周期性断食—投喂对凡纳滨对虾氮磷收支和环境氮磷负荷的影响
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摘要
以凡纳滨对虾为实验对象，通过对其进行单周期的饥饿后再投喂和周期性断食-投喂实验，查明凡纳滨对虾达到完全补偿生长所需的时间以及在周期性断食-投喂过程中摄食、排粪、排泄、生长和蜕皮的变化规律，建立个体氮磷收支模型，探讨周期性断食-投喂方式对凡纳滨对虾氮磷收支结构以及环境氮磷负荷的影响。
单周期的饥饿后投喂实验中，饥饿1d、2d、3d的凡纳滨对虾(初始干重0.1167±0.0042g)，分别需要经过3d、5d、9d的恢复投喂其体重才能达到完全补偿生长，此时其粗蛋白含量也达到对照组水平。凡纳滨对虾在饥饿期的氮、磷排泄率均随时间变化而呈下降趋势，峰值出现在7∶00，谷值不明显；恢复投喂期各组对虾的氮、磷排泄率峰值均出现在19∶00，而谷值出现在7∶00。
周期性断食-投喂实验中，S_1(饥饿1d投喂3d)、S_2(饥饿2d投喂5d)、S_3(饥饿3d投喂9d)组凡纳滨对虾总摄食量分别为S_0(连续投喂)组的81.15％、77.19％和78.80％，总排粪量分别仅为对照组S_0的64.86％、59.08％和56.52％。S_1、S_2、S_3组对虾的终体质量、特定生长率、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均与S_0组无显著差异，食物转化率显著高于S_0组，各组对虾达到了完全补偿生长。
周期性断食-投喂实验中，各组对虾的氮磷收支方程为：
N收支 S_1：100C_N=20.1F_N+47.0U_N+41.8G_N+1.8E_N-10.8δ_N
S_2：100C_N=19.2F_N+51.9U_N+41.7G_N+1.6E_N-14.5δ_N
S_3：100C_N=18.1F_N+50.7U_N+43.2G_N+1.5E_N-13.5δ_N
S_0：100C_N=25.7F_N+45.4U_N+34.7G_N+1.7E_N-7.5δ_N
P收支 S_1：100C_P=30.9F_P+39.8U_P+25.1G_P+0.8E_P+3.4δ_P
S_2：100C_P=27.7F_P+43.3U_P+26.2G_P+0.7E_P+2.2δ_P
S_3：100C_P=26.3F_P+41.1U_P+26.0G_P+0.6E_P+6.0δ_P
S_0：100C_P=38.4F_P+35.6U_P+20.6G_P+0.7E_P+4.7δ_P(C—摄食，F—排粪，U—排泄，G—生长，E—蜕皮，δ—累计误差)
Starvation experiments of Litopenaeus vannamei were carried out under laboratory conditions. The time of completely compensatory growth, feeding, faecal production, excretion, growth and exuviation of the shrimp were measured, and the nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the shrimp were modeled. The effects of periodic starvation on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of Litopenaeus vannamei and environmental N&P loading were discussed in this paper.
In the sarvation-refeeding experiment, the shrimps which had been deprived of food for 1d, 2d and 3d need 3d, 5d and 9d respectively for completely compensatory growth and crude protein contentment. In the starvation period, the N and P excretion rate of the sarvated shrimps decreased with a maximum value at 7:00. In the refeeding period, the N and P excretion rate of shrimps maximized at 19:00 and minimized at 7:00 everyday.
In the periodic starvation experiment, group S_1 (starvating 1d every 4d), S_2 (starvating 2d every 7d), S3 (starvating 3d every 12d) and conctrol group S_0 (feeding everyday) of Litopenaeus vannamei were set. The feeding amount of group S_1, S_2, S_3 were 81.15%, 77.19% and 78.80% of that of group S_0, respectively; and the amount of faecal production of group S_1, S_2, S_3 were 64.86%, 59.08% and 56.52% of that of group So, respectively. The final dry weight, the specific growth rate, the amount of crude protein and crude lipid of shrimps had no significant differences in all groups, but the food conversion efficiency of group S_1, S_2, S_3 were higher than that of group So.
The nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the shrimp were depicted as follows:
单周期的饥饿后投喂实验中，饥饿1d、2d、3d的凡纳滨对虾(初始干重0.1167±0.0042g)，分别需要经过3d、5d、9d的恢复投喂其体重才能达到完全补偿生长，此时其粗蛋白含量也达到对照组水平。凡纳滨对虾在饥饿期的氮、磷排泄率均随时间变化而呈下降趋势，峰值出现在7∶00，谷值不明显；恢复投喂期各组对虾的氮、磷排泄率峰值均出现在19∶00，而谷值出现在7∶00。
周期性断食-投喂实验中，S_1(饥饿1d投喂3d)、S_2(饥饿2d投喂5d)、S_3(饥饿3d投喂9d)组凡纳滨对虾总摄食量分别为S_0(连续投喂)组的81.15％、77.19％和78.80％，总排粪量分别仅为对照组S_0的64.86％、59.08％和56.52％。S_1、S_2、S_3组对虾的终体质量、特定生长率、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均与S_0组无显著差异，食物转化率显著高于S_0组，各组对虾达到了完全补偿生长。
周期性断食-投喂实验中，各组对虾的氮磷收支方程为：
N收支 S_1：100C_N=20.1F_N+47.0U_N+41.8G_N+1.8E_N-10.8δ_N
S_2：100C_N=19.2F_N+51.9U_N+41.7G_N+1.6E_N-14.5δ_N
S_3：100C_N=18.1F_N+50.7U_N+43.2G_N+1.5E_N-13.5δ_N
S_0：100C_N=25.7F_N+45.4U_N+34.7G_N+1.7E_N-7.5δ_N
P收支 S_1：100C_P=30.9F_P+39.8U_P+25.1G_P+0.8E_P+3.4δ_P
S_2：100C_P=27.7F_P+43.3U_P+26.2G_P+0.7E_P+2.2δ_P
S_3：100C_P=26.3F_P+41.1U_P+26.0G_P+0.6E_P+6.0δ_P
S_0：100C_P=38.4F_P+35.6U_P+20.6G_P+0.7E_P+4.7δ_P(C—摄食，F—排粪，U—排泄，G—生长，E—蜕皮，δ—累计误差)
Starvation experiments of Litopenaeus vannamei were carried out under laboratory conditions. The time of completely compensatory growth, feeding, faecal production, excretion, growth and exuviation of the shrimp were measured, and the nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the shrimp were modeled. The effects of periodic starvation on nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of Litopenaeus vannamei and environmental N&P loading were discussed in this paper.
In the sarvation-refeeding experiment, the shrimps which had been deprived of food for 1d, 2d and 3d need 3d, 5d and 9d respectively for completely compensatory growth and crude protein contentment. In the starvation period, the N and P excretion rate of the sarvated shrimps decreased with a maximum value at 7:00. In the refeeding period, the N and P excretion rate of shrimps maximized at 19:00 and minimized at 7:00 everyday.
In the periodic starvation experiment, group S_1 (starvating 1d every 4d), S_2 (starvating 2d every 7d), S3 (starvating 3d every 12d) and conctrol group S_0 (feeding everyday) of Litopenaeus vannamei were set. The feeding amount of group S_1, S_2, S_3 were 81.15%, 77.19% and 78.80% of that of group S_0, respectively; and the amount of faecal production of group S_1, S_2, S_3 were 64.86%, 59.08% and 56.52% of that of group So, respectively. The final dry weight, the specific growth rate, the amount of crude protein and crude lipid of shrimps had no significant differences in all groups, but the food conversion efficiency of group S_1, S_2, S_3 were higher than that of group So.
The nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the shrimp were depicted as follows:
引文
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