一株放线菌代谢产物的抗菌活性研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本研究以西北农林科技大学农药研究所分离得到的一株放线菌代谢的活性物质为
    对象,对其农用抗菌谱、作用方式及安全性进行了初步的研究,主要研究结果如下:
     采用抑制菌丝生长速率法,测定了 No.24 菌株发酵液对农业和食品中常见 20 种真菌
    进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明,No.24 菌株发酵液对多种真菌的菌丝生长均有强烈的抑
    制作用,在干物质含量为 2000mg?L-1 时,对菌丝生长的平均抑制率均在 70%以上。其
    中对玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)、苹果轮纹病菌(Macrophoma kawatsukai)和番
    茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis.cintrea)的 EC50 分别是 238.95 mg?L-1、146.87 mg?L-1 和
    365.34mg?L-1,对绿色木霉(Rhizopus oryzae)的 EC50 是 421.57 mg?L-1 。抑制孢子萌发
    法的毒力测定结果表明,对玉米大斑病菌、马铃薯干腐病菌的 EC50分别是 129.33 mg?L-1
    和 184.99 mg?L-1。
     盆栽试验结果表明,No.24 菌株发酵液对黄瓜霜霉病、小麦白粉病、番茄灰霉病和
    烟草花叶病毒病均有一定的防效,保护作用均优于治疗作用。在 6000mg.L-1的浓度下,
    除了烟草花叶病毒病外,防效均在 60%以上。田间药效试验结果表明,No.24 菌株发酵
    液可以有效地控制黄瓜霜霉病、番茄灰霉病和小麦白粉病的进一步蔓延。
     显微观察发现,No.24 菌株的次生代谢产物致使菌丝在带毒培养基上生长缓慢,菌
    丝均向上长,形成伞状结构,出现不规则膨大,菌丝粗壮,大量产孢;但对菌丝的正常
    产孢没有影响,产生的孢子仍可以正常萌发。对芽管的伸长具有强烈的抑制作用。
     此外,试验也表明 No.24 菌株产生的活性物质具有较强的传导性,局部施药,对小
    麦白粉病的防治效果为 47.54%。其持效期可达 10d 左右。
     对 14 种农作物的安全性测定表明,No.24 菌株发酵液可以初步认为在农作物上使用
    是安全的。
This thesis studies on bio-activity of one actinomycetes isolated by institute of pesticide of Northwest
    Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry. Agricultural antagonistic spectrum and action of mode
    and safety appraisement have been studied. The main results are as follows:
     By means of mycelium growth rate, the fermentation products of No.24 were tested against 20 kinds
    of fungi. The results showed that the fermentation products of No.24 have strong inhibition on various
    fungi. At the concentration of 2000mg·L-1,the fermentation had an inhibition of rate more than
    70% .EC50 were 238.95 mg·L-1、146.87 mg·L-1、and 365.94 mg·L-1 respectively against Exserohilum
    turcicum、Macrophom kawatsukai and Botrytis.cintrea. The bioassay results of spore germination showed
    that the fermentation had an inhibition against Exserohilum turcicum and Fusarium solani with an EC50 of
    129.33 mg·L-1 and 184.99 mg·L-1.
     At the concentration of 6000mg·L-1, the results of pot tests showd that the fermentation products
    had a certain degree protective efficacy and therapeutic efficacy against Pseudoperonospora cubensis、
    Blumeria guaminis、Botrytis cintrea and TMV, The control efficiency were over 70%, and the protective
    efficacy was better than therapeutic efficacy.The field trails results indicated that the
    fermentation product of No.24 had a certain degree control effect against Pseudoperonospora cubensis、
    Blumeria guaminis and Botrytis.cintrea.
     The mode of action of No.24 secondary metabolize against disease fungi had been studied, the results
    showd that the fermentation had a high degree inhibition on mycelium growth and spore germination. The
    microscope observation results showed that mycelium growed slowly and upward and formed umbrella
    structure in the poisonous medium. Mycelium presented abnormal shap and crassitude. But It had no
    influence on producing spores and germinating. It had intensive inhibition on gemma elongation.
