基于DEA模型的商业银行规模经济研究
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摘要
在金融自由化趋势下，“大即是美”流行于国际银行业。银行规模及其效应问题日益受到各方人士所关注。本文旨在对我国商业银行的规模经济问题作系统深入的探讨和研究。通过研究，期望能为我国商业银行通过兼并重组、混业经营、构建网上银行等手段扩充银行规模，发展银行规模经济提供理论支持；为构建多层次规模的商业银行体系提供理论依据；同时也希望金融管理机构在制定金融政策时，也具有一定的理论意义。
本文首先在阐述规模经济有关概念的基础上，重新界定了商业银行规模经济的内涵。分析了影响商业银行规模经济发挥的主要因素。通过国内外商业银行的对比，定性分析了我国商业银行的规模经济现状。接着，在分析比较规模经济研究方法和工具的基础上，提出了选择研究方法的标准，确立采用DEA方法，引入Tobit模型，弥补DEA方法在研究商业银行规模经济上的不足，以两阶段DEA方法来研究我国商业银行的规模经济。在此基础上，对我国商业银行在1999-2001年间的规模经济及其影响因素进行了实证分析。指明我国商业银行的规模有效区间是一个较广的数域，只要在提高我国商业银行资产利用率和资产质量的基础上，我国商业银行在规模经济方面还存在较大的发展空间。指出分析了影响我国商业银行规模经济效应发挥的一些主要因素。
在实证分析的基础上，研究了我国商业银行谋求规模经济的主要途径，指出：产权改革是我国商业提高规模经济效应的制度保障；购并是扩张规模的最快捷途径；提高技术效率、资源利用率和资产质量是解决我国商业银行规模经济问题的根本之路。
Under the trend of finance liberalization, the idea that the bigger the scale is, the better the bank is spreads in the international banking industry. The scale of banks and their effect have attracted the increasing attention of the knowledgeable personal. This article intended to study the scale economy of China commercial banks systematically and deeply. Through the research, I hope it can give the theories to support China commercial banks' developing scale economies by merging, constructing internet banks and so on. Meanwhile, I think it can do some good to supervisory authority in the course of devising finance policy.
Firstly, this paper defined the conception of scale economies of commercial banks over again after describing the relative conception of scale economies. At the same time, it analyzed the facts of affecting commercial banks' scale economies. Through comparing the scale between overseas banks and domestic ones, it analyzed the actualities of scale economies of internal commercial banks by using qualitative analysis. Secondly, after comparing the methods of studying the scale of economies, it advanced the standard of selecting a method to study scale economies. After introducing the Tobit model, this paper established the method - two-stage DEA model to study the scale economies of commercial banks. At last, this paper utilized the improved DEA model to make an overall analysis on the scale efficiency of Chinese commercial banks from 1999 to 2001. It concluded that the scope of scale on domestic commercial banks is large. If increasing the quality of assets, commercial banks have great potential development on bank scale economies.
At the end of this paper, it put forward several solutions to improve the scale efficiency of domestic commercial banks. It also concluded that the revolution of property right is system guarantee, emerge is an effective approach, increasing technology and quality of assets is root route.
本文首先在阐述规模经济有关概念的基础上，重新界定了商业银行规模经济的内涵。分析了影响商业银行规模经济发挥的主要因素。通过国内外商业银行的对比，定性分析了我国商业银行的规模经济现状。接着，在分析比较规模经济研究方法和工具的基础上，提出了选择研究方法的标准，确立采用DEA方法，引入Tobit模型，弥补DEA方法在研究商业银行规模经济上的不足，以两阶段DEA方法来研究我国商业银行的规模经济。在此基础上，对我国商业银行在1999-2001年间的规模经济及其影响因素进行了实证分析。指明我国商业银行的规模有效区间是一个较广的数域，只要在提高我国商业银行资产利用率和资产质量的基础上，我国商业银行在规模经济方面还存在较大的发展空间。指出分析了影响我国商业银行规模经济效应发挥的一些主要因素。
在实证分析的基础上，研究了我国商业银行谋求规模经济的主要途径，指出：产权改革是我国商业提高规模经济效应的制度保障；购并是扩张规模的最快捷途径；提高技术效率、资源利用率和资产质量是解决我国商业银行规模经济问题的根本之路。
Under the trend of finance liberalization, the idea that the bigger the scale is, the better the bank is spreads in the international banking industry. The scale of banks and their effect have attracted the increasing attention of the knowledgeable personal. This article intended to study the scale economy of China commercial banks systematically and deeply. Through the research, I hope it can give the theories to support China commercial banks' developing scale economies by merging, constructing internet banks and so on. Meanwhile, I think it can do some good to supervisory authority in the course of devising finance policy.
