基于双基多普勒天气雷达资料的风场重建研究与软件开发
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摘要
本文从双基地多普勒天气雷达系统的原理出发，介绍了双基地多普勒天气雷达的坐标系、基本几何关系、双基地雷达方程。分析了双基地雷达风场合成公式，推导了双基地雷达中目标在子站中的定位方程，其中涉及到从大地坐标系到本课题所定义的坐标系的转换。并通过风场模拟资料在16km×16km×10km的范围内对风场的三个分量进行了分析，分别对匀速风场、非匀速(变速变向)风场进行了重建。结果显示，对匀速风场反演的效果很好，在进行非匀速(变向和变速)风场的模拟时发现反演的垂直速度很不理想，但反演的水平风场效果较好。通过分析发现接收机的方位角范围较广可以接收到不同方向的雷达散射信号，对接收机风场资料的准确性影响很大，同时还与散射角有关。当散射角范围在40°—150°之间时，标准偏差范围在2 ms~(-1)和3 ms~(-1)之间。
介绍了数据质量控制，包括旁瓣污染、资料的填补与平滑、双基地最大不模糊速度、从极坐标到直角坐标的转换以及在模拟风场过程中发现的问题和解决办法。运用变分法来确定旁瓣污染指数，运用线性插值进行坐标转换。
另外，在模拟及重建风场过程中，进行系统开发时，使用了VC++6.0为主要编程工具，结合工程计算语言Matlab，运用它的作图功能，来实现双基地气象雷达系统的二维和三维图形显示。
在本文的结束部分提出了用变分法估算风场垂直分量，并给出了方法步骤。
My paper introduces reference frame of bistatic Doppler weather radar, basic geometry connection and the equation of bistatic Doppler radar from the theory of bistatic Doppler weather radar . Bistatic wind fields synthesis equations are analysed and I educes target location equation in receiver including conversion from ground reference frame to one defined by us. The three wind fields components in a domain of 16km X 16km X 10km are analysed with simulated radar data so as to reconstruct uniform and shift wind fields. The result shows the effect of uniform wind fields rebuild is good , however the vertical velocity in shift one is not ideal . It is found the azimuth range of receiver is so wide that it can receive echos from different orient. Which affects the data quality of wind fields in receiver. And a standard deviation margin varying between 2 ms-1 and 3 ms-1 within a scattering angle limit of 40 to 150 .
Data quality control including sidelobe contamination , data's filling and smoothing, Nyquist velocity of bistatic Doppler radar, interpolation of velocities from a polar grid to a Cartesian grid and problems found during simulating data and solusion to them. The sidelobe contaminatin index is determined by using variational methods . Coordinate conversion with linear interpolation.
Moreover terminal system is empoldered mainly by VC++6.0 Combining with Matlab . Two- and three-dimensional graphics of bistatic Doppler radar system can be showed by using Matlab's graphics function.
The vertical velocity is going to be estimated by using a variational analysis method.
介绍了数据质量控制，包括旁瓣污染、资料的填补与平滑、双基地最大不模糊速度、从极坐标到直角坐标的转换以及在模拟风场过程中发现的问题和解决办法。运用变分法来确定旁瓣污染指数，运用线性插值进行坐标转换。
另外，在模拟及重建风场过程中，进行系统开发时，使用了VC++6.0为主要编程工具，结合工程计算语言Matlab，运用它的作图功能，来实现双基地气象雷达系统的二维和三维图形显示。
在本文的结束部分提出了用变分法估算风场垂直分量，并给出了方法步骤。
My paper introduces reference frame of bistatic Doppler weather radar, basic geometry connection and the equation of bistatic Doppler radar from the theory of bistatic Doppler weather radar . Bistatic wind fields synthesis equations are analysed and I educes target location equation in receiver including conversion from ground reference frame to one defined by us. The three wind fields components in a domain of 16km X 16km X 10km are analysed with simulated radar data so as to reconstruct uniform and shift wind fields. The result shows the effect of uniform wind fields rebuild is good , however the vertical velocity in shift one is not ideal . It is found the azimuth range of receiver is so wide that it can receive echos from different orient. Which affects the data quality of wind fields in receiver. And a standard deviation margin varying between 2 ms-1 and 3 ms-1 within a scattering angle limit of 40 to 150 .
