城市工业企业景观设计的研究
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摘要
中国的工业在90年代后得到了迅猛的发展,各类工业企业如雨后春笋般在全国各地崛起。在厂区如火如荼的建设热潮中,厂区景观的建设已成为厂区整体建设的重点。工业企业景观作为城市景观的有机组成部分以及企业文化的重要载体,对城市生态系统功能提高和健康发展有重要作用,对工业企业乃至城市整体环境质量的提升、企业形象的展示有着积极的意义。优美的厂区景观也体现了对职工的人文关怀,不仅使职工在厂区进行各种生产活动时感到安全、卫生、方便、舒适的同时,还能为职工提供人性化的休憩空间,并使职工感受到企业文化和企业的时代气息,从而产生凝聚力和自豪感。同时以生产场景、高科技生产设施、厂区环境和企业文化为资源的“工业旅游”已越来越引起人们的关注。工业旅游既可以提高城市和企业的知名度、使游客增长知识,又可以带动企业和城市经济的发展。工业企业景观设计是创造更美观、更高质量、更安全的工业企业和城市景观环境的有效途径。创造新形势下具有美观、生态、经济、社会、人文思想特点的高品质厂区工作和生活环境成为工业企业景观设计不断追求的目标。
论文主要采取理论和实际案例相结合的研究方法,从工业企业景观设计的角度出发,对城市工业企业景观的发展、概念、构成、特点、功能作用进行分析、归纳和总结,结合景观设计学、景观生态学、心理学、环境行为学等学科的相关理论为指导,对城市工业企业景观设计所遵循的原则进行提炼,进而对城市工业企业景观设计方法进行具体研究,包括景观设计的目标与理念、整体构思与定位、各景观空间塑造以及景观构成要素设计的研究等。各景观空间塑造包括道路景观、边界景观、区域景观和节点景观的塑造;景观构成要素的设计包括硬质景观和绿化环境的设计。最后对安徽江淮汽车厂乘用车厂区进行案例分析,把总结出的理论直观地运用到实践中,并对理论进行检验。以期针对工业企业景观设计和建设中存在的一些问题,为工业企业景观的营造提供理论依据,更好地指导城市工业企业景观的设计和建设。
Chinese industry has been developed rapidly since the 1990s and various industrial enterprises sprung up around the country.With building boom of the factory,the landscape construction has become the focus of the overall building of the factory.The landscape of Industrial enterprises as an integral part of corporate culture and the part of urban landscape,it plays an important role on the enhancement of the urban ecosystem function and the healthy development,and it also has positive significance of industrial enterprises and even the enhancement of overall environmental quality of urban.Beautiful landscape also embodies the right of workers.It not only carries out safe,sanitary,convenient and comfortable feeling for factory workers in various production activities,but also can provide workers with humane open space,making workers feel the company's culture and the flavor of the times.Meanwhile,the production scene,the facilities of high-tec production,the factory environment,and resources for the enterprise culture and "industrial tourism" are concerned more and more by people.Industrial tourism can enhance the city's reputation and business,growth of knowledge,and can drive enterprises, and increase urban economic development.Landscape design of Industrial enterprises is the effective way to create more beautiful and higher-quality,more industrial enterprises and urban landscape environment.Creating a new situation with aesthetic,ecological, economic,social,humanities ideological characteristics of high quality factory working and living environment become the goals of landscape design of industrial enterprises continually to pursue.
The Paper mainly uses the combined research methods,which have both theory and practice.From point of the landscape design of industrial enterprises,it has analysis and conclusion of the development,concept,composition,characteristics,and function of industrial enterprises in the landscape design of industrial enterprises.With landscape ecology,psychology,environmental science and other disciplines action of theories as a guide,principle of urban landscape design is refined.Then landscape design methods of the urban industrial enterprises are,specifically studied.It includes the objectives and philosophy,the overall concept and positioning,shaping the landscape and the research on landscape design elements.Finally,it takes the Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Plant for case analysis.The theory which is summed up is directly applied to the practice,and has the test of theory.On the base of some problems of the landscape design and construction in doctrinal enterprises,the paper creates theoretical basis for the construction of industrial enterprises landscape and gives better guidance to the landscape design and construction of industrial enterprises in cities.