     Activity products of No.24 have strong conductibility, by means of local appling drugs, In pot
    test ,control effect against Blumeria guaminis is 47.54%; and it can persists 10d.
     Safety appraising had been studied on activity products of No.24, through appraising 14 agricultural
    crops, preliminarily judged that it was safe on agricultural crops.
引文
[1] 胡志钰. 海洋动植物附生放线菌农抗活性物质的初步研究. 研究生论文,2001,5,
     2~3
    [2] 张芝莉等. 中国有害生物综合治理论文集. 中国农业科技出版社. 1996,34~37
    [3] 田黎,固振芳等. 海洋细菌 B-9987 菌株产生的抑菌物质及对几种植物病原真菌的
     作用. 植物病理学报,2003(1):77~78
    [4] 安德荣. 生物制药的原理及方法—抗生素的制备, 中国科学文化出版社, 2002
    [5] 姚新生. 天然药物化学. 北京:人民卫生出版社,1988
    [6] 周卫平 将医药筛选方法应用于农药的探索. 世界农药, 2001, 23(4)
    [7] 沈寅初. 国内外抗生素研究和开发概况. 抗生素,1996,6(2):57~64
    [8] 姚德明等. 新农用抗菌素的筛选. 微生物学杂志,1997,17(3):41~43
    [9] 方常福等. 抗病毒抗生素的筛选. 微生物学杂志,1996,16(3):41~46
    [10] 张一宾. 微生物农药的概况和发展趋向. 国家南方农药创制中心调研报告汇编,
     1999:A1-A5
    [11] 张承来,张莉,盛书祥. 微生物源农药的开发利用与创制化学新农药. 第五届新农
     药创制交流会,2003
    [12] 焦瑞身. 微生物工程. 北京:化学工业出版社,2003:315~326
    [13] 林壁润,谢双大. 半合成农用抗生素. 中国生物防治,1999,15(4):174~177
    [14] 沈寅初. 井冈霉素研究开发 25 年. 植物保护,1996(4):44~45
    [15] 朱昌雄,蒋细良,姬军红等.我国生物农药产业化现状、发展前景和展望.中国青年
     农业科学学术年报,北京:科学出版社,2002,212~216
    [16] 朱昌雄.我国微生物农药存在的问题及解决对策.微生物农药及其产业化.北京:科
     学出版社,2000,21~26
    [17] 朱昌雄,蒋细良.我国农用杀菌抗生素的研究开发现状和产业化展望. 微生物农药
     及其产业化.北京:科学出版社,2000,193~198
    [18] 朱建华,胡厚芝,向固西. 农抗 16A-6 防治蔬菜白粉病药效试验. 中国蔬菜,1985,
     3:49~51
    [19] 龙建友. 新型农用抗生素的筛选研究. 硕士论文,2003,6
    [20] 沈寅初. 农用抗生素研究开发新进展. 植保技术与推广, 1997,17(6):35~37
    [21] 侯慧,徐汉虹,林壁润等. 防治植物病害的农用抗生素的研究已应用. 河南农业科
     学,2003,11
    [22] 朱昌雄,陈守文等. 我国发酵微生物农药的发展概况与趋势. 生物加工过程,
     2003,1(1),37~39
    
    
    26 一株放线菌代谢产物的抗菌活性研究
    [23] 朱昌雄. 我国农用抗生素的研究和应用现状. 研究生论文, 北京. 1993
    [24] 张致平. 微生物药物学. 北京:化学工业出版社,2003
    [22] 郭予元. 我国IPM研究进展回顾及对21世纪初发展目标的设想. 植物保护,1998 ,
     24(1)
    [25] 吴文君.植物化学保护实验技术导论,陕西科学技术出版社,1988:43~173
    [26] 方仲达. 植病研究方法. 北京:农业出版社,1982
    [27] 黎循航,刘姝等. 链霉菌 702 所产生活性物质抑菌活性的初步研究. 江西农业大学
     学报,2002,24(6):829~832
    [27] 农业部农药检定所生测室. 农药田间药效试验准则(一).中国标准出版社,1993
    [28] 王先彬,王启燕. 香菇培养物水浸液对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)浸染新叶烟的抑制
     作用. 微生物学报,1986,26(4):363~365
    [29] 谢彦洁,张君成,陈育新等. 多菌灵和井冈霉素对香蕉苗纹枯病的作用方式测定.
