中国部分Botryosphaeriaceae真菌的系统发育及模式种Botryosphaeria dothidea的遗传多样性研究
|
摘要
葡萄座腔菌科（Botryosphaeriaceae）（子囊菌门Ascomycota，座囊菌纲Dothideomycetes）真菌分布广泛，种类繁多，寄主类型多样，在我国引起多种重要的经济树木枝条或主干发生溃疡病，包括杨树和多种果树等。长期以来病原真菌的命名多根据病害和寄主来命名，造成了同菌异名、同名异菌的问题，引起了该科真菌的命名和分类混乱的问题。该属模式种Botryosphaeria dothidea是该科最常见的种之一，是引起树木溃疡病最重要的病原，在我国多个气候区均有发生，阐明该种不同地理群体间的遗传多样性和遗传分化，对病害的检测和防治具有重要意义。
为了澄清我国树木溃疡病病原真菌的种类和调查葡萄座腔菌科真菌在我国分布的多样性，针对引起杨树和蔷薇科果树病害的葡萄座腔菌科病原进行研究，采用形态学和系统发育学的方法，从我国南北方的5个典型气候区分离到58株寄主为杨树和37株寄主为蔷薇科果树的试验菌株，结合形态学和系统发育分析方法，鉴定葡萄座腔菌科5个属8（或9）种真菌。Botryosphaeria dothidea种群具有中度偏高的遗传多样性，Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）为0.6777。
利用形态学结合ITS、β-tubulin和EF1-α序列比较分析表明，发生于杨树上的种类包括Botryosphaeria dothidea、Neofusicoccum parvum、Diplodia seriata、D. mutila、Dothiorellaviticola和一个未定名新种Fusicoccum sp.1，其中，共有53株为B. dothidea，其它种各1株；发生于蔷薇科果树上的有B. dothidea、Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae、Neof.parvum/Neof. ribis复合种和另一个未定名新种Fusicoccum sp.2，其中，B. dothidea15株，L. pseudotheobromae和Neof. parvum/Neof. ribis各有3株， Fusicoccum sp.2有6株。上述种类中，D. seriata在我国是第一次报道发生在杨树上；Do. viticola是第一次报道于滇青冈。根据β-tubulin序列系统发育关系研究，对B. rhodina与其无性型L. theobromae的对应关系提出质疑，认为B. rhodina的无性型应为L. pseudotheobromae。研究表明，除了L. pseudotheobromae只发生于南亚热带外，其余绝大多数试验菌株在我国的分布与气候区没有直接的联系。
培养特征的比较和LSU序列、ITS/EF1-α序列联合建立的系统发育关系进一步支持了两个未定名种Fusicoccum sp.1和Fusicoccum sp.2的系统地位，属于Botryosphaeriacomplex。Fusicoccum sp.1与Fusicoccum fabicercianum表现出最近的亲缘关系，Fusicoccumsp.1和Fusicoccum sp.2与Botryosphaeria complex其它种存在着显著的培养特征上的区别：它们的菌落均呈现环状，且培养至第10天气生菌丝仍未变灰。
Botryosphaeria dothidea为两类寄主上的优势种类，其分布区域横跨南亚热带到中温带，显示出对不同地理和寄主的适应性。为了分析B. dothidea种群的遗传分化和遗传多样性，从文献记载的标记中筛选出来10个简单序列重要（SSR）标记用于分析来自5个地区种群77个试验菌株的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构，分别来自5个气候区：中温带亚湿润型气候大区、暖温带亚湿润型气候大区、北亚热带湿润型气候大区、中亚热带湿润型气候大区和南亚热带湿润型气候大区。结果表明各种群的多样性指数均为中度偏高（H=0.6777）；群体间的遗传分化程度较低（平均Fst=0.0758），且遗传差异大多来自群体内部，而群体间的遗传差异较小。除中温带亚湿润型气候大区种群外，其余4个种群都有自己特定的等位基因，其特有等位基因数依次为21、2、2、3个。77个试验菌株构成的不同地理群体间的分化程度低，基因流动较大，可能与菌株来源于人为活动频繁的地区有关，并且与寄主的反复迁移有直接关系，尤其是杨树。杨树和蔷薇科寄主的菌株没有表现也寄主分化特征。但同时也发现了不同种群特定的等位基因，包括北亚热带湿润型气候大区种群的407bp和425bp，中亚热带湿润型气候大区种群的424bp和429bp，南亚热带湿润型气候大区种群的234bp、408bp和416bp及暖温带亚湿润型气候大区种群的特定等位基因313bp、333bp等，这对于一些潜伏于寄主组织内的特定B. dothidea地理种群的监测具有重要作用。
The species-rich family, Botryosphaeriaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes), has acosmopolitan distribution and causes canker and die-back on branches and stems of variouseconomically important trees including poplar and fruit trees in China. The pathogens arecommonly nominated according to diseases and host plants for long, which brings the sameorganism with different names or different organisms with the same name, and confusion ofnomination and taxonomy of Botryosphaeriaceae. These problems hindered the effectivecontrol and management of the disease. The type species, Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one ofthe most common speices in this family. This species has been found in many climate regions.It is significant to find out genetic diversity and differerciation of B. dothidea populations fordetecting and managing disease.
