不同土壤基质对峨眉假俭草生长及抗寒性影响的研究
|
摘要
本试验以峨眉假俭草为材料，种植在石骨质土、紫色土、垃圾、河滩土、
粗砂五种不同的基质上。采用随机区组设计，研究不同基质对峨眉假俭草生
长及其抗寒性的影响，结果表明：
1.生长在五种不同土壤基质上的峨眉假俭草，绿色期平均为266天，最
长为河滩土处理，达272天。
2.峨眉假俭草在微酸性至中性土壤中均能生长良好，土壤中K、容重和
有机质对其生长影响较大。假俭草生长的最适容重范围为：1.2—1.3g/cm~3。
当假俭草植株体内K含量小于5.55g/kg为缺乏，应在七、八月对假俭草追
施一定量的K肥。
3.以河滩土为土壤基质的峨眉假俭草，抗寒性最强，半致死温度（LT_(50)）
最低，9月为-2.74℃，1月下旬为-5.65℃。采用SDS-PAGE法，通过对蛋白
条带数、相同条带的活性分析，来反映抗寒性之间的差异。以生长在河滩土
上的峨眉假俭草蛋白条带活性最强，而生长在石骨质土上的峨眉假俭草蛋白
条带活性最弱，条带数比其它处理少了一条。峨嵋假俭草蛋白质分子量集中
在小于43KD范围内，初步推知，根颈中合成的COR（冷调蛋白）分子量大
小在20.1KD-31KD之间和小于14.4KD的范围。同时，试验得出电导率法和
SDS-PAGE法是研究假俭草抗寒性有效可行的新方法。
4.以河滩土为生长基质的假俭草，表现出建坪速度最快，均一性好，是
建坪的优选方案。通过试验，得出假俭草最适生长土壤基质：河滩土和可以
替代的相似性土壤——紫色土。
Studies On Effect Of Various Soil Substrate on Growth and Cold
Resistance of Emei Centipedegrass
LiXi
(Department Of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014,
Sichuan Province, China)
Abstract: Emei Centipedegrass has been experimented on five various
soil substrate: stony soil, purple soil, beach soil, rubbish , coarse sand.
Treatments were assigned in random plot design. The result showed as
follows:
1. Average green period is 266 days. Emei Centipedegrass on beach soil
substrate is the longest which is up to 272 days.
2. Emei Centipedegrass grows well in acidulous and neutral soil, K, volume
weight and organic matter affect Emei Centi-pedegrass. 1 .2挆?1 .3g/cm3is
the suitable volume weight. K is absent when content of plant tissue less
than 5.55g/kg, Centipedegrass should be enhanced K in July and
August.
3. Centipedegrass under beach soil treatment shows strong cold
resistance, its lethal temperature (LT50) is the lowest,-2.74 揅 in
September, -5.65 慍 in January. By SDS-PAGE, it is found that cold
resistance is different from five various soil substrate through the number
of protein bands and activity. Protein activity of beach soil treatment is
the most active, but stony soil is the most inert, and moreover, number of
protein bands miss one ,companng of other treatments. Protein
40
molecular weight about Emei Centipedegrass concentrate less than
43KD, Preliminarily concluding, molecular weight of COR in root collar is
about 20.IKD-31K0 and less than 14.4KD.Both SOS-PAGE and
electrical conductivity are effective ways to study cold resistance of
Centipedegrass.
4. Under beach soil treatment, Emei Centipedegrass has the fastest turf
formation speed, the best uniform. It is significant method. A conclusion
can be drawn that beach soil and purple soil are the most distinguished
to make Centipedegrass good.