     广西植保,1999,12(2):2~6
    [30] 陈如梅,李金玉,康振生等. 戊唑淳对小麦纹枯菌超微结构的影响. 菌物系统,
     2000,19(3):389~395
    [31] 陈万义. 瞻望 21 世纪的农药—环境制约下的农药. 植物保护. 1998, 24(5)
    [32] 刘志俊. 国外农药发展现状及未来展望. 农药科学与管理 2000, 21(2)
    [33] 高菊芳. 生物农药的作用、应用与功效(一)—微生物产物农药. 世界农药 2001,
     23(1)
    [34] 张继忠.微生物分类学. 复旦大学出版社,1990:144~146
    [35] 林壁润,谢双大等. 抗生素 2507 对蔬菜卵病害的防治作用及稳定性研究.植物保
     护,2000,26(2):11~13
    [36] 陈涛等. 农用抗生素效价测定. 生物农药检测及其原理. 北京:农业出版社,1993,
     243~260
    [37] 尹楚道. 害虫综合防治与农业可持续发展. 安徽农学通报. 1999,5(3):7~10
    [38] 张一宾. 农药译丛,1998,20(5):1~8
    [39] 沈寅初. 农用抗生素研究开发新进展. 植保技术与推广. 1997,17(6):35~37
    [40] 施跃峰. 微生物杀虫剂研究进展. 植物保护,2000,26(5):32~34
    [41] 喻子牛. 微生物农药及其产业化. 科学出版社,2000
    [42] 向固西,胡厚芝,陈家任等. 一种新的农用抗生素—宁南霉素. 微生物学报,1995,
     35(5):368~374
    [43] 徐积恩,朱明珍. 抗生素. 北京. 科学出版社:1982
    [44] 沈萍,范秀荣. 微生物学实验. 北京:高等教育出版社,1999
    
    
    参 考 文 献 27
    [45] 赵蕾,宋家华等. 一种农用拮抗链霉菌的初步研究. 中国生物防治,1998,14(1):
     18~20
    [46] 韩熹来. 农药概论.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1995,169~171
    [47] 周德庆. 微生物学实验手册. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986
    [48] 方羽生等. 放线菌对 4 中病原真菌的拮抗作用初探. 2001,(5):39~41
    [49] 上海市农药研究所农用抗菌素组. 井冈霉素. 上海:上海人民出版社. 1972,1~52
    [50] 曹玉信. 抗生素农药----爱福丁研究与应用. 植保技术与推广, 1995,6(3):44~
     45
    [51] 朱昌雄,李永慧等. 中生菌素高产菌株的选育. 中国生物防治, 1996,1(21):
     15~19
    [52] 沈寅初,杨慧心. 沙虫抗生素阿维菌素的开发及特点. 农药译丛, 1994,16(3):
     1~13
    [53] 蒋细良,谢德龄等. 中生菌素的抗生作用. 植物病理学报,1997,27(2):133~
     138
    [54] 万方浩等. 我国生物防治研究的进展及展望. 昆虫知识,2000,37(2):65~74
    [55] 陈志谊. 微生物农药在植物病虫害防治中的应用及发展策略. 江苏农业科学,
     2001,4:39~42
    [56] 姜成林,徐丽华. 微生物资源学. 北京:科学出版社,1997
    [57] 胡志钰. 海洋动植物附生放线菌农抗活性物质的初步研究. 研究生论文 2001,5
    [58] 曾洪梅,石义萍,张克城等. 农抗 2-16 防治油菜菌核病效果研究. 中国生物防治,
     1999,15(3):117~119
    [59] 李树正. 三种杀菌剂对水稻纹枯病菌的作用特性研究. 北京:植物保护学报,
     1987,14(4):277~281
    [60] 孔建等. 枯草芽孢杆菌 B-903 菌株抗菌物质的研究. 微生物学报,1992,32(6):
     445~449
    [61] 邓先明,秦森荣,王雪峰等. 40%硫悬浮剂防治小麦白粉病的药效试验. 植物医生,
     2001,14(6):34~35
    [62] 时春喜,龙书生,王宝通等. 菜病情杀菌谱及田间药效研究. 西北农业学报,1998,
     7(4):28~31
    [63] 浦金基,曾会才. 绿色木霉 LTRl2—1 对黄瓜枯萎病菌防治作用机制的初步研究.