论文主要采取理论和实际案例相结合的研究方法,从工业企业景观设计的角度出发,对城市工业企业景观的发展、概念、构成、特点、功能作用进行分析、归纳和总结,结合景观设计学、景观生态学、心理学、环境行为学等学科的相关理论为指导,对城市工业企业景观设计所遵循的原则进行提炼,进而对城市工业企业景观设计方法进行具体研究,包括景观设计的目标与理念、整体构思与定位、各景观空间塑造以及景观构成要素设计的研究等。各景观空间塑造包括道路景观、边界景观、区域景观和节点景观的塑造;景观构成要素的设计包括硬质景观和绿化环境的设计。最后对安徽江淮汽车厂乘用车厂区进行案例分析,把总结出的理论直观地运用到实践中,并对理论进行检验。以期针对工业企业景观设计和建设中存在的一些问题,为工业企业景观的营造提供理论依据,更好地指导城市工业企业景观的设计和建设。
Chinese industry has been developed rapidly since the 1990s and various industrial enterprises sprung up around the country.With building boom of the factory,the landscape construction has become the focus of the overall building of the factory.The landscape of Industrial enterprises as an integral part of corporate culture and the part of urban landscape,it plays an important role on the enhancement of the urban ecosystem function and the healthy development,and it also has positive significance of industrial enterprises and even the enhancement of overall environmental quality of urban.Beautiful landscape also embodies the right of workers.It not only carries out safe,sanitary,convenient and comfortable feeling for factory workers in various production activities,but also can provide workers with humane open space,making workers feel the company's culture and the flavor of the times.Meanwhile,the production scene,the facilities of high-tec production,the factory environment,and resources for the enterprise culture and "industrial tourism" are concerned more and more by people.Industrial tourism can enhance the city's reputation and business,growth of knowledge,and can drive enterprises, and increase urban economic development.Landscape design of Industrial enterprises is the effective way to create more beautiful and higher-quality,more industrial enterprises and urban landscape environment.Creating a new situation with aesthetic,ecological, economic,social,humanities ideological characteristics of high quality factory working and living environment become the goals of landscape design of industrial enterprises continually to pursue.
The Paper mainly uses the combined research methods,which have both theory and practice.From point of the landscape design of industrial enterprises,it has analysis and conclusion of the development,concept,composition,characteristics,and function of industrial enterprises in the landscape design of industrial enterprises.With landscape ecology,psychology,environmental science and other disciplines action of theories as a guide,principle of urban landscape design is refined.Then landscape design methods of the urban industrial enterprises are,specifically studied.It includes the objectives and philosophy,the overall concept and positioning,shaping the landscape and the research on landscape design elements.Finally,it takes the Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Plant for case analysis.The theory which is summed up is directly applied to the practice,and has the test of theory.On the base of some problems of the landscape design and construction in doctrinal enterprises,the paper creates theoretical basis for the construction of industrial enterprises landscape and gives better guidance to the landscape design and construction of industrial enterprises in cities.