Firstly, this paper defined the conception of scale economies of commercial banks over again after describing the relative conception of scale economies. At the same time, it analyzed the facts of affecting commercial banks' scale economies. Through comparing the scale between overseas banks and domestic ones, it analyzed the actualities of scale economies of internal commercial banks by using qualitative analysis. Secondly, after comparing the methods of studying the scale of economies, it advanced the standard of selecting a method to study scale economies. After introducing the Tobit model, this paper established the method - two-stage DEA model to study the scale economies of commercial banks. At last, this paper utilized the improved DEA model to make an overall analysis on the scale efficiency of Chinese commercial banks from 1999 to 2001. It concluded that the scope of scale on domestic commercial banks is large. If increasing the quality of assets, commercial banks have great potential development on bank scale economies.
At the end of this paper, it put forward several solutions to improve the scale efficiency of domestic commercial banks. It also concluded that the revolution of property right is system guarantee, emerge is an effective approach, increasing technology and quality of assets is root route.
引文
[1]孔永新．迎接全球银行购并浪潮．第一版．北京：中国金融出版社，2000
[2]魏成龙，王华生，李仁君．企业规模经济—企业购并与企业集团发展研究．第一版．北京：中国经济出版社，1999
[3]刘光大．规模经济理论与应用研究—规模经济与经济规模分析．第一版．上海：化学工业出版社，1992
[4]徐双烨．规模经济研究评述．技术经济，1999，(2)：54—56
[5]阎洪，刘珺．“价值链”理念和银行新产品创新系统研究．金融研究，2003，(1)：28—35
[6]徐传谌，郑贵廷，齐树天．我国商业银行规模经济问题与金融改革策略分析．经济研究，2002，(10)：22—29
[7]李文军．银行越大越好吗?—兼论银行规模问题．国际金融研究，1998，(12)：60-64
[8]赵怀勇，王越．论银行规模经济．国际金融研究，1999，(4)：27-31
[9]王国红．论中国银行业的市场结构．经济评论，2002，(2)：96-103
[10]于良春，高波．中国银行业规模经济与相关产组织政策．中国工业经济，2003，(3)：40-48
[11]Mei Xue, Patrick T. Harker. Extensions of Modified DEA. WorkingPaper, the Wharton Financial Institutions Center, 1999, (7):1-35.
[12]Finn R.F.forsund, Lennart Hjalmarsson. Are all scales optimal in DEA? Theory and Empirical Evidence. www.deazone.com, 2002:1-23
[13]韩冬梅，赵振全．银行业全要素生产性和范围经济性．数量经济技术研究，2002，(7)：10-15
[14]Luc Laeven. Risk and Efficiency in East Asian Banks. The World Bank, 2001:1-38
[15]Chang, K. and Guh, Y. Linear production function and the Data Envelopment Analysis. Eur.J.Oper.Res,1991,(52):10-25
[16]K. Kerstens, P. Vanden Eeckaut. Estimating returns to scale using non-parametric deterministric technologies: A new method based on goodness-of_fit. European Journal of Research,1999,113:206-214
[17]Mickael Lothgren, Magnus Tambour. Alternative Approaches to Estimate Returns to Scale in DEA-Models. Working Paper No.90, Stockholm School of Economics. 1996:1-23.
[18]William E Bowlin. Measuring Performance: An Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis. www.deazone.com, 2000:3-27
[19]张健华．我国商业银行效率研究的DEA方法及1997-2001年效率的实证分析．金融研究，2003，(1)：11-25
[20]Holly S. Lewis. Data Envelopment Analysis: Model and Extensions. Decision Line, 2000,(4):8-11
[21]Ramesh Bhat, Bharat Bhushan and Elan Reuben. Data Envelopment Analysis. www. deazone.com, 2001:1-9
[22]Peter M.Jackson and Meryem Duygun Fethi. Evaluating Technical Efficiency of Turkish Commercial Banks: An Application of DEA and Tobit Analysis. www.deazone.com, 2002:1-19
[23]Ashton, John. Cost-efficiency, economics of scale and economics of scope in British retail banking sector. Bournemouth University, school of Finance & Law, Working Paper Series No.98-13,1998:1:-30
[24]Igor Jemric, Boris Vujcic. Efficiency of Banks in Croatia: A DEA Approach. Working Paper W-7, Croatian National Bank, 2002, (5):1-22.
[25]Chibuike U. Uche. Information Technology and Commercial banking in Nigeria. Journal of International Banking Law and Regulating, 2002, 18: 102-109.