粗砂五种不同的基质上。采用随机区组设计，研究不同基质对峨眉假俭草生
长及其抗寒性的影响，结果表明：
1.生长在五种不同土壤基质上的峨眉假俭草，绿色期平均为266天，最
长为河滩土处理，达272天。
2.峨眉假俭草在微酸性至中性土壤中均能生长良好，土壤中K、容重和
有机质对其生长影响较大。假俭草生长的最适容重范围为：1.2—1.3g/cm~3。
当假俭草植株体内K含量小于5.55g/kg为缺乏，应在七、八月对假俭草追
施一定量的K肥。
3.以河滩土为土壤基质的峨眉假俭草，抗寒性最强，半致死温度（LT_(50)）
最低，9月为-2.74℃，1月下旬为-5.65℃。采用SDS-PAGE法，通过对蛋白
条带数、相同条带的活性分析，来反映抗寒性之间的差异。以生长在河滩土
上的峨眉假俭草蛋白条带活性最强，而生长在石骨质土上的峨眉假俭草蛋白
条带活性最弱，条带数比其它处理少了一条。峨嵋假俭草蛋白质分子量集中
在小于43KD范围内，初步推知，根颈中合成的COR（冷调蛋白）分子量大
小在20.1KD-31KD之间和小于14.4KD的范围。同时，试验得出电导率法和
SDS-PAGE法是研究假俭草抗寒性有效可行的新方法。
4.以河滩土为生长基质的假俭草，表现出建坪速度最快，均一性好，是
建坪的优选方案。通过试验，得出假俭草最适生长土壤基质：河滩土和可以
替代的相似性土壤——紫色土。
Studies On Effect Of Various Soil Substrate on Growth and Cold
Resistance of Emei Centipedegrass
LiXi
(Department Of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014,
Sichuan Province, China)
Abstract: Emei Centipedegrass has been experimented on five various
soil substrate: stony soil, purple soil, beach soil, rubbish , coarse sand.
Treatments were assigned in random plot design. The result showed as
follows:
1. Average green period is 266 days. Emei Centipedegrass on beach soil
substrate is the longest which is up to 272 days.
2. Emei Centipedegrass grows well in acidulous and neutral soil, K, volume
weight and organic matter affect Emei Centi-pedegrass. 1 .2挆?1 .3g/cm3is
the suitable volume weight. K is absent when content of plant tissue less
than 5.55g/kg, Centipedegrass should be enhanced K in July and
August.
3. Centipedegrass under beach soil treatment shows strong cold
resistance, its lethal temperature (LT50) is the lowest,-2.74 揅 in
September, -5.65 慍 in January. By SDS-PAGE, it is found that cold
resistance is different from five various soil substrate through the number
of protein bands and activity. Protein activity of beach soil treatment is
the most active, but stony soil is the most inert, and moreover, number of
protein bands miss one ,companng of other treatments. Protein
40
molecular weight about Emei Centipedegrass concentrate less than
43KD, Preliminarily concluding, molecular weight of COR in root collar is
about 20.IKD-31K0 and less than 14.4KD.Both SOS-PAGE and
electrical conductivity are effective ways to study cold resistance of
Centipedegrass.
4. Under beach soil treatment, Emei Centipedegrass has the fastest turf
formation speed, the best uniform. It is significant method. A conclusion
can be drawn that beach soil and purple soil are the most distinguished
to make Centipedegrass good.
引文
1．陈志一．草坪栽培管理．北京：北京农业出版社，1993，62-64
2．萧文一，孙忠晏，赵方成．中国草坪植物栽培．哈尔滨：黑龙江教育出版社，1992，226-232
3. Beard, J.B. Turfgrass: Science and culture. U.S.A. prentice-hall, Inc., Englewood cliffs, NJ. 1976,151-183
4．樊丛梅，孙洪梅．优良草坪品种—假俭草．江苏林业科技，1990，17(4)：49-50
5．韩烈保，草坪管理学，北京：北京农业大学出版社，1994，128
6．任健，毛凯，范彦．假俭草的抗性．草业科学，1998，(10)：62-65
7．李西，毛凯．假俭草研究概况．草业科学，2000，(5)：18-20
8．白昌军，韦家少，蔡碧云．暖地区草坪草品种选育及开发利用研究．草业科学，1997(6)：61-63
9．周寿荣．草坪地被植物与人类环境．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1996，82
10．徐柱．中国禾草属志，呼和浩特：内蒙古出版社，1997，207
11．谭继清，谭志坚．新编中国草坪与地被．重庆：重庆出版社，2000
12．谭继清，周福生，重庆足球场暖季型草坪早春使用的维护技术．四川草原，1995，(2)：25-28
13．李科云，孙祥贵，谭子雄．早熟禾与假俭草间植草坪效果观察．草业科学，1994(1)：61-63
14．白昌军．海南的地带草坪与城市绿化．草业科学，1993(5)：59-61
15．钟声，奎嘉祥，薛世明．云南省禾本科暖季型草坪草及水土保持植物种质资源．中国草地，1997，(1)：29-31，36
16．刘建秀，贺善安，刘永东．华东地区暖地型草坪草特征特性及经济价值．中国草地，1997，(4)：62-66
17．余玲，王彦荣．温度、光照发芽床对假俭草种子萌发的影响．草业科学，1994，(6)：52-55
18．罗雪英，罗来弟，廖佩怡．优良草坪假俭草的繁殖试验初报．广东园林，2000(1)：34-36
19．翁启勇，余德亿等．假俭草的病害种类及症状．国外畜牧学——草原与牧草，1996，(1)：12-13
20．王榕楷，丁小球，胡玉佳．三种草坪草的耐寒性及其超氧化物歧化酶作用关系初步研究．中国草地，2001，(1)：46-50
21．尚以顺，杨桦，陈燕萍．贵州南部草坪引种栽培试验研究．草业科学，1996(12)：35-38
22．张巨明，张小虎，刘照辉．暖季型草坪草的引种与评价．草业科学，1996，(12)：33-35
23. Wayn, W. Hanna. Centipedegrass Diversity and Vulnerability. Crop Science, 1995,(35):332-334
