地被植物连钱草和紫花地丁的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本研究在对东北林业大学校园内野生草本植物进行调查的基础上,选取连钱草和紫花地丁两种适宜作地被的多年生草本植物,通过三年定位观测,运用实验室分析方法,对其生物学特性、生态学特性、生态效益及景观效果进行了调查研究,结果表明:
     1.连钱草在哈尔滨4月初返青,花期4月底—6月中旬,10月中旬枯黄。紫花地丁在哈市4月中旬返青,9月中旬枯黄,花期5月初—6月底。二者绿期都很长,观赏效果好。
     2.春季连钱草与紫花地丁的生物量配比均以根部为最高分别为36.76%和57.73%随后连钱草根部生物量配比继续增长。于夏季达最大值47.86%后急剧减少。紫花地丁根部生物量配比在夏秋季期间持续下降。也于秋季降到最低(19.15%)。
     3.二种植物春季花期几种营养元素的含量均以花中的浓度最高,夏秋季节叶中浓度最高。元素吸收量的季节动态基本与生物量的季节动态趋势相同。即随着物候期的进程。生物量和营养元素吸收量均逐渐增加。
     4.连钱草和紫花地丁对有效光能辐射和利用范围较宽,既可在全光下生长,也具有极强的耐阴能力。
     5.连钱草和紫花地丁都有具有校强的耐旱能力。二者相比,连钱草的耐旱能力较强。
     6 全光下海平方米连钱草地被释氧量48.8563,日吸热量为20505.7KJ。每周滞尘量1.06g;每平方米紫花地丁地被日释氧量37.646g。日吸热量为18748.75kj每周滞尘量为6.49g。对周围环境具有一定的改善能力。
     7.连钱草5月开花,花呈淡蓝紫色,花后匍地生长,可作为绿色的地毯背景。紫花地丁花期较长。蓝紫色小花淡雅可爱,可点缀于细叶草坪或地被上作为缀花地被。
     本研究对连钱草和紫花地丁进行了较系统全面的研究。为地被植物的研究提供了框架。
On the basis of the reseach of wild herb plants on the campus of North East Foresty University,this paper select Glechoma hedracea and Viola yeodensis and studied their biology characteristics,ecology habits.ecology benefits and landscape effects by means of fixed position observation and laboratory analys ways.The results are as follows:
    l.G.hedracea turns green in Apr. in Haerbin,.It's florescence is in late Apr. to the middle of June,and it becomes withered and yellow in the midlle of Oct.. V.yeodensis turns green in middle of Apr.,It's florescence is in early May to middle of June and it becomes withered and yellow in the middle Sep.Both two have long green period and good ornerment effect.
    2.In the spring ,the root biomass assignment is the highest in both two species,and the value are 36.76% and 57.73% respecially.after which.it is keep on increase. It reaches the highest value 47.86% in summer,then it reduced extremely. However the root biomass in V. yeodensis is continue to reduce and reches its lowest value(19.15%) in Autum.
    3.1n florescence,the nurtrient elements content in the flower is the highest in two species.and it in the leaves is the highest in other two seasons. The nurtrients's chang trends with seasons is similar to the biomass.
    4. They can make the full of effective light energy reflection. They can grow not only in the sun but also in the shade.
    5. G.hedracea and V.yeodensis both have good drought-enduring capability,but the capability of G.hedracea is better.
    6.1n the sun Glechoma hedracea can release oxygen 48.856g mV,and absorbed caloric 20505.7KJ m-2d-1. It can hold up dust l.068g every weeks.V. yeodensis can release oxygen37.646 g m-2d-1 ,and absorbed caloric 18748.75KJ m-2 d-1 . It can hold up dust 6.49g every weeks.They have the ability to improve the quality of environment.
    T.G.hedracea blooms in May.The flower is light blue. It grows covering the ground after blooming which can be the background of the green rug. V.yeodensis has a longer florescence. The flower is lovely,which can be distributed on the lawn or plant-cover with narrow leaves.
    This paper study systemly on this two species which afford the frame of the study on cove plants.