[26]Ramesh Bhat, Bharat Bhushan and Elan Reuben. Data Envelopment Analysis. www.deazone.com, 2000:1-9
[27]Srinnives Talluri. Data Envelopment Analysis: Models and Extensive. Decision line, 2000,(5): 8-11
[28]戴相龙．对中国金融改革主要问题的思考．金融与保险，2003，(2)：8-14
[29]Seiford, L. M., and Thrall, R.M. Recent development in DEA: the mathematical programming approach to frontier analysis. J.Econom, 1990,(46): 8-18
[30]郭树清．中国金融改革和开放的主要任务．金融与保险，2002，(10)：5—7
[31]国务院发展研究中心“金融改革与金融安全”课题组．银行业开放与国有独资商业银行改革．金融与保险，2002，(7)：70-73
[32]刑学艳，陈维胜，黄安平．国有商业银行规模经济研究．中南民族学院学报．2000，(12)：62-64
[33]魏火昱，王丽．中国商业银行效率研究：一种非参数的分析．金融研究．2000，(3)：88-96
[34]胡乃武，张海峰．国有金融企业改制上市模式探讨．金融研究，2003，(5)：73-81
[35]丁志杰，王秀山，白钦先．金融体系重组中国有银行产权改革的国际经验．国际金融研究，2002，(4)：27-31
[36]张治．国有商业银行产权改革与改制上市的方式选择．金融论坛，2001，(3)：17-21
[37]赵晓菊，张霖，傅丽华．“入世”与中资商业银行产权制度创新．上海金融，2001，(2)：10-12
[38]杰拉德·克里根．银行体系改革：中国应选择哪种模式．国际金融研究，2002，(5)：21-22
[39]赵昕，薛俊波．基于DEA的商业银行竞争力分析．数量经济技术经济研究，2002，(9)：84-87
[40]杜莉，姚鑫．论我国银行业产业组织结构再造．当代经济研究，2002，(7)：54-57
[41]张循宇，陈立毅．银行并购规模与效率．农村金融研究，200l，(11)：4-8
[42]袁文福，任建军．银行并购的经济效应问题研究．金融教学与研究，2001，(5)：29-32
[43]俞洁芳．从规模经济看当代银行业并购．浙江大学学报，2000，(6)：71-76
[44]周小全．垄断与竞争．“十五”期间中国银行业产业组织问题研究．投资研究，2001，(10)：2-9
[45]许传华．金融机构市场退出的法律比较与分析．金融论坛，2002，(1)：41-47
[46]Rajiv D. Banker, Hsihui Chang. Evaluating the Super-Efficiency Procedure in Data Envelopment Analysis for Outlier Identification and for Ranking Efficient Units. School of Management, JO43, The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, 200,(10):2-19
[47]Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. Government Ownership of Banks. the Journal of Finance 2002, Ⅶ: 265-301.
[48]Laurens Cherchye, Timo Kuosmanen, Thierry Post. New Tools for Dealing with Errors-in-Variables in DEA. www.deazone.com, 2001:1-16
[49]Stanley, L.E, Li.R.J. Fuzzy multiple objective programming and compromise programming with Pareto Optimum. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1993,53:7-16
[2]魏成龙，王华生，李仁君．企业规模经济—企业购并与企业集团发展研究．第一版．北京：中国经济出版社，1999
[3]刘光大．规模经济理论与应用研究—规模经济与经济规模分析．第一版．上海：化学工业出版社，1992
[4]徐双烨．规模经济研究评述．技术经济，1999，(2)：54—56
[5]阎洪，刘珺．“价值链”理念和银行新产品创新系统研究．金融研究，2003，(1)：28—35
[6]徐传谌，郑贵廷，齐树天．我国商业银行规模经济问题与金融改革策略分析．经济研究，2002，(10)：22—29
[7]李文军．银行越大越好吗?—兼论银行规模问题．国际金融研究，1998，(12)：60-64
[8]赵怀勇，王越．论银行规模经济．国际金融研究，1999，(4)：27-31
[9]王国红．论中国银行业的市场结构．经济评论，2002，(2)：96-103
[10]于良春，高波．中国银行业规模经济与相关产组织政策．中国工业经济，2003，(3)：40-48
[11]Mei Xue, Patrick T. Harker. Extensions of Modified DEA. WorkingPaper, the Wharton Financial Institutions Center, 1999, (7):1-35.
[12]Finn R.F.forsund, Lennart Hjalmarsson. Are all scales optimal in DEA? Theory and Empirical Evidence. www.deazone.com, 2002:1-23
[13]韩冬梅，赵振全．银行业全要素生产性和范围经济性．数量经济技术研究，2002，(7)：10-15
[14]Luc Laeven. Risk and Efficiency in East Asian Banks. The World Bank, 2001:1-38
[15]Chang, K. and Guh, Y. Linear production function and the Data Envelopment Analysis. Eur.J.Oper.Res,1991,(52):10-25
[16]K. Kerstens, P. Vanden Eeckaut. Estimating returns to scale using non-parametric deterministric technologies: A new method based on goodness-of_fit. European Journal of Research,1999,113:206-214
[17]Mickael Lothgren, Magnus Tambour. Alternative Approaches to Estimate Returns to Scale in DEA-Models. Working Paper No.90, Stockholm School of Economics. 1996:1-23.