24. Wells D.W., Constantin R.J. Turfgrass compared indense shade. Louisiana Agriculture, 1983,26(4):22-23
25. Barrios, E.P. et al. Quality and yield response of four warm season lawngrass to shade conditions, Agron. J. 1986(2):270-273
26. Hook,J.E.et al. Quality and growth response of centipedegrass to extended drought. Agron. J. 1992,84:4,606-612
27. Wisenan B.R. et al. Biochemical activity of centipedegrass against fall armyworm larvae. Joural of chemical ecology, 1990,16(90):2677-2690
28. Wisenan, B.R. et al.Resistance in common centipedegrass to the fall armyworm. Journal of conomyic entomology. 1982,75:2,245-247
29. Jonson, B.J. Effect of herbicides on establishment of centipedegrass. Agron.
J., 1976,68(6) :852-855
30． Jonson, B.J. Herbicide control of burmudagrass in tall fescue , centipedegrass and zoysia turfgrass. Reseach bulletin, Georgia agricultural experiment station, 1988, (379) :24
31． Walker, J. T. Burns, R.E. Centipedegrass declines in Georgia. Reseach Bulletin. Georgia agricultural experiment station, 1995(16) :21
32． Baird, J.H. et al. Absorption, translocation and metabolism of sulfometuron in centipdegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (paspalum notatum ) weed science .1989． 37:1,42-46
33． Mccarty, L.B. et al. Centipede tolerance to postemergence applied herbicides. Proceedings, southern weed science society,39th annual meeting, 1986,148
34． Johnson, W.J. Dickens, R. Centipedegrass cold tolerance as affected by environmental factors. Agron. J. 1976,68(1) :83-85
35． W.J.Johnson and Ray Dickens. Cold tolerance evaluation of several ceatipedegrass selections Agron. J., 1977, Vol.69:100-103
36． Fry, J.D. et al. Freezing tolerance and carbohydrate content of low-temperature acclimated and nonacclimated centipedegrass. Crop. Sci. 1993,33:1051-1055
37． 徐清，刘茂春，徐昌杰.草坪草生理生化研究进展.中国草地，1998, (4) :56-60
38． W.J. Johnson and Ray Dichens. Cold tolerance evaluation of several centipedegrass selections. Agron. J., 1977, Vol. 69:100-103
39． Beard, J.B. ,Sifers, S.I., Griggs, S. D. Genetic diversity in low temperature hardiness among 35 major warm-season turfgrass genotypes. Progress report Texas Agricultural experiment station, 1991,NO. 4881/4921,56-58
40． Miller, L.C. et al. Centipedegrass and its problems . South Carolina Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. 583
41．胡叔良，赖明洲．高尔夫球场及运动场草坪．北京：中国林业出版社，1999
42. Johnson, B.J. and Carrow R.N. 1992. Influnce of soil Phand fertility programs on centipedegrass. Agron. J. 84:21-26
43. Englke,M.C.et al. Root development in selected varieties of each of four warm-season turfgrass genera progress-report Texas agricultural experiment station, 1991 ,No.4881/4921:10-17
44. Devitt, D.A. Bermudagrass. Response to leading fractions, Irrigation salinty, and soil types. Agronomy, J. 1989,(81):893-901
45. Barrios, E.P. et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on Louisiana Agriculture,. 1982, 25:3,6-7
46. Barrios, E.P. et al. Influence of certain nitrogen fertilizers on quality and growth of lawngrasses in Louisiana Bulletin, Agricultural experiment station Louisiana state university. 1982, NO.73,9,21
47．刘发民，王辉珠，孟文学．草坪科学与研究．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社，1998
48. Jonson, B.J., Garrow, R.N. Frequency of fertilizer applications and centipedegrass performance. Agron, J. 1988, (80):925-929
49. Palmetrec, H.D., Ward, C.Y. and pluenneke R.H. 1974. Influence of mineral nutrition on the cold tolerance and soluble protein fraction of centipedegrass. 1974, P.500-507. In E.c. Roberts (ed) proc. Int. Turfgrass Res. Conf., 2~(nd), Blacksburg, VA. June 1973. ASA, Madison. WI.