引文
[1]黄茵.创建新世纪的厂区环境—厂区高品位民用生活设施的设计[J].工程设计与建设,2004,(3):15-21
[2]侯艳东,玄士信.大庆石油化工总厂厂区绿化及基本技术措施初探.防护林科技2001,6(2):60
[3]张静.水厂园林绿化谈[J].绿化与生活,1998,5:8-9
[4]储荣邦,易维谦.电镀工业园区的绿化建设[J]工程资讯,2004(3):3-5
[5]李模权.浅谈企业绿化中的植物配置[J].南京农专学报,1998,6(2):31-36
[6]马建武.现代工厂绿化设计刍议.国土绿化 2001(4):26
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[8]郑小丽.武钢工业区园林植物适应性及影响因子研究.华中农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
[9]乌仁陶格斯.干旱半干旱沙区城镇厂矿绿化生态效益分析—以达拉特电厂厂区绿化为例.内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004
[10]张丽红.建筑学原理在石油化工厂总图设计中的应用[J].石油规划设计.2002,13(6):79-82
[11]李德巍.城市水处理厂的建筑设计及景观环境创造.天津大学硕士学位论文,2003
[12]黄杰.包头稀奥科电池厂工业建筑环境设计研究[J].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2001
[13]Mansfeld,Yoel,Dr."Industrial Landscapes" as Positive Settings for Tourism Development in Declining Industrial Cities.GeoJournal 1992(4):457-463
[14]陈伯超,张艳锋.工业区改造过程中文化与经济的互动与关联—沈阳铁西工业区改造再利用的设计理念.沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版)2004,1(1):39-42
[15]王益熙.从工厂到公园创建工业公园[J].北京园林,2004(1):39-43
[16]Luis Femando Lanaspa.The evolution of the U.S.industrial landscape,1969-1995.The Annals of Regional Science 2003(37):239-258
[17]Paul A.Shackel and Matthew Palus.Remembering an Industrial Landscape.International Journal of Historical Archaeology,Vol.10,No.1,March 2006
[18]姜乃力,尹德涛.辽宁省资源型城市开发工业旅游的探究.振兴老工业基地 2005(3):14-15
[19]贺旺.后工业景观浅析[J].清华大学硕士学位论文.2004
[20]范金萍.生态园林型水厂绿化设计方法研究[J].东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2004
[21]Dirk Develte.生态工厂[J].产业与环境.1994(3):39-41
[22]郑强,卢圣.城市园林绿地规划[M].北京:气象出版社,2001
[23]俞孔坚,李迪华.景观设计:专业学科与教育[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.6-7.
[24]肖笃宁.论现代景观科学的形成与发展[J],地理科学,1999,19(4):379-384.
[25]苏雪痕.植物造景.北京:中国林业出版社.1994
[26]李端杰.植物景观构成与景观设计.规划师.2002(5):83-86
[27]胡长龙.园林规划设计.中国农业出版社.2001
[28]沈雪娟.企业的生态园林建设—以宝钢生态园林建设为例[J].城乡建设,2002(7):36-37
[29]王新成,李贞祥,雷杰.绿化,工业城区持续发展的基础[J].广东园林.2001(4):39-40
[30]杨守国.工矿企业园林绿地设计.中国林业出版社.2000
[31]冯京华.谈厂矿企业绿化规划与设计[J].山西林业,1999,(4-5):50-51
[32]王保忠,王彩霞等.城市绿地研究综述[J].城市规划汇刊.2004(2)62-68
[33]约翰.O.西蒙兹.景观设计学—场地规划与设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,200.8
[34]魏晗.浅谈现代景观设计的形式表现[J].小城镇建设,2003(8)
[35]肖笃宁,李秀珍,高峻等.景观生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.4-5
[36]Aberley.D.,Futures by Design[J].The Practice of Ecological Planning.New Society Publishers Canada.1994.
[37]McHarg.I.L.Human ecological planning at Pennsylvania.Landscape Planning[M].1981.8.