This study investigate the pathogens of canker and die-back and the diversity ofBotryosphaeriaceae in China, especially the botryosphaeriaceous fungi on poplar androsaceous fruit trees. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that the58isolateson poplar and37isolates on rosaceous fruit trees from five typical climate regions in Chinawere considered as8or9species of Botryosphaeriaceae afflicting to five genera.Botryosphaeria dothidea populations had moderate genetic diversity (Nei’s genetic diversityindex H=0.6777).
B. dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, D. mutila, Dothiorella viticola andan undescribed new species, Fusicoccum sp.1on poplar were identified based on morphologycombined comparisons of DNA sequences for the ITS, β-tubulin and EF1-α regions. Fifty-threeisolates were regarded as B. dothidea. B. dothidea, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neof.parvum/Neof. ribis complex and another undescribed new species, Fusicoccum sp.2on fruittrees were identified. There were15isolates were reported as B. dothidea,3isolates as L.pseudotheobromae, Neof. parvum/Neof. ribis complex each, and the other6isolates asFusicoccum sp.2. D. seriata was firstly reported on poplar in China, and Dothiorella viticola was observed on from Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides in this study as well as on poplar in aprevious study. There was reason to suspect the corresponding relation between B. rhodina andL. theobromae acorrding to the phylogenetic results based on β-tubulin sequence, and considerthat the anamorphic B. rhodina is L. pseudotheobromae. Distribution of most isolates had nodirect correlation with climate regions, except that L. pseudotheobromae was only found insouth subtropical in China.
Comparison of cultural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships based on LSUregion and ITS/EF1-α combined sequences supported the phylogenetic position of Fusicoccumsp.1and Fusicoccum sp.2belonging to Botryosphaeria complex. Fusicoccum sp.1was theclosest to Fusicoccum fabicercianum. Fusicoccum sp.1and Fusicoccum sp.2appearedobviously different from the other species in Botryosphaeria complex based on culturalcharacteristics.
Botryosphaeria dothidea, the dominant species on both poplar and fruit trees, was locatedfrom mid-temperate to south semitropical zone, which indicated the differentiation potencyadapting to different host and geography. To find out genetic differences and genetic diversityof B. dothidea population, ten polymorphic SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) loci were selectedfor investigating genetic diversity and structure of77isolates from5climate regions, namelymid-temperate sub-humid climate region (12B), warm-temperate sub-humid climate region(13B), north-subtropical humid climate region (21A), mid-subtropical sub-humid climateregion (22A) and south-subtropical humid climate region (23A). In this study on the77isolates,5populations were found to have a moderate gene diversity and a low genetic variation(Fst=0.0758). Most of genetic variation was from inner population, while those betweenpopulations were low. Except12B, the other4populations had unique alleles, and the numberwas21,2,2and3. The reason for low genetic differentiation and high gene flow in5populations were probably that the locations of77isolates were the places with frequenthuman activities, and were directly assisted by movement with their host plant, especiallypoplar. Meanwhile, the unique alleles were found in different populations, including407bp and425bp of21A,424bp and429bp of22A,234bp,408bp and416bp of23A, and313bp,333bp, etc. of13B. These unique alleles were very significant for detecting B. dothidea when latent intissues.