50. Johnson, B.J., Bums, R.E. carrow, R. N. Response of shade grown turfgrass to fertilizer treatments. Reseach bulletin agricultural experinment stations, Unversity of Georgia,1986,(350): 16
51. Johnson B.J. Carrow R.W., Burns, R. F. Centipedegrass decline and recovery as affected by fertilizer and cultural treatment. Agron. J. 1988, 80,(3):429-486
52. Pedersen, J.R. Dickens, F.R. Au centennial centipedegrass. Crop Sci. 1995,(25):364
53. Dudeck, A.E., Peacolk, C.H. Companion grass and mulch infuences on bahiagrass, centipedegrass, and st. Augustinegrass establishment. Journal of the American society for horticultural science, 1986, 111(6):844-848
54. Hook, J.E., Hanna, W.W. Drought resistance in centipedegrass culfivars Hortscience, 1994,29:12
55．孙吉雄．草坪过渡带冷地型运动场草坪的建植．国外畜牧学——草原与牧草．1996(4)：30-34
56．胡叔良．国际草坪科技动态及发展趋势．国外畜牧学——草原与牧草．1994(4)：41-44
57. Burton G.w., Jackson J.E.A method for measuring sod reserves. Agron. J., 1962, 54:53-55
58. Gatschet M.J.,Tallierro C.M.Anderson J.A..et al. Cold acclimation and alterations in bermudagrass crowns. J.Amer. soc. Hort sci., 1994,119(3) :477-480
59. Chalmers D.R.,Schmidt R.E.Bermudagrass survival as influenced by deacclimation,low tempretures and dormancy.agron. J., 1979,71:747-749
60. Anderson J.A.Tallierro C.M.Laboratory freeze tolerance of field-grown forge bermudagrass cultivars. Agron. J., 1995,87:1017-1020
61. White R.H.,Schmidt R.E.Bermudagrass response to chilling temperatures as influenced by iron and benzyladenine.crop sci.,1989,29:768-773
62. Rogers R.A.,Dunn J.H.,Nelson C.J.Photosynthesis and cold harding in zoysia and bermuclagrass. Crop.sci.,1977,17:727-732
63. Baid V.W. Low temperature and drought regulated gene expression in bermudagrass.Turfgrass and environmental research summary, 1994,32-33
64. Samla S.,Yan J.Baired W.V. Changes in polar lipid fatty acid compostion during cold acclimation in 'Middiron' and 'U_3'bermudagrass. Crop sci.,1998,38:188-195
65．吴彦奇，杨烈，胥小刚等．种间杂交狗牙根两品种引种总结报告．中国草地，1999，(6)：20-22
66．张健．种间杂交狗牙根在重庆地区的引种栽培试验．四川草原，2001，(1)：21-23
67．张巨明，任继周．暖季型草坪草营养建坪方法研究．草业学报，1997，(3)：38-43
68．翁才浩，张国平编著，作物的营养施肥与诊断技术，南昌：江西科学技术出版．1988，41，146
69．任继周．草业科学研究方法．北京：中国农业出版社，1998
70．刘建秀等．华东地区暖季型草坪草特征及其经济价值．中国草地，1997(4)：78
71．聂朝相等．草坪叶片性状的观测．中国草地，1990(6)：51-57
72．潘瑞炽，董愚得．植物生理学．上海：高等教育出版社，1979
73．孙吉雄，张志豪．几种草坪草地上和地下植物量的比较研究．草业科学．1996，13(7)：57-60
74．席嘉宾，杨中艺，陈宝书等．西安地区高等级公路边坡绿化草种的引种栽培实验．草业科学，1998，(5)：53-61
75．熊曦，吴彦奇，刘玲珑，李西．宜宾市草坪发展现状调查．四川草原，2000(3)：39-42
76．甘肃农业大学草原系主编．草原学与牧草学实习指导．兰州：甘肃科技出版社，1991
77．尚以顺，杨桦，陈燕萍．灰色系统理论在草坪引种综合评估上的初探．四川草原，1995，(2)：21-24
78．李德颖，张德顺．北京工人体育场草坪质量分析．草业学报，1998，(3)62-66
79．王钦．草坪质量评价方法，草业科学，1993(4)：69-74
80．刘建秀．草坪坪用价值综合评价体系的探讨评价体系I评价体系的建立．中国草地，1993，(1)44-47