Data quality control including sidelobe contamination , data's filling and smoothing, Nyquist velocity of bistatic Doppler radar, interpolation of velocities from a polar grid to a Cartesian grid and problems found during simulating data and solusion to them. The sidelobe contaminatin index is determined by using variational methods . Coordinate conversion with linear interpolation.
Moreover terminal system is empoldered mainly by VC++6.0 Combining with Matlab . Two- and three-dimensional graphics of bistatic Doppler radar system can be showed by using Matlab's graphics function.
The vertical velocity is going to be estimated by using a variational analysis method.
引文
[1]杨振起 张永顺 骆永军．双(多)基地雷达系统．国防工业出版社．1998
[2]田静 张庆阳．双基地多普勒天气雷达在云内风场探测中的应用研究．气象．27(12)：13—22
[3]王小谟 张光义．雷达与探测——现代战争的火眼金睛．国防工业出版社．2000
[4]Shinsuke Satoh and Joshua Wurman Accuracy of Wind Fields in Convective and Stratiform Echoes Observed by a Bistatic Doppler Radar Network
[5]Joshua Wurman , Stanley Heckman and Dennis Boccippio. A Bistatic Multiple-Doppler Radar Network . Journal of Applied Meteorology . 1993
[6]Alain Protat and Isztar Zawadzki A Variational Method for Real-Time Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wind Field from Multiple-Doppler Bistatic Radar Network Datar . Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .1999
[7]张培昌 杜秉玉 戴铁丕等．雷达气象学．气象出版社．2001
[8]张宇红．坐标转换在雷达实时显示软件中的应用．现代雷达．24(5)：30—32
[9]何强何英．MATLAB扩展编程．清华大学出版社．2002
[10]尹泽明 丁春利等．精通MATLAB6．清华大学出版社．2002
[11]张志涌等．精通MATLAB6.5版。北京航空航天大学出版社．2003
[12]范晖．气象雷达终端三维图形软件设计．现代雷达．(3)：31—34，37
[13]中国人民解放军总参谋部气象局．多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用．解放军出版社．2000
[14]Ramon de elia and Isztar Zawadzki. Optimal Layout of a Bistatic Radar Network. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .2001
[15]K. Caillault and Y. Lemaitre . Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wind Fields Corrected for the Time-Induced Advection Problem. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .1999
[16] Joshua Wurman, National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder, Colorado. Vector Winds from a Single-Transmitter Bistatic Dual-Doppler Radar Network. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .1994
[17] Jun Awaka and Tomohiro Oguchi Bistatic radar reflectivities of Pruppacher-and-Pitter form raindrops at 34.8 GHz . Radio Science . 1982
[18] Ramon de elia and Isztar Zawadzki. Sidelobe Contamination in Bistatic Radars. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .2000
[19] Richard J. Doviak and Claude M. Weil. Bistatic Radar Detection of the Melting Layer . Journal of Applied Meteorology . 1972
[20] 王永诚 张令坤．多站时差定位技术研究。现代雷达．2003(2)：1-4
[21] 朱敏 游志胜 聂健荪．双基地前向散射系统雷达截面(RCS)的研究．现代雷达．2003(1)：12-14
[22] D. Caya and I. Zawadzki . VAD Analysis of Nonlinear Wind Fields. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology . 1992
[23] 黄维通．Visual C++面向对象与可视化程序设计．清华大学出版社．2000
[24] 史斌星 史佳．C语言贯通教程．清华大学出版社．2001