[18]William E Bowlin. Measuring Performance: An Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis. www.deazone.com, 2000:3-27
[19]张健华．我国商业银行效率研究的DEA方法及1997-2001年效率的实证分析．金融研究，2003，(1)：11-25
[20]Holly S. Lewis. Data Envelopment Analysis: Model and Extensions. Decision Line, 2000,(4):8-11
[21]Ramesh Bhat, Bharat Bhushan and Elan Reuben. Data Envelopment Analysis. www. deazone.com, 2001:1-9
[22]Peter M.Jackson and Meryem Duygun Fethi. Evaluating Technical Efficiency of Turkish Commercial Banks: An Application of DEA and Tobit Analysis. www.deazone.com, 2002:1-19
[23]Ashton, John. Cost-efficiency, economics of scale and economics of scope in British retail banking sector. Bournemouth University, school of Finance & Law, Working Paper Series No.98-13,1998:1:-30
[24]Igor Jemric, Boris Vujcic. Efficiency of Banks in Croatia: A DEA Approach. Working Paper W-7, Croatian National Bank, 2002, (5):1-22.
[25]Chibuike U. Uche. Information Technology and Commercial banking in Nigeria. Journal of International Banking Law and Regulating, 2002, 18: 102-109.
[26]Ramesh Bhat, Bharat Bhushan and Elan Reuben. Data Envelopment Analysis. www.deazone.com, 2000:1-9
[27]Srinnives Talluri. Data Envelopment Analysis: Models and Extensive. Decision line, 2000,(5): 8-11
[28]戴相龙．对中国金融改革主要问题的思考．金融与保险，2003，(2)：8-14
[29]Seiford, L. M., and Thrall, R.M. Recent development in DEA: the mathematical programming approach to frontier analysis. J.Econom, 1990,(46): 8-18
[30]郭树清．中国金融改革和开放的主要任务．金融与保险，2002，(10)：5—7
[31]国务院发展研究中心“金融改革与金融安全”课题组．银行业开放与国有独资商业银行改革．金融与保险，2002，(7)：70-73
[32]刑学艳，陈维胜，黄安平．国有商业银行规模经济研究．中南民族学院学报．2000，(12)：62-64
[33]魏火昱，王丽．中国商业银行效率研究：一种非参数的分析．金融研究．2000，(3)：88-96
[34]胡乃武，张海峰．国有金融企业改制上市模式探讨．金融研究，2003，(5)：73-81
[35]丁志杰，王秀山，白钦先．金融体系重组中国有银行产权改革的国际经验．国际金融研究，2002，(4)：27-31
[36]张治．国有商业银行产权改革与改制上市的方式选择．金融论坛，2001，(3)：17-21
[37]赵晓菊，张霖，傅丽华．“入世”与中资商业银行产权制度创新．上海金融，2001，(2)：10-12
[38]杰拉德·克里根．银行体系改革：中国应选择哪种模式．国际金融研究，2002，(5)：21-22
[39]赵昕，薛俊波．基于DEA的商业银行竞争力分析．数量经济技术经济研究，2002，(9)：84-87
[40]杜莉，姚鑫．论我国银行业产业组织结构再造．当代经济研究，2002，(7)：54-57
[41]张循宇，陈立毅．银行并购规模与效率．农村金融研究，200l，(11)：4-8
[42]袁文福，任建军．银行并购的经济效应问题研究．金融教学与研究，2001，(5)：29-32
[43]俞洁芳．从规模经济看当代银行业并购．浙江大学学报，2000，(6)：71-76
[44]周小全．垄断与竞争．“十五”期间中国银行业产业组织问题研究．投资研究，2001，(10)：2-9
[45]许传华．金融机构市场退出的法律比较与分析．金融论坛，2002，(1)：41-47
[46]Rajiv D. Banker, Hsihui Chang. Evaluating the Super-Efficiency Procedure in Data Envelopment Analysis for Outlier Identification and for Ranking Efficient Units. School of Management, JO43, The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, 200,(10):2-19
[47]Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. Government Ownership of Banks. the Journal of Finance 2002, Ⅶ: 265-301.
[48]Laurens Cherchye, Timo Kuosmanen, Thierry Post. New Tools for Dealing with Errors-in-Variables in DEA. www.deazone.com, 2001:1-16
[49]Stanley, L.E, Li.R.J. Fuzzy multiple objective programming and compromise programming with Pareto Optimum. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1993,53:7-16