据。试验结果如下:
1、从物候期观测结果来看,在地处高海拔的试验区,六个寒系列苜蓿新品系各物候期普遍比低海拔地区推迟,返青期在5月3日~5月10日之间,其中寒牧6号最早,寒牧3号最迟。生长第二年苜蓿返青后,可以进入开花期,并有少量植株结荚(10%),由于高海拔地区年积温不能满足生长发育的需要,种子不能完全成熟。在本试验当中,分枝期、现蕾期、初花期均以寒牧6号和寒牧1号较早,其它品系晚2~7d。在旱作条件下,生长第二年越冬成活率达到80%~93%。
2、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系的生长特性存在显著差异(P﹤0.05),寒牧6号和寒牧5号生长速度较快,绝对生长速率和相对增长速率较大,株高较高。而寒牧4号和寒牧3号生长速度较慢,绝对生长速率和相对增长速率较小,株高较低。
3、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系的年均干草产量存在极显著差异(P﹤0.01)。寒牧6号、寒牧5号和寒牧1号年均干草产量都较高,分别为11111 kg/hm2、9877 kg/hm2和9250kg/hm2,经济性能好。寒牧3号年干草产量最低,为7812 kg/hm2,经济性能较差。
4、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系间粗蛋白和粗纤维含量存在极显著差异(P﹤0.01)。寒牧2号和寒牧5号粗蛋白含量较高,寒牧3号粗蛋白含量最低;寒牧3号粗纤维含量最高。
5、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系55%以上的根系集中在0~30cm土壤中,地下生物量差异较大,变化范围为4.65g~10.19g,其中寒牧1号最大,寒牧2号最小。
6、通过对不同月份根系中可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和电导率的测定分析,6种苜蓿品系的根系中,可溶性糖、电导率和脯氨酸的含量都随着温度的下降而逐渐升高,其中寒牧6号、寒牧1号和寒牧5号中糖和脯氨酸含量随温度的下降升高幅度较大,寒牧4号和牧3号相对较小,电导率的变化正好相反。由此说明,寒牧6号、寒牧1号和寒牧5号抗寒性相对较强,寒牧3号最弱。
从综合性状来看,供试六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系已能够在海拔3280m地区正常生长发育,根据苜蓿生长发育、产草量和抗寒越冬率等性状指标的优异,可以得出:寒牧6号、寒牧5号和寒牧1号生态适应性较其它品系强,产草量高、适口性好,可以在本地区大面积推广种植。
The study was done to determine the production performance and ecological adaptation of new varieties series of cold resistant Alfalfa at the altitude 3280m alpine region. The growth character, grass yield, quality and cold resistance were conducted by means of field observation, physiological and biochemical experiment and trial analyses. The aim of this research was to give the element science basis for agriculture and husbandry developing and pasture research.
The main results were as follows:
1. From observation results of phonological stage, we can find phonological stage of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa were put off company to low altitude, and their turn green period between 3/5 and 10/5. No.6 was the earliest and was latest. After turn green in second year, flowering were coming, and a few could be glandiferous(10%). Because accumulation temperature could not meet their needs, the seeds couldn’t mature. In this test, flowering, branching, bud appearing of No.1 and No. 6 were earliest, the others late 2~7 days. Under soil drought condition, surviving rate of live through the winter got to 80%～93%.
2. The growing character of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa had significant difference (P<0.05).No.6 and No.5 grew fast, and absolute and relative growth rates higher and Alfalfa taller than the others. No.4 and No.3 grew slowly, and the rates of absolute and relative growth lower. Alfalfa lower than those of No.5 and No.6.
3. The hay total yields of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa had extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The hay total yields of No.6, No.5 and No.1 were high which were11111 Kg/hm2,9877 Kg/hm2, 9250 Kg/hm2 respectively, and the yield of No.3 was 7812 Kg/hm2, and economic performance was bad.
4. Crude protein content and rude fiber content of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa had extremely significant difference(P<0.01). Crude protein content of No.2 and No.5 were high and No.3 was low but rude fiber content was high.
5. Root systems of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa were in 0~30cm earth. Total biomass in earth had difference and variation rang from 4.65g to 10.19g. No.1 was biggest and No.2 was lower among them. 6. Sugar content, praline content and electronic conductivity were determined. The results showed that sugar content, praline content and electronic conductivity of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa were increased with temperature decreased, sugar and praline contents of No.6, No.5 and No.1 increased greatly, and these of No.4 and No.3 increased lowly. On the contrary to electronic conductivity.
From above conclusions we can see: 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa could grow at 3280m altitude area. According to growth and development, grass yield, cold resistance and so on, arrive at conclusions as follows: cold resistances of No.6 and No.1 were the most powerful, and No.5 was better powerful, and No.3 was bad. Comprehensive evaluation of characters showed that No.6, No.5 and No.1 had preferable ecological adaptation, grass yield high and palatability well which should be extended on a large scale.