81．孙吉雄．冷地型足球场草坪混播组合多年生黑麦草最低含量的研究．草业科学，(1995)，(4)66-70
82．毕玉芬，杨恒山，孙吉雄．建坪与管理因素对运动场草坪密度影响的研究．1995，(2)64-69
83．周保鑫，孙吉雄．兰州地区常用冷地型草坪草绿期观测实验．甘肃农业大学学报，1993，128(2)：166-168
84．魏臻武，范占炼，王槐三．不同类型草坪草的抗寒锻炼．草业科学，1997，14(3)：62-66
85．熊曦，吴彦奇，李西．狗牙根抗寒性测定技术．草业科学，2001，(2)：32-35，38
86．魏臻武，尹大海，王槐三．电导法配合Logistic方程确定燕麦冰冻半致死温度．青海畜牧兽医杂志，1995，(1)：11-13
87．朱根海，刘祖祺，朱培仁．应用logistic方程确定植物组织低温半致死温度的研究．南京农业大学学报，1986，(3)：11-16
88．王承斌，赵本喜，海淑珍等．牧草过氧化物酶同工酶与抗寒性的研究．中国草地，1989，(5)：72-74
89．李西，毛凯，熊曦，李绍才．暖季型草坪草抗寒性研究．中国草地，2000，(4)：53-58
90. Gatschet M. J. Taliaferro C. M. Andenson J. A. et al. Cold Acclimation and Alterations in Protein Synthesis in Bermudagrass Crowns. J. Amer. Soc. Hon. Sci.,1994, 119(3):477-480
91. Chalmers D.R., Schmidt R. E. Bermudagrass Survival as Influenced by Deacclimetion, Low Temperatures and Dormancy. Agronomy Journal, 1979,71:747-749
92. Anderson J.A., Taliaferro C. M. Laboratory Freeze Tolerance of Field-Grown Forage Bermudagrass Cultivars. Agronomy Journal,1995,87:1017-1020
93. Davis D. L., Gilbert W.B. Winter Hardiness and Changes in Soluble Protein Fractions of Bermudagrass. Crop Science, 1970, 10:7-9
94. Gatschet M. J., Taliaferro C. M., Porter D.R. et al. A Cold-Regulated Protein from Bermudagrass Crowns Is a Chitinase. Crop Science, 1996,36:712-718
95. Crespi M.D., Zabaleta E.J., Pontis H.G. et al. Sucrose Synthase Expression During Cold Acclimation in Wheat. Plant Physiol., 1991, 96:887-891
96. Guy C. L. Cold Acclimation and Freezing Stress Tolerance: Role of Protein Metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol.,1990,41:187-223
97．任健，毛凯．四川野生假俭草草坪建植与养护技术．中国草地，2000，(1)：78-80
98．毛凯．种植在长江中上游地区土地绿化中的作用及适宜草种的选择．草原与草坪，2000，(2)：43-45
2．萧文一，孙忠晏，赵方成．中国草坪植物栽培．哈尔滨：黑龙江教育出版社，1992，226-232
3. Beard, J.B. Turfgrass: Science and culture. U.S.A. prentice-hall, Inc., Englewood cliffs, NJ. 1976,151-183
4．樊丛梅，孙洪梅．优良草坪品种—假俭草．江苏林业科技，1990，17(4)：49-50
5．韩烈保，草坪管理学，北京：北京农业大学出版社，1994，128
6．任健，毛凯，范彦．假俭草的抗性．草业科学，1998，(10)：62-65
7．李西，毛凯．假俭草研究概况．草业科学，2000，(5)：18-20
8．白昌军，韦家少，蔡碧云．暖地区草坪草品种选育及开发利用研究．草业科学，1997(6)：61-63
9．周寿荣．草坪地被植物与人类环境．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1996，82
10．徐柱．中国禾草属志，呼和浩特：内蒙古出版社，1997，207
11．谭继清，谭志坚．新编中国草坪与地被．重庆：重庆出版社，2000
12．谭继清，周福生，重庆足球场暖季型草坪早春使用的维护技术．四川草原，1995，(2)：25-28
13．李科云，孙祥贵，谭子雄．早熟禾与假俭草间植草坪效果观察．草业科学，1994(1)：61-63
14．白昌军．海南的地带草坪与城市绿化．草业科学，1993(5)：59-61
15．钟声，奎嘉祥，薛世明．云南省禾本科暖季型草坪草及水土保持植物种质资源．中国草地，1997，(1)：29-31，36
16．刘建秀，贺善安，刘永东．华东地区暖地型草坪草特征特性及经济价值．中国草地，1997，(4)：62-66
17．余玲，王彦荣．温度、光照发芽床对假俭草种子萌发的影响．草业科学，1994，(6)：52-55
18．罗雪英，罗来弟，廖佩怡．优良草坪假俭草的繁殖试验初报．广东园林，2000(1)：34-36
19．翁启勇，余德亿等．假俭草的病害种类及症状．国外畜牧学——草原与牧草，1996，(1)：12-13
20．王榕楷，丁小球，胡玉佳．三种草坪草的耐寒性及其超氧化物歧化酶作用关系初步研究．中国草地，2001，(1)：46-50
21．尚以顺，杨桦，陈燕萍．贵州南部草坪引种栽培试验研究．草业科学，1996(12)：35-38
22．张巨明，张小虎，刘照辉．暖季型草坪草的引种与评价．草业科学，1996，(12)：33-35