     热带农业科学,2002,22(4):22~28
    [64] Isono K. Antibiotics as nonpollution agricultural pesticides .In Comments in
     Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1990,2:123~142
    
    
    28 一株放线菌代谢产物的抗菌活性研究
    [65] Bateman R.outlook on agriculture . 1997,26(1):13~18
    [66] Becker, B.et al., Appl.Microbiol. 1964,12:421~423
    [67] Murata H, Suauki, K Tabaysh T, et al. Structural elucidation of aculeximycin. Ⅲ.
     Planar structure of aculeximyxin belonging to a new class of macrolide antibiotics . J
     Antibiot, 1995, 48(8): 838
    [68] Meyer P S, KuPreaz J C, and Kilian S G. Selection and evaluation of Astaxanth in
     Over-producing Mutans of Phaffia rhodozyma. World Journal of Microbiology and
     Biotechnology, 1993,9:514~520
    [69] Leonard G. Copping Review Biopesticides: a review of their action, application and
     dfficacy. Pest Mangement Science, 2000,56, 651~676
    [70] Liu Y F, Sun C H, Jin W Z. Isolation and structural identification of shengjimycin A
     and B, the major components of shengjimycins . Chin J Antibiot ,1997;22(5):328
    [71] Mathieu F. Mesenterocin 52, a bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp.
     Mesenteroedes PR 52. . Jounal of Applied Bacteriology, 1993, 74:372~379
    [72] J.L.Adrio, M.Lopez, J. Casqueiro, C.Fernmdez, et al. Electrophoretic karyotype of the
     astaxanthin- producing yeast Phaffia rhodozyma Curr. 19957:447~450
    [73] Lee S, Hong S D,Kim M S, et al. J. Microbiol Biorechnlol,1997,7(4)278~281
    [74] Leet JE,Schroeder DR,Hofstead SJ,et al.J Am Chemsoc,1992, 114:7946-7948
    [75] Mathieu F. Mesenterocin 52, a bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides
     ssp. Mesenteroedes PR 52. . Jounal of Applied Bacteriology, 1993, 74:372~379
    [76] Takizawa M, Hida T, Horiguchi T, et al.TAN-1511 A,B and C,microbial lipopertides
     with G-CSF and GM-CSF inducing activity .J Antibiot, 1995;48(7):579
     [77] Hood K A, Zarembski D G. Mycophenolate mofetil: a uniqe immunosuppressive
     agent .Am J Heath Syst pharm,1997;54(3):285
    [78] Meyer. P.S. DuPreez, J. C. and Kilian S.G. The effect of monoterpenes on astaxanthin
     production by a mutant of Phaffia rhodozyma. Biotechnology Letters,
     1994,16(2):125~128
    [79] Meyer P S, KuPreaz J C, and Kilian S G. Selection and evaluation of Astaxanth in
     Over-producing Mutans of Phaffia rhodozyma, World Journal of Microbiology and
     Biotechnology, 1993,9:514~520
    [80] M.J.Lewis,N.Ragot.M.C. Berlant, et al.Sclection of Astaxanth in Overproducing
     Murants of Phaffia rhodazyma with β -lononc. Applied and Environmental
     Microbiology, 1990,56(9):2944~2945.
    
    
    参 考 文 献 29
    [81] Murata H, Suauki, K Tabaysh T, et al. Structural elucidation of aculeximycin. Ⅲ.