为了澄清我国树木溃疡病病原真菌的种类和调查葡萄座腔菌科真菌在我国分布的多样性，针对引起杨树和蔷薇科果树病害的葡萄座腔菌科病原进行研究，采用形态学和系统发育学的方法，从我国南北方的5个典型气候区分离到58株寄主为杨树和37株寄主为蔷薇科果树的试验菌株，结合形态学和系统发育分析方法，鉴定葡萄座腔菌科5个属8（或9）种真菌。Botryosphaeria dothidea种群具有中度偏高的遗传多样性，Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）为0.6777。
利用形态学结合ITS、β-tubulin和EF1-α序列比较分析表明，发生于杨树上的种类包括Botryosphaeria dothidea、Neofusicoccum parvum、Diplodia seriata、D. mutila、Dothiorellaviticola和一个未定名新种Fusicoccum sp.1，其中，共有53株为B. dothidea，其它种各1株；发生于蔷薇科果树上的有B. dothidea、Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae、Neof.parvum/Neof. ribis复合种和另一个未定名新种Fusicoccum sp.2，其中，B. dothidea15株，L. pseudotheobromae和Neof. parvum/Neof. ribis各有3株， Fusicoccum sp.2有6株。上述种类中，D. seriata在我国是第一次报道发生在杨树上；Do. viticola是第一次报道于滇青冈。根据β-tubulin序列系统发育关系研究，对B. rhodina与其无性型L. theobromae的对应关系提出质疑，认为B. rhodina的无性型应为L. pseudotheobromae。研究表明，除了L. pseudotheobromae只发生于南亚热带外，其余绝大多数试验菌株在我国的分布与气候区没有直接的联系。
培养特征的比较和LSU序列、ITS/EF1-α序列联合建立的系统发育关系进一步支持了两个未定名种Fusicoccum sp.1和Fusicoccum sp.2的系统地位，属于Botryosphaeriacomplex。Fusicoccum sp.1与Fusicoccum fabicercianum表现出最近的亲缘关系，Fusicoccumsp.1和Fusicoccum sp.2与Botryosphaeria complex其它种存在着显著的培养特征上的区别：它们的菌落均呈现环状，且培养至第10天气生菌丝仍未变灰。
Botryosphaeria dothidea为两类寄主上的优势种类，其分布区域横跨南亚热带到中温带，显示出对不同地理和寄主的适应性。为了分析B. dothidea种群的遗传分化和遗传多样性，从文献记载的标记中筛选出来10个简单序列重要（SSR）标记用于分析来自5个地区种群77个试验菌株的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构，分别来自5个气候区：中温带亚湿润型气候大区、暖温带亚湿润型气候大区、北亚热带湿润型气候大区、中亚热带湿润型气候大区和南亚热带湿润型气候大区。结果表明各种群的多样性指数均为中度偏高（H=0.6777）；群体间的遗传分化程度较低（平均Fst=0.0758），且遗传差异大多来自群体内部，而群体间的遗传差异较小。除中温带亚湿润型气候大区种群外，其余4个种群都有自己特定的等位基因，其特有等位基因数依次为21、2、2、3个。77个试验菌株构成的不同地理群体间的分化程度低，基因流动较大，可能与菌株来源于人为活动频繁的地区有关，并且与寄主的反复迁移有直接关系，尤其是杨树。杨树和蔷薇科寄主的菌株没有表现也寄主分化特征。但同时也发现了不同种群特定的等位基因，包括北亚热带湿润型气候大区种群的407bp和425bp，中亚热带湿润型气候大区种群的424bp和429bp，南亚热带湿润型气候大区种群的234bp、408bp和416bp及暖温带亚湿润型气候大区种群的特定等位基因313bp、333bp等，这对于一些潜伏于寄主组织内的特定B. dothidea地理种群的监测具有重要作用。
The species-rich family, Botryosphaeriaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes), has acosmopolitan distribution and causes canker and die-back on branches and stems of variouseconomically important trees including poplar and fruit trees in China. The pathogens arecommonly nominated according to diseases and host plants for long, which brings the sameorganism with different names or different organisms with the same name, and confusion ofnomination and taxonomy of Botryosphaeriaceae. These problems hindered the effectivecontrol and management of the disease. The type species, Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one ofthe most common speices in this family. This species has been found in many climate regions.It is significant to find out genetic diversity and differerciation of B. dothidea populations fordetecting and managing disease.
This study investigate the pathogens of canker and die-back and the diversity ofBotryosphaeriaceae in China, especially the botryosphaeriaceous fungi on poplar androsaceous fruit trees. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that the58isolateson poplar and37isolates on rosaceous fruit trees from five typical climate regions in Chinawere considered as8or9species of Botryosphaeriaceae afflicting to five genera.Botryosphaeria dothidea populations had moderate genetic diversity (Nei’s genetic diversityindex H=0.6777).