[38]黄杰,郝倩茹.稀奥科厂区外部空间环境设计的探讨.包钢科技,2005(4):61-63
[39]刘永德编著.参照《现代工厂建筑空间与环境设计》,第232页,中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[40]郝幸田.略谈工厂环境景观设计.企业文明 2006(1):73-74
[41]毛华松,詹燕.厂区环境景观的设计.工业建筑.2006.36(11):115-118
[42]萧春宏.当代工业建筑环境设计浅析.工业建筑.2003.33(4):10-14
[43]杨赉丽.城市园林绿地规划[M]。北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[44]鲁敏,李英杰.城市生态绿地系统建设—植物种选择与绿化工程构建.中国林业出版社,2005
[2]侯艳东,玄士信.大庆石油化工总厂厂区绿化及基本技术措施初探.防护林科技2001,6(2):60
[3]张静.水厂园林绿化谈[J].绿化与生活,1998,5:8-9
[4]储荣邦,易维谦.电镀工业园区的绿化建设[J]工程资讯,2004(3):3-5
[5]李模权.浅谈企业绿化中的植物配置[J].南京农专学报,1998,6(2):31-36
[6]马建武.现代工厂绿化设计刍议.国土绿化 2001(4):26
[7]庞瑞华,谢敏,段体康.工厂庭院绿化中的防护林带规划.防护林科技.2002,3(2):56,83
[8]郑小丽.武钢工业区园林植物适应性及影响因子研究.华中农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
[9]乌仁陶格斯.干旱半干旱沙区城镇厂矿绿化生态效益分析—以达拉特电厂厂区绿化为例.内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2004
[10]张丽红.建筑学原理在石油化工厂总图设计中的应用[J].石油规划设计.2002,13(6):79-82
[11]李德巍.城市水处理厂的建筑设计及景观环境创造.天津大学硕士学位论文,2003
[12]黄杰.包头稀奥科电池厂工业建筑环境设计研究[J].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2001
[13]Mansfeld,Yoel,Dr."Industrial Landscapes" as Positive Settings for Tourism Development in Declining Industrial Cities.GeoJournal 1992(4):457-463
[14]陈伯超,张艳锋.工业区改造过程中文化与经济的互动与关联—沈阳铁西工业区改造再利用的设计理念.沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版)2004,1(1):39-42
[15]王益熙.从工厂到公园创建工业公园[J].北京园林,2004(1):39-43
[16]Luis Femando Lanaspa.The evolution of the U.S.industrial landscape,1969-1995.The Annals of Regional Science 2003(37):239-258
[17]Paul A.Shackel and Matthew Palus.Remembering an Industrial Landscape.International Journal of Historical Archaeology,Vol.10,No.1,March 2006
[18]姜乃力,尹德涛.辽宁省资源型城市开发工业旅游的探究.振兴老工业基地 2005(3):14-15
[19]贺旺.后工业景观浅析[J].清华大学硕士学位论文.2004
[20]范金萍.生态园林型水厂绿化设计方法研究[J].东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2004
[21]Dirk Develte.生态工厂[J].产业与环境.1994(3):39-41
[22]郑强,卢圣.城市园林绿地规划[M].北京:气象出版社,2001
[23]俞孔坚,李迪华.景观设计:专业学科与教育[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.6-7.
[24]肖笃宁.论现代景观科学的形成与发展[J],地理科学,1999,19(4):379-384.
[25]苏雪痕.植物造景.北京:中国林业出版社.1994
[26]李端杰.植物景观构成与景观设计.规划师.2002(5):83-86
[27]胡长龙.园林规划设计.中国农业出版社.2001
[28]沈雪娟.企业的生态园林建设—以宝钢生态园林建设为例[J].城乡建设,2002(7):36-37
[29]王新成,李贞祥,雷杰.绿化,工业城区持续发展的基础[J].广东园林.2001(4):39-40
[30]杨守国.工矿企业园林绿地设计.中国林业出版社.2000
[31]冯京华.谈厂矿企业绿化规划与设计[J].山西林业,1999,(4-5):50-51
[32]王保忠,王彩霞等.城市绿地研究综述[J].城市规划汇刊.2004(2)62-68
[33]约翰.O.西蒙兹.景观设计学—场地规划与设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,200.8
[34]魏晗.浅谈现代景观设计的形式表现[J].小城镇建设,2003(8)
[35]肖笃宁,李秀珍,高峻等.景观生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.4-5
[36]Aberley.D.,Futures by Design[J].The Practice of Ecological Planning.New Society Publishers Canada.1994.
[37]McHarg.I.L.Human ecological planning at Pennsylvania.Landscape Planning[M].1981.8.
[38]黄杰,郝倩茹.稀奥科厂区外部空间环境设计的探讨.包钢科技,2005(4):61-63
[39]刘永德编著.参照《现代工厂建筑空间与环境设计》,第232页,中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[40]郝幸田.略谈工厂环境景观设计.企业文明 2006(1):73-74
[41]毛华松,詹燕.厂区环境景观的设计.工业建筑.2006.36(11):115-118
[42]萧春宏.当代工业建筑环境设计浅析.工业建筑.2003.33(4):10-14
[43]杨赉丽.城市园林绿地规划[M]。北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[44]鲁敏,李英杰.城市生态绿地系统建设—植物种选择与绿化工程构建.中国林业出版社,2005