引文
1.中国农业百科全书编辑部编.中国农业百科全书观赏园艺卷.农业出版社,1996
    2.胡中华、刘师汉.草坪与地被植物.中国林业出版社,1995
    3.胡中华、赵锡惟编著.草坪与地被植物.中国林业出版社,1984
    4.赵锡惟.地被植物纵横谈.园林,1994(2):13
    5.高峻平、姜伟贤.中国花卉科技二十年.科技出版社,1999
    6.徐炜.试论园林地被植物综合评选标准.中国园林,1993(3):52-53
    7.温洋真编著.园林景物布置.广西科学技术出版社,2000
    8.俞洋编译.地被植物.中国园林,1989 5(2):36-39
    9.庄聪鹏.园林地被植物浅谈.广东园林,1990(2):43
    10.李云峰、万德兴.连钱草在庭园绿化上的应用.园林,1994(2):22-23
    11.王和祥、汤巧香.天津市园林地被植物引种栽培的实验报告.园林科技通讯,1995(2):20-27
    12.赵永贵.浅谈野生草坪地被植物的开发与利用.青海农业科技,1999(1):34-35
    13.范水宫.如何在街道绿地上推广地被植物.园林(上海园林科技专缉),1998(2):23-24
    14.石爱平等.紫花地丁的几种抗逆性指标研究初探.北京农学院学报,1997(1):48-52
    15.田利颖.石家庄市草坪地被植物应用现状及发展对策研究.河北林学院学报,1996(2):125-129
    16.魏坤峰.耐盐碱草坪植物引种实验初报.盐碱地利用,1994(3):38-39
    17.伍趾甲.11种地被植物的耐阴性研究.武汉植物学研究,1994(4):360-364
    18.郝立丰、纪汉文.几种旱地野生地被植物的引种栽培 北方园艺,1991(10):34-36
    19.施国威、曹三妹.几种地被(草坪)植物引种栽培研究 中国园林,1990(3):50-55
    20.王玉生.地被植物用作园林的新趋势.乌鲁木齐园林,1993(1):41-43
    21.袁跃云等.野生地被资源在园林绿化中的应用.北京园林,1995(2):10-14
    22.胡叔良.适用与点缀草坪的低矮开花地被植物.北京园林,1998(2):36-38
    23.李辉、赵卫智.北京5种草坪地被植物生态效益的研究.中国园林,1998(4):36-38
    24.白伟岚等.八种植物耐阴性比较研究.北京林业大学学报,1999(3):46-52
    25.温仕英.对北方草坪建议的一点思考.中国花卉盆景,2000(11):21
    26.周寿荣主编.草坪地被与人类环境—草坪地被建植原理与应技术.四川科学技术出版社,1996
    27.高俊平、姜伟贤、孙世菊.中国花卉科技信息全书.大连出版社,1998
    28.张强.地被植物在园林中的应用.花木盆景,1999:P14
    29.石定燧、秦明、阿不来提.野生地被植物—鹅绒萎陵菜研究初报.草业科学,1999,16(6):9-10,14
    30.关继义、陈喜全.森林土壤学实验教程.东北林业出版社,1992
    31.熊佑清.早春野生露45地花卉引种与栽培的研究简介.北京园林,1990(3)p22-22
    32.(英)布雷母尼斯(Brcmness L.)著.台湾猫头鹰出版译.药用植物—自然珍藏图鉴丛书.中国友谊出版公司,2000
    33.毛培琳著.园林铺地.中国林业出版社,1996
    34.薛聪贤编著.景观植物造园应用实例.百通集团.浙江科技出版社,1998
    35.谭继清.中国草坪与地被.科学技术文献出版社,1993
    36.谭继清、谭志坚.新编中国草坪与地被.重庆出版社,2000
    
    
    37.景熊.地被植物之特性应用.台湾花艺,1989(56) P51-54
    38.蔡福贵.地被植物(上)(下).地景出版社,1993
    39.董佩珑.地被植物及其栽培管理.哈尔滨园林,第8期:32
    40 北京林业大学园林系花卉教研组编.花卉学.中国林业出版社,1998
    41.闰永庆、范金萍、王洪亮.紫花地丁分株移栽试验.北方园艺,1998 3.(4):140
    42.李晶、孙国荣、阎秀峰.星星草地上部6种元素含量季节动态及分布.草地学报,2001(3):P213-217
    43 施冰等.大花萱草不同发育阶段矿质营养及水分含量的动态研究.东北林业大学学报,2001(2):P112-116
    44.廖沙.现代月季不同生长阶段营养元素及水分分析,园艺学报,1988(3):213-215
    45.罗俊强等.草坪地下生物量与坪用性状的关系.北京林业大学学报,2000(2):77-80
    46.张峰等.四种早春植物生物量的动态研究.植物研究,2001(3):477-480
    47.金爱武等.雷竹光和速率日变化及影响因子.浙江林学院学报,2000(3):271-275
    48.王雁.北京市主要园林植物耐阴性极其应用的研究.北京林业大学博士学位论文,1996
    49.杨利平.细叶百合的生殖生态学研究.东北林业大学博士学位论文,2002
    50.谢孝福等.植物引种学.科学出版社,1994
    51.赵晓宇.观花地被植物的推广与应用.园林,2001(10):46
    52.赵长虹、计雪锋.优良地被紫金牛.园林,2001(4):40
    53.楼晓明.地被珍品—黄帝菊,花木盆景,2001(9):48
    54.石柞江.常绿地被云实.园林,2001(6):45
    55.龙金花.常春藤的栽培及其在园林上的应用.花木盆景,2001(1):48-49
    56.王军.优良的常绿地被植物——龙须麦冬.花木盆景,2001(1):48
    57.贺士元等.北京植物志.北京出版社,1984
    58.中国科学院植物所.中国高等植物图鉴.科学出版社,1987
    59.傅佩云主编.东北植物检索表.科学出版社,1995
    60.罗光裕等.黑龙江省禾本科植物.东北林业大学出版社,1994
    61.周以良主编.黑龙江省植物志3卷、4卷、6卷、9卷、11卷,东北林业大学出版社
    62.傅立国等.中国高等植物9卷,青岛出版社,1991
    63.王沙生、高荣孚、吴贯明编.植物生理学.中国林业出版社,1981
    64.韩烈保.草坪学.中国农业出版社,1987
    65.韩锦锋主编.植物生理生化.高等教育出版社,1991
    66. Flemer W. Choosing attractive ground covers to reduce maintenance costs. American-Nurseryman,1977(10):7-8
    67. Sulgrove S.M. Six hardy ground covers from the American Ivy Society. American-Nurseryman, 1987(1):116-129
