荔枝体细胞胚胎发生的早期生化事件
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摘要
本论文以荔枝“下番枝”胚性愈伤组织为试验材料,对荔枝体细胞胚胎发生早期进行了同步化调控;同时,对荔枝体胚发生早期各个阶段进行了蛋白质SDS-PAGE、同工酶电泳以及内源激素的测定,以探讨荔枝体胚早期发生的机理。主要研究结果如下:
     一、通过调整培养基中2,4-D的浓度,并结合倒置显微镜的观察,获得了荔枝体胚发生早期的同步化材料,即胚性愈伤组织、胚性愈伤组织Ⅰ、胚性愈伤组织Ⅱ、紧密结构、早期原胚Ⅰ、早期原胚Ⅱ、球形胚等7个阶段的材料。
     二、在荔枝体胚早期的发育过程中,POD、AMY和EST同工酶酶谱发生了一定的变化。从荔枝紧密结构阶段开始,POD同工酶酶带数量开始增多,但到早期原胚Ⅱ阶段时,酶带数量又开始减少;从荔枝胚性愈伤组织到胚性愈伤组织Ⅰ阶段,EST同工酶酶带数量增加,但是从早期原胚Ⅱ开始,其酶带数量开始减少;而淀粉酶同工酶酶带数量则是从荔枝胚性愈伤组织阶段到胚性愈伤组织Ⅰ阶段先减少,从早期原胚Ⅱ开始增加。
     三、在荔枝休胚早期的发育过程中,蛋白质组分呈现有规律的变化。在荔枝体胚发育早期出现了分子显为6.132 kD、5.081 kD和4.015 kD小分子量特异蛋白质,推测它们在荔枝体细胞胚胎早期发生过程中起着重要的作用,并且它们可能与荔枝这类属顽拗型且具大核种子的木本植物的特性有关。
     四、在荔枝体胚早期的发育过程中,内源激素与其阶段发育密切相关。随着荔枝体胚早期发育进程的进行,其内源IAA含量先降低,达到一个最低值,此时是荔枝早期原胚Ⅰ阶段,随后就会
    
    摘要
    逐渐上升,直到球形胚阶段时,达到一个最高值。高浓度IAA的
    存在可能是维持荔枝体胚正常发育到球形胚的必要条件。从胚性
    愈伤组织到胚性愈伤组织1阶段,其内源ABA含量总的变化趋势
    是升高,紧接着下降到一个低谷,此时足紧密结构阶段,随后在
    发育到球形胚阶段的过程中又逐渐升高,在荔枝形成球形胚这一
    具有明显的形态结构的过程中,伴随着的内源ABA的增加,可能
    ’JJU体胚发育后期的基因的启动与表达存在着密切的关系。荔枝
    体胚一旱期发育过程中,其内源细胞分裂素含量变化趋势呈“M”形,
    在球形胚阶段,其内源细胞分裂素含量最低。ABA/I AA和
    ABA/CTKs的增大,将有利于荔枝体细胞胚胎的形成。较高的生
    长抑制物质/生长促进物质比值对维持荔枝早期体胚的正常发育
    (形成正常的球形胚)是有利的。
In this experiment, the synchronized materials of different developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis were obtained in Litchi Chinensis Sonn. cv. Xiafanzhi. The mechanism of the early somatic embryogenesis was studied through the analyses of isozymatic patterns and protein components by SDS-PAGE and the examinations of endogenous phytohormones. The main results were shown as follows:
    1. By controlling the concentration of 2,4-D on the medium and combining with the observation by invert microscope, the synchronized materials of different developmental stages of the early somatic embryogenesis, i.e., the embryogenic callus, embryogenic callus I, embryogenic callus II, compact structure, early proembryo I, early proembryo II and globular embryoid were obtained.
    2. The changes of isozymatic patterns of POD, AMY and EST were observed to some extent at different developmental stages of the early somatic embryogenesis. The belts of POD isozymatic patterns increased from the stage of the compact structure to the stage of the early proembryo II and then decreased. The belts of EST isozymatic patterns increased from the stage of the embryogenic callus to the stage of the embryogenic callus I and decreased from the stage of the early proembryo II to the stage of the globular embryoid. The belts of AMY isozymatic patterns decreased from the stage of the embryogenic callus to the stage of the embryogenic callus I, and increased from the stage of the early proembryo II to the stage of the globular embryoid.
    3. The protein components varied regularly during the early somatic embryogenesis. 3 low molecular weight proteins (6.132 kD, 5.081 kD and 4.015 kD) emerged at the early developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis, which maybe played an important role in the process of the early somatic
    
    
    
    
    embryogenesis and suggested that they should be related to the characteristics of the woody plants with large seeds such as litchi.
    4. The endogenous phytohormones were closely related to the developmental stages of the early somatic embryogenesis. The levels of endogenous IAA decreased from the stage of the embryogenic callus to the stage of the early proembryos I and then increased to the maximum at the stage of the globular embryoids as the somatic embryogenesis occurred. The existence of high concentration of IAA was probably necessary to the normal formation of globular embryoids. The levels of endogenous ABA increased from the stage of embryogenic callus to the stage of the embryogenic callus I and then decreased to the minimum at the stage of the compact structure, and increased again to the stages of globular embryoids, which was probably related to the initiation of the gene expression of the late somatic embryogenesis. The changes of endogenous CTKs during the early somatic embryogenesis showed an "M" curve, and reached the minimum level at the stage of the globular embryoid. The increase of the ratios of ABA/IAA and ABA/CTKs was beneficial to the development of somatic embryogenesis.
引文
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