基于云理论的矢量地图数据质量评估方法研究
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摘要
矢量地图作为最重要的数字地图产品已广泛应用于国家经济和国防建设中,对经济和军事活动中的各种规划和管理决策的支持作用日益增强,其质量在很大程度上左右着决策的成效,直接影响着分析结果的可靠性及应用目标的最终实现。为充分体现数字地图数据的高技术含量和高应用价值,确保数字地图数据的生命力,必须坚持把质量放在数字地图数据生产的首位。目前,矢量地图数据的生产、验收大多采用传统的人工方法进行质量检查和精度评估,难以全面、准确和客观地评估矢量地图数据的质量,从而直接影响了高质量矢量地图的生产、应用效率和应用结果的可信性,因此迫切需要进行系统和全面的矢量地图数据综合评估理论与技术研究,进而指导矢量地图的生产,为国民经济建设和社会发展提供现势性好、精度高、可靠性好、完备和易用的数字地图产品。本文在分析矢量地图数据质量特点及影响矢量地图数据质量因素的基础上,围绕矢量地图数据质量评估的理论和技术方法展开了深入的研究,主要工作和创新点如下:
1、分析了国内外地理空间数据质量研究的现状和发展趋势,依据国际地理信息质量基本元素标准和国家数字地图产品标准,并根据矢量地图数据质量检测的具体内容,提出了矢量地图数据质量元素及其子元素,给出了矢量地图数据质量的度量模型和方法,为进行质量评估奠定了基础;
2、将云理论应用于矢量地图数据质量评估领域。运用云模型把随机性和模糊性结合起来,用期望、熵、超熵解释随机性与模糊性的关联性,并通过特定结构发生器生成定性概念的定量转换值,提出了基于云模型的矢量地图数据质量综合评估方法。实验证明基于云模型的质量综合评估方法对缺陷的敏感度高,充分考虑了矢量地图数据质量的随机性和模糊性,有效解决了传统评估方法评估结果粗糙、不能同时体现质量的随机性和模糊性等问题。同时,采用专家检核和构造模拟数据检核方法对基于云模型的矢量地图数据质量评估方法进行检核,结果表明该评估方法可靠性高、符合实际情况。
3、矢量地图数据质量评估自动化的软件实现。在矢量地图数据质量检查软件“mapcheck”的基础上,设计和开发了“矢量地图数据质量评估子系统”,实现了矢量地图数据质量的自动评估,提高了矢量地图数据质量评估的效率和可靠性,该软件已用于大规模生产实践。
Vector maps have been widely applied in the national economy and the defense construction, and their support to the planning and management in the economic and military activities is increasingly obvious. The quality of vector maps can directly affect the reliability of analyzing results and the application of goal realizing. In order to fully reflect the high tech and high.value of the digital map data and to ensure its vitality, it must adhere to the quality first on the production. In recent years, a number of basic vector map databases on different scales have been completed using the traditional production methods and quality evaluation methods. These old methods are difficult to acquire accurate and objective data quality assessment, which directly affect the production of high quality vector map. There is an urgent need for systematic and comprehensive theory of comprehensive assessment of vector map data and technology research, in order to provide good potential, highly accurate, reliable, complete digital map products for national economic construction and social development. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of vector map data quality, this paper focuses on the vector map data quality assessment methods and techniques. The main work and innovations are as follows:
1. Analyze the status and development trend of geospatial data quality, according to the quality of the basic elements of international geographic information standards and national standards for digital map products. The quality elements for vector map data are presented based on the content of the quality testing, which is the basis for quality assessment;
2. The cloud theory is applied in the field of vector map data quality assessment. The feasibility of using cloud model to evaluate the quality of vector map data is analyzed in depth. The cloud model can combine the randomness and fuzziness with expected value, entropy and hyper entropy and it can get the assessment value according to one conception via a specific algorithm. Experiments show that this quality assessment method is more objective and accurate than the previous evaluation, and its evaluation results can be showed intuitively and delicately;
3. Automatic quality assessment for vector map data has been achieved. The "vector map data quality assessment subsystem" platform is built based on the mapcheck software exploited by the Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping.
1、分析了国内外地理空间数据质量研究的现状和发展趋势,依据国际地理信息质量基本元素标准和国家数字地图产品标准,并根据矢量地图数据质量检测的具体内容,提出了矢量地图数据质量元素及其子元素,给出了矢量地图数据质量的度量模型和方法,为进行质量评估奠定了基础;
2、将云理论应用于矢量地图数据质量评估领域。运用云模型把随机性和模糊性结合起来,用期望、熵、超熵解释随机性与模糊性的关联性,并通过特定结构发生器生成定性概念的定量转换值,提出了基于云模型的矢量地图数据质量综合评估方法。实验证明基于云模型的质量综合评估方法对缺陷的敏感度高,充分考虑了矢量地图数据质量的随机性和模糊性,有效解决了传统评估方法评估结果粗糙、不能同时体现质量的随机性和模糊性等问题。同时,采用专家检核和构造模拟数据检核方法对基于云模型的矢量地图数据质量评估方法进行检核,结果表明该评估方法可靠性高、符合实际情况。
3、矢量地图数据质量评估自动化的软件实现。在矢量地图数据质量检查软件“mapcheck”的基础上,设计和开发了“矢量地图数据质量评估子系统”,实现了矢量地图数据质量的自动评估,提高了矢量地图数据质量评估的效率和可靠性,该软件已用于大规模生产实践。
Vector maps have been widely applied in the national economy and the defense construction, and their support to the planning and management in the economic and military activities is increasingly obvious. The quality of vector maps can directly affect the reliability of analyzing results and the application of goal realizing. In order to fully reflect the high tech and high.value of the digital map data and to ensure its vitality, it must adhere to the quality first on the production. In recent years, a number of basic vector map databases on different scales have been completed using the traditional production methods and quality evaluation methods. These old methods are difficult to acquire accurate and objective data quality assessment, which directly affect the production of high quality vector map. There is an urgent need for systematic and comprehensive theory of comprehensive assessment of vector map data and technology research, in order to provide good potential, highly accurate, reliable, complete digital map products for national economic construction and social development. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of vector map data quality, this paper focuses on the vector map data quality assessment methods and techniques. The main work and innovations are as follows:
1. Analyze the status and development trend of geospatial data quality, according to the quality of the basic elements of international geographic information standards and national standards for digital map products. The quality elements for vector map data are presented based on the content of the quality testing, which is the basis for quality assessment;
2. The cloud theory is applied in the field of vector map data quality assessment. The feasibility of using cloud model to evaluate the quality of vector map data is analyzed in depth. The cloud model can combine the randomness and fuzziness with expected value, entropy and hyper entropy and it can get the assessment value according to one conception via a specific algorithm. Experiments show that this quality assessment method is more objective and accurate than the previous evaluation, and its evaluation results can be showed intuitively and delicately;
3. Automatic quality assessment for vector map data has been achieved. The "vector map data quality assessment subsystem" platform is built based on the mapcheck software exploited by the Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping.
引文
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[30] Yumin Tan,Tianhe Chi. Quality Conrtol of Spatial Datain Digital City[C]. Proceedings of The 2nd International Symposiumon Spatial Data Quality'03.
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[32]谭福初,裴亚波,李广兰.广州市空间数据检查系统的设计与实现[J].四川测绘,2004,27(4):170-173.
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