23. Wayn, W. Hanna. Centipedegrass Diversity and Vulnerability. Crop Science, 1995,(35):332-334
24. Wells D.W., Constantin R.J. Turfgrass compared indense shade. Louisiana Agriculture, 1983,26(4):22-23
25. Barrios, E.P. et al. Quality and yield response of four warm season lawngrass to shade conditions, Agron. J. 1986(2):270-273
26. Hook,J.E.et al. Quality and growth response of centipedegrass to extended drought. Agron. J. 1992,84:4,606-612
27. Wisenan B.R. et al. Biochemical activity of centipedegrass against fall armyworm larvae. Joural of chemical ecology, 1990,16(90):2677-2690
28. Wisenan, B.R. et al.Resistance in common centipedegrass to the fall armyworm. Journal of conomyic entomology. 1982,75:2,245-247
29. Jonson, B.J. Effect of herbicides on establishment of centipedegrass. Agron.
J., 1976,68(6) :852-855
30． Jonson, B.J. Herbicide control of burmudagrass in tall fescue , centipedegrass and zoysia turfgrass. Reseach bulletin, Georgia agricultural experiment station, 1988, (379) :24
31． Walker, J. T. Burns, R.E. Centipedegrass declines in Georgia. Reseach Bulletin. Georgia agricultural experiment station, 1995(16) :21
32． Baird, J.H. et al. Absorption, translocation and metabolism of sulfometuron in centipdegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) and bahiagrass (paspalum notatum ) weed science .1989． 37:1,42-46
33． Mccarty, L.B. et al. Centipede tolerance to postemergence applied herbicides. Proceedings, southern weed science society,39th annual meeting, 1986,148
34． Johnson, W.J. Dickens, R. Centipedegrass cold tolerance as affected by environmental factors. Agron. J. 1976,68(1) :83-85
35． W.J.Johnson and Ray Dickens. Cold tolerance evaluation of several ceatipedegrass selections Agron. J., 1977, Vol.69:100-103
36． Fry, J.D. et al. Freezing tolerance and carbohydrate content of low-temperature acclimated and nonacclimated centipedegrass. Crop. Sci. 1993,33:1051-1055
37． 徐清，刘茂春，徐昌杰.草坪草生理生化研究进展.中国草地，1998, (4) :56-60
38． W.J. Johnson and Ray Dichens. Cold tolerance evaluation of several centipedegrass selections. Agron. J., 1977, Vol. 69:100-103
39． Beard, J.B. ,Sifers, S.I., Griggs, S. D. Genetic diversity in low temperature hardiness among 35 major warm-season turfgrass genotypes. Progress report Texas Agricultural experiment station, 1991,NO. 4881/4921,56-58
40． Miller, L.C. et al. Centipedegrass and its problems . South Carolina Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. 583
41．胡叔良，赖明洲．高尔夫球场及运动场草坪．北京：中国林业出版社，1999
42. Johnson, B.J. and Carrow R.N. 1992. Influnce of soil Phand fertility programs on centipedegrass. Agron. J. 84:21-26