B. dothidea, Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata, D. mutila, Dothiorella viticola andan undescribed new species, Fusicoccum sp.1on poplar were identified based on morphologycombined comparisons of DNA sequences for the ITS, β-tubulin and EF1-α regions. Fifty-threeisolates were regarded as B. dothidea. B. dothidea, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neof.parvum/Neof. ribis complex and another undescribed new species, Fusicoccum sp.2on fruittrees were identified. There were15isolates were reported as B. dothidea,3isolates as L.pseudotheobromae, Neof. parvum/Neof. ribis complex each, and the other6isolates asFusicoccum sp.2. D. seriata was firstly reported on poplar in China, and Dothiorella viticola was observed on from Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides in this study as well as on poplar in aprevious study. There was reason to suspect the corresponding relation between B. rhodina andL. theobromae acorrding to the phylogenetic results based on β-tubulin sequence, and considerthat the anamorphic B. rhodina is L. pseudotheobromae. Distribution of most isolates had nodirect correlation with climate regions, except that L. pseudotheobromae was only found insouth subtropical in China.
Comparison of cultural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships based on LSUregion and ITS/EF1-α combined sequences supported the phylogenetic position of Fusicoccumsp.1and Fusicoccum sp.2belonging to Botryosphaeria complex. Fusicoccum sp.1was theclosest to Fusicoccum fabicercianum. Fusicoccum sp.1and Fusicoccum sp.2appearedobviously different from the other species in Botryosphaeria complex based on culturalcharacteristics.
Botryosphaeria dothidea, the dominant species on both poplar and fruit trees, was locatedfrom mid-temperate to south semitropical zone, which indicated the differentiation potencyadapting to different host and geography. To find out genetic differences and genetic diversityof B. dothidea population, ten polymorphic SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) loci were selectedfor investigating genetic diversity and structure of77isolates from5climate regions, namelymid-temperate sub-humid climate region (12B), warm-temperate sub-humid climate region(13B), north-subtropical humid climate region (21A), mid-subtropical sub-humid climateregion (22A) and south-subtropical humid climate region (23A). In this study on the77isolates,5populations were found to have a moderate gene diversity and a low genetic variation(Fst=0.0758). Most of genetic variation was from inner population, while those betweenpopulations were low. Except12B, the other4populations had unique alleles, and the numberwas21,2,2and3. The reason for low genetic differentiation and high gene flow in5populations were probably that the locations of77isolates were the places with frequenthuman activities, and were directly assisted by movement with their host plant, especiallypoplar. Meanwhile, the unique alleles were found in different populations, including407bp and425bp of21A,424bp and429bp of22A,234bp,408bp and416bp of23A, and313bp,333bp, etc. of13B. These unique alleles were very significant for detecting B. dothidea when latent intissues.
引文
Abdollahzadeh J, Goltapeh EM, Javadi A, et al. Barriopsis iraniana and Phaeobotryon cupressi: two newspecies of the Botryosphaeriaceae from trees in Iran. Persoonia,2009,23:1-8
Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, et al. Botryosphaeria corticola sp. nov. on Quercus species, with notes anddescription of Botryosphaeria stevensii and its anamorph Diplodia mutila. Mycologia,2004,96(3):598-613
Alves A, Correia A, Phillips AJL. Multi-gene genealogies and morphological data support Diplodia cupressisp. nov., previously recognized as D. pinea f. sp. cupressi, as a distinct species. Fungal Diversity,2006,23:1-15
Alves A, Crous PW, Correia A, et al. Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic speciation inLasiodiplodia theobromae. Fungal Diversity,2008,28:1-13
Baird RE, Wadl PA, Allen T, et al. Variability of United States isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina basedon simple sequence repeats and cross genus transferability to related genera within Botryosphaeriaceae.Mycopathologia,2010,170(3):169-180
Barber PA, Burgess T, Hardy GESJ, et al. Botryosphaeria species from Eucalyptus in Australia arepleoanamorphic, producing Dichomera synanamorphs in culture. Mycological Research,2005,109(12):1347-1363
Barr ME. The genus Dothidotthia (Botryosphaeriaceae) in North America. Mycotaxon,1989,34:517-526
Begoude BAD, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Terminalia catappa inCameroon, South Africa and Madagascar. Mycological Progress