    68 Birch C.P.,Hutchings,M.J. Clonal segmentation. Plant Eclogy, 1999 (1).. 21-23
    66 Stuefer, J.F., Hutchings,MJ. Environmenta heterogeneity and clonal growth:A study If the capacity for reciprocal translocation in Glechoma hederacea L.Oecologia,. 1994 (3): 320-328
    
    
    69. Birch C.P., Hutchings,M.J. Stonlon growth and branching in Glechoma hederacea L.:An application If a plastochron index. New Phytol 1992 (3) : 545-551
    70. Birch C.P.D., Hutchings M.J. Analysis of ramet development in the stolonifero herb Glechma hedracea using a plastochron index. Oikos 1992(3) : 387-394
    71. Sim Yang Gu,Han younyol etc. Effect of shading treement on ground covering byative cover plants . Journal of Agro Environment Science. 199840(2) : 118-125
    72. Bechtloff,U,etc. Ground cover patuial for grave planting at Essen. Taspo Gartnbaumapazin .1997 6(2) : 51-54.
    73. Hodel,D.R., Prrtenger,D.R. Responses of eignt groundcover speces to renovation by mowing . Journal of Envionmental Horticulture. 1994 12(1) : 4-7
    74. Staats,D., Klett.J.E. Water conservation potcntial and quality of non-turf groundcovcrs versus Kentcky bluegrass under increasing level of drought stress. Journal of Environment Horiculture 1995 13(4) :181-185
    75. Stamps R.H., Beall F.P.etc. Effects of shade level and radiation freezed on survival and growth of ground cover plants. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultureal Society. 1994 (107 ): 423-426
    76. Roberts W.G. Some plants for dry California conditionts . Combined Proceedings-lnternational Plant Propagators Society. 1989 ( 39) : 174-177
    77. Clausen G. Ground-cover plants Evaluation of 125 perennials and shrubs for suitability under different light conditions. Tidsskrft for Plantcavl. 1978 82(4) : 433-480
    78. Bullis H.R. Bromeliads for South Florida landscape. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticulture Society. 1987 100 : 161-163
    79. Sitoruk.T.N. Species of the genus Sedum, L-valuable ground cover plants . Proceedings of the Florida State Horticulture Society. 1987 145: 59-61
    80. Percy D. Cost cutting canopies. Gcand HTJ , 1985. 197(4) : 25-27
    81. Stadtherr R.J. Ground covers for highway use Combined proceedings.Intenational Plant Propagators'Society 1981:598-604
    82. Spruty J. Herbaceous plants as ground covers(2) Vast planten alsbodembedekkers(2) . Verbondsnieuws voor de Belgische Sierteelt , 1982 . 26(5) :185-187
    83. Hamilton D.F. How to plant ground covers American Nurseryman
    84. Francois L.E. Salt injury to ornamental shrubs and ground covers Home and Garden Bulletin,Vnited states Deparment of Agriculture 1980 (231) :10
    85. Powell R.H. Ground covers for Australia. Seed and Nursey Trader.1973 (71) :167-186
    86. Dikey R.D. est. Selected ground covers for Florida homes Bulletin. Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations.1971 (744) : 41

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700