43. Englke,M.C.et al. Root development in selected varieties of each of four warm-season turfgrass genera progress-report Texas agricultural experiment station, 1991 ,No.4881/4921:10-17
44. Devitt, D.A. Bermudagrass. Response to leading fractions, Irrigation salinty, and soil types. Agronomy, J. 1989,(81):893-901
45. Barrios, E.P. et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on Louisiana Agriculture,. 1982, 25:3,6-7
46. Barrios, E.P. et al. Influence of certain nitrogen fertilizers on quality and growth of lawngrasses in Louisiana Bulletin, Agricultural experiment station Louisiana state university. 1982, NO.73,9,21
47．刘发民，王辉珠，孟文学．草坪科学与研究．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社，1998
48. Jonson, B.J., Garrow, R.N. Frequency of fertilizer applications and centipedegrass performance. Agron, J. 1988, (80):925-929
49. Palmetrec, H.D., Ward, C.Y. and pluenneke R.H. 1974. Influence of mineral nutrition on the cold tolerance and soluble protein fraction of centipedegrass. 1974, P.500-507. In E.c. Roberts (ed) proc. Int. Turfgrass Res. Conf., 2~(nd), Blacksburg, VA. June 1973. ASA, Madison. WI.
50. Johnson, B.J., Bums, R.E. carrow, R. N. Response of shade grown turfgrass to fertilizer treatments. Reseach bulletin agricultural experinment stations, Unversity of Georgia,1986,(350): 16
51. Johnson B.J. Carrow R.W., Burns, R. F. Centipedegrass decline and recovery as affected by fertilizer and cultural treatment. Agron. J. 1988, 80,(3):429-486
52. Pedersen, J.R. Dickens, F.R. Au centennial centipedegrass. Crop Sci. 1995,(25):364
53. Dudeck, A.E., Peacolk, C.H. Companion grass and mulch infuences on bahiagrass, centipedegrass, and st. Augustinegrass establishment. Journal of the American society for horticultural science, 1986, 111(6):844-848
54. Hook, J.E., Hanna, W.W. Drought resistance in centipedegrass culfivars Hortscience, 1994,29:12
55．孙吉雄．草坪过渡带冷地型运动场草坪的建植．国外畜牧学——草原与牧草．1996(4)：30-34
56．胡叔良．国际草坪科技动态及发展趋势．国外畜牧学——草原与牧草．1994(4)：41-44
57. Burton G.w., Jackson J.E.A method for measuring sod reserves. Agron. J., 1962, 54:53-55
58. Gatschet M.J.,Tallierro C.M.Anderson J.A..et al. Cold acclimation and alterations in bermudagrass crowns. J.Amer. soc. Hort sci., 1994,119(3) :477-480
59. Chalmers D.R.,Schmidt R.E.Bermudagrass survival as influenced by deacclimation,low tempretures and dormancy.agron. J., 1979,71:747-749
60. Anderson J.A.Tallierro C.M.Laboratory freeze tolerance of field-grown forge bermudagrass cultivars. Agron. J., 1995,87:1017-1020
61. White R.H.,Schmidt R.E.Bermudagrass response to chilling temperatures as influenced by iron and benzyladenine.crop sci.,1989,29:768-773
62. Rogers R.A.,Dunn J.H.,Nelson C.J.Photosynthesis and cold harding in zoysia and bermuclagrass. Crop.sci.,1977,17:727-732