     Planar structure of aculeximyxin belonging to a new class of macrolide antibiotics. J
     Antibiot, 1995, 48(8): 838
    [82] Nogami K,Maeda M. Bacteria as biocontrol agents for rearing larvae of the crab
     Portuns trituberculatus. Canada Journal of Fish Aquacuture Sciences, 1992, 49:
     2373~2376
    [83] Padilla C. Inhibition of the growth of enteropathogenic bacilli by bacteriocins produced
     by micro-organisms from the sediment of wells. Journal of Applied Bacteriology,
     1990,68:289~295
    [83] Richard Hutchinson, C:Drug synthesis by genetically engineered Micro-orgganism,
     Bio/Technology,1994
    [84] Rico-Mora R, Voltolina D, Villaescusa-Celaya J A. Biological control of Aquacultural
     Engineering,1998,19(1):1~6.
    [85] Roy K, Chatterjee S, Deshmukh S K, et al. Orbuticin, a new metabolite from
     Acremonium butyri . J Antibiot,1996;49(11):1186
    [86] Ruangpan L, Na-anan P, Direkbusaradom S. Inhibitory effect of Vibrio alginolyicus on
     the grow the of V. harveyi.Fish Pathology,1998,33(4):293~296.
    [87] R Y Stanier, E A Adelberg, J L Ingraham.(The Microbiol World),Prentice Hall Ine, New
     Jersey, USA,1976, 15~16.
    [88] Shang G D,Dai J L, Wang Y G. Construction of a stable bioengineered strain of
     biotechmycin. Chin J Biotechnol,1999;15(2):171
    [89] Smith P, Davey S. evidence for the competitive excluding of Aeromonas
     salmonsida from fish with stress inducible furunculosis by a fluorescent
     pseudomonad. . Journal of Fish Disease,1993,16:521~524
    [90] Stefansha A L, Coates N J, Mensah L M,et al. SB-21938,a novel tyrosyl tRNA
     synthelase inhibitor from a Micromonospors sp. I. Fermentation,isolation and
     properties. J Antibiot, 2000;53(4):345
    [91] Sun C H,Jiang W, Jin W Z,et al. Isolation and structure determination of shengjimycin
     E (4”-isovaleryl spiramycin I). Chin J Antibiot, 2000, 25(1): 1
    [92] Sun C H, Jin W Z. 4’-Isobutyrylspiramycin, a noval naturally occurring compound.
     Chin J Antibiot, 1998, 23(4): 253
    [93] Sundheim L, Alan R P, Albert H E. Molecular cloning of two chitinase genes from
     Serratia marcecens and their expression in Psendomounas species. Physiological and
    
    
    30 一株放线菌代谢产物的抗菌活性研究
     Molecular Plant Pathology,1988,33:483~491
    [94] Takizawa M, Hida T, Horiguchi T, et al.TAN-1511 A,B and C,microbial lipopertides
     with G-CSF and GM-CSF inducing activity J Antibiot, 1995;48(7):579
    [95] Tanasomwang V, Nakai T, Nishimura Y, et al. Vibrio inhibiting mareine bacteria
     isolated from black tiger shrimp hatchery. Fish Pathology,1998,33(5):459~466.
    [95] Tereshin I M. Polyene Antibiotics. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1976:10
    [96] Tanaka Y and Omura S. Agroactive compounds of microbial
     origin.Annu.Rev.Microbiol.1993,47:57~87
    [97] Misato T. 1983. Recet status and future aspects of agricultural antibiotics. In pesticide
     Chemistry :Human welfare and the Enviroment, ed. J. Miyamoto,p.c. Kaemey,
     PP.241-246,Oxford/Frankfurt:Pergamon
    [98] Misre AK.1986.Antibiotics as crop protectanats. In ACS Symposium Series
     320.Agricultural Usea of Antibiotics. Ed.W.A.Moats,PP. 49~60.Washington DC
     Am.Chem.Soc.
    [99] Dekker J.Bacterial plant disease control fungicides. world Review of pest Control,
     1971,10:9~23

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700