1、从物候期观测结果来看,在地处高海拔的试验区,六个寒系列苜蓿新品系各物候期普遍比低海拔地区推迟,返青期在5月3日~5月10日之间,其中寒牧6号最早,寒牧3号最迟。生长第二年苜蓿返青后,可以进入开花期,并有少量植株结荚(10%),由于高海拔地区年积温不能满足生长发育的需要,种子不能完全成熟。在本试验当中,分枝期、现蕾期、初花期均以寒牧6号和寒牧1号较早,其它品系晚2~7d。在旱作条件下,生长第二年越冬成活率达到80%~93%。
2、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系的生长特性存在显著差异(P﹤0.05),寒牧6号和寒牧5号生长速度较快,绝对生长速率和相对增长速率较大,株高较高。而寒牧4号和寒牧3号生长速度较慢,绝对生长速率和相对增长速率较小,株高较低。
3、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系的年均干草产量存在极显著差异(P﹤0.01)。寒牧6号、寒牧5号和寒牧1号年均干草产量都较高,分别为11111 kg/hm2、9877 kg/hm2和9250kg/hm2,经济性能好。寒牧3号年干草产量最低,为7812 kg/hm2,经济性能较差。
4、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系间粗蛋白和粗纤维含量存在极显著差异(P﹤0.01)。寒牧2号和寒牧5号粗蛋白含量较高,寒牧3号粗蛋白含量最低;寒牧3号粗纤维含量最高。
5、六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系55%以上的根系集中在0~30cm土壤中,地下生物量差异较大,变化范围为4.65g~10.19g,其中寒牧1号最大,寒牧2号最小。
6、通过对不同月份根系中可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和电导率的测定分析,6种苜蓿品系的根系中,可溶性糖、电导率和脯氨酸的含量都随着温度的下降而逐渐升高,其中寒牧6号、寒牧1号和寒牧5号中糖和脯氨酸含量随温度的下降升高幅度较大,寒牧4号和牧3号相对较小,电导率的变化正好相反。由此说明,寒牧6号、寒牧1号和寒牧5号抗寒性相对较强,寒牧3号最弱。
从综合性状来看,供试六种寒牧系列苜蓿新品系已能够在海拔3280m地区正常生长发育,根据苜蓿生长发育、产草量和抗寒越冬率等性状指标的优异,可以得出:寒牧6号、寒牧5号和寒牧1号生态适应性较其它品系强,产草量高、适口性好,可以在本地区大面积推广种植。
The study was done to determine the production performance and ecological adaptation of new varieties series of cold resistant Alfalfa at the altitude 3280m alpine region. The growth character, grass yield, quality and cold resistance were conducted by means of field observation, physiological and biochemical experiment and trial analyses. The aim of this research was to give the element science basis for agriculture and husbandry developing and pasture research.
The main results were as follows:
1. From observation results of phonological stage, we can find phonological stage of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa were put off company to low altitude, and their turn green period between 3/5 and 10/5. No.6 was the earliest and was latest. After turn green in second year, flowering were coming, and a few could be glandiferous(10%). Because accumulation temperature could not meet their needs, the seeds couldn’t mature. In this test, flowering, branching, bud appearing of No.1 and No. 6 were earliest, the others late 2~7 days. Under soil drought condition, surviving rate of live through the winter got to 80%～93%.
2. The growing character of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa had significant difference (P<0.05).No.6 and No.5 grew fast, and absolute and relative growth rates higher and Alfalfa taller than the others. No.4 and No.3 grew slowly, and the rates of absolute and relative growth lower. Alfalfa lower than those of No.5 and No.6.
3. The hay total yields of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa had extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The hay total yields of No.6, No.5 and No.1 were high which were11111 Kg/hm2,9877 Kg/hm2, 9250 Kg/hm2 respectively, and the yield of No.3 was 7812 Kg/hm2, and economic performance was bad.
4. Crude protein content and rude fiber content of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa had extremely significant difference(P<0.01). Crude protein content of No.2 and No.5 were high and No.3 was low but rude fiber content was high.
5. Root systems of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa were in 0~30cm earth. Total biomass in earth had difference and variation rang from 4.65g to 10.19g. No.1 was biggest and No.2 was lower among them. 6. Sugar content, praline content and electronic conductivity were determined. The results showed that sugar content, praline content and electronic conductivity of 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa were increased with temperature decreased, sugar and praline contents of No.6, No.5 and No.1 increased greatly, and these of No.4 and No.3 increased lowly. On the contrary to electronic conductivity.
From above conclusions we can see: 6 new breed series of cold resistance Alfalfa could grow at 3280m altitude area. According to growth and development, grass yield, cold resistance and so on, arrive at conclusions as follows: cold resistances of No.6 and No.1 were the most powerful, and No.5 was better powerful, and No.3 was bad. Comprehensive evaluation of characters showed that No.6, No.5 and No.1 had preferable ecological adaptation, grass yield high and palatability well which should be extended on a large scale.
引文
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