[25] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会。气象图形图像处理与应用．国防工业出版社．2002
[26] 火焰．双基地天气多普勒天气雷达系统构件和分析．南京气象学院硕士毕业论文．2002
[27] [美]Merrill I．Skolnik．Radar Handbook．电子工业出版社．2003
[28] 徐立中．数字图像的智能信息处理．国防工业出版社．2001
[29] Dipl.-Met. Katja Friedrich. Determination of three-dimensional wind-vector fields using a bistatic Doppler radar network. 2002
[30] Ramon de Elia . Performance study of a bistatic radar network
[2]田静 张庆阳．双基地多普勒天气雷达在云内风场探测中的应用研究．气象．27(12)：13—22
[3]王小谟 张光义．雷达与探测——现代战争的火眼金睛．国防工业出版社．2000
[4]Shinsuke Satoh and Joshua Wurman Accuracy of Wind Fields in Convective and Stratiform Echoes Observed by a Bistatic Doppler Radar Network
[5]Joshua Wurman , Stanley Heckman and Dennis Boccippio. A Bistatic Multiple-Doppler Radar Network . Journal of Applied Meteorology . 1993
[6]Alain Protat and Isztar Zawadzki A Variational Method for Real-Time Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wind Field from Multiple-Doppler Bistatic Radar Network Datar . Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .1999
[7]张培昌 杜秉玉 戴铁丕等．雷达气象学．气象出版社．2001
[8]张宇红．坐标转换在雷达实时显示软件中的应用．现代雷达．24(5)：30—32
[9]何强何英．MATLAB扩展编程．清华大学出版社．2002
[10]尹泽明 丁春利等．精通MATLAB6．清华大学出版社．2002
[11]张志涌等．精通MATLAB6.5版。北京航空航天大学出版社．2003
[12]范晖．气象雷达终端三维图形软件设计．现代雷达．(3)：31—34，37
[13]中国人民解放军总参谋部气象局．多普勒天气雷达资料分析与应用．解放军出版社．2000
[14]Ramon de elia and Isztar Zawadzki. Optimal Layout of a Bistatic Radar Network. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .2001
[15]K. Caillault and Y. Lemaitre . Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Wind Fields Corrected for the Time-Induced Advection Problem. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .1999
[16] Joshua Wurman, National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder, Colorado. Vector Winds from a Single-Transmitter Bistatic Dual-Doppler Radar Network. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .1994
[17] Jun Awaka and Tomohiro Oguchi Bistatic radar reflectivities of Pruppacher-and-Pitter form raindrops at 34.8 GHz . Radio Science . 1982
[18] Ramon de elia and Isztar Zawadzki. Sidelobe Contamination in Bistatic Radars. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology .2000
[19] Richard J. Doviak and Claude M. Weil. Bistatic Radar Detection of the Melting Layer . Journal of Applied Meteorology . 1972
[20] 王永诚 张令坤．多站时差定位技术研究。现代雷达．2003(2)：1-4
[21] 朱敏 游志胜 聂健荪．双基地前向散射系统雷达截面(RCS)的研究．现代雷达．2003(1)：12-14
[22] D. Caya and I. Zawadzki . VAD Analysis of Nonlinear Wind Fields. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology . 1992
[23] 黄维通．Visual C++面向对象与可视化程序设计．清华大学出版社．2000
[24] 史斌星 史佳．C语言贯通教程．清华大学出版社．2001
[25] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会。气象图形图像处理与应用．国防工业出版社．2002
[26] 火焰．双基地天气多普勒天气雷达系统构件和分析．南京气象学院硕士毕业论文．2002
[27] [美]Merrill I．Skolnik．Radar Handbook．电子工业出版社．2003
[28] 徐立中．数字图像的智能信息处理．国防工业出版社．2001
[29] Dipl.-Met. Katja Friedrich. Determination of three-dimensional wind-vector fields using a bistatic Doppler radar network. 2002
[30] Ramon de Elia . Performance study of a bistatic radar network