63. Baid V.W. Low temperature and drought regulated gene expression in bermudagrass.Turfgrass and environmental research summary, 1994,32-33
64. Samla S.,Yan J.Baired W.V. Changes in polar lipid fatty acid compostion during cold acclimation in 'Middiron' and 'U_3'bermudagrass. Crop sci.,1998,38:188-195
65．吴彦奇，杨烈，胥小刚等．种间杂交狗牙根两品种引种总结报告．中国草地，1999，(6)：20-22
66．张健．种间杂交狗牙根在重庆地区的引种栽培试验．四川草原，2001，(1)：21-23
67．张巨明，任继周．暖季型草坪草营养建坪方法研究．草业学报，1997，(3)：38-43
68．翁才浩，张国平编著，作物的营养施肥与诊断技术，南昌：江西科学技术出版．1988，41，146
69．任继周．草业科学研究方法．北京：中国农业出版社，1998
70．刘建秀等．华东地区暖季型草坪草特征及其经济价值．中国草地，1997(4)：78
71．聂朝相等．草坪叶片性状的观测．中国草地，1990(6)：51-57
72．潘瑞炽，董愚得．植物生理学．上海：高等教育出版社，1979
73．孙吉雄，张志豪．几种草坪草地上和地下植物量的比较研究．草业科学．1996，13(7)：57-60
74．席嘉宾，杨中艺，陈宝书等．西安地区高等级公路边坡绿化草种的引种栽培实验．草业科学，1998，(5)：53-61
75．熊曦，吴彦奇，刘玲珑，李西．宜宾市草坪发展现状调查．四川草原，2000(3)：39-42
76．甘肃农业大学草原系主编．草原学与牧草学实习指导．兰州：甘肃科技出版社，1991
77．尚以顺，杨桦，陈燕萍．灰色系统理论在草坪引种综合评估上的初探．四川草原，1995，(2)：21-24
78．李德颖，张德顺．北京工人体育场草坪质量分析．草业学报，1998，(3)62-66
79．王钦．草坪质量评价方法，草业科学，1993(4)：69-74
80．刘建秀．草坪坪用价值综合评价体系的探讨评价体系I评价体系的建立．中国草地，1993，(1)44-47
81．孙吉雄．冷地型足球场草坪混播组合多年生黑麦草最低含量的研究．草业科学，(1995)，(4)66-70
82．毕玉芬，杨恒山，孙吉雄．建坪与管理因素对运动场草坪密度影响的研究．1995，(2)64-69
83．周保鑫，孙吉雄．兰州地区常用冷地型草坪草绿期观测实验．甘肃农业大学学报，1993，128(2)：166-168
84．魏臻武，范占炼，王槐三．不同类型草坪草的抗寒锻炼．草业科学，1997，14(3)：62-66
85．熊曦，吴彦奇，李西．狗牙根抗寒性测定技术．草业科学，2001，(2)：32-35，38
86．魏臻武，尹大海，王槐三．电导法配合Logistic方程确定燕麦冰冻半致死温度．青海畜牧兽医杂志，1995，(1)：11-13
87．朱根海，刘祖祺，朱培仁．应用logistic方程确定植物组织低温半致死温度的研究．南京农业大学学报，1986，(3)：11-16
88．王承斌，赵本喜，海淑珍等．牧草过氧化物酶同工酶与抗寒性的研究．中国草地，1989，(5)：72-74
89．李西，毛凯，熊曦，李绍才．暖季型草坪草抗寒性研究．中国草地，2000，(4)：53-58
90. Gatschet M. J. Taliaferro C. M. Andenson J. A. et al. Cold Acclimation and Alterations in Protein Synthesis in Bermudagrass Crowns. J. Amer. Soc. Hon. Sci.,1994, 119(3):477-480
91. Chalmers D.R., Schmidt R. E. Bermudagrass Survival as Influenced by Deacclimetion, Low Temperatures and Dormancy. Agronomy Journal, 1979,71:747-749
92. Anderson J.A., Taliaferro C. M. Laboratory Freeze Tolerance of Field-Grown Forage Bermudagrass Cultivars. Agronomy Journal,1995,87:1017-1020
93. Davis D. L., Gilbert W.B. Winter Hardiness and Changes in Soluble Protein Fractions of Bermudagrass. Crop Science, 1970, 10:7-9
94. Gatschet M. J., Taliaferro C. M., Porter D.R. et al. A Cold-Regulated Protein from Bermudagrass Crowns Is a Chitinase. Crop Science, 1996,36:712-718
95. Crespi M.D., Zabaleta E.J., Pontis H.G. et al. Sucrose Synthase Expression During Cold Acclimation in Wheat. Plant Physiol., 1991, 96:887-891
96. Guy C. L. Cold Acclimation and Freezing Stress Tolerance: Role of Protein Metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol.,1990,41:187-223
97．任健，毛凯．四川野生假俭草草坪建植与养护技术．中国草地，2000，(1)：78-80
98．毛凯．种植在长江中上游地区土地绿化中的作用及适宜草种的选择．草原与草坪，2000，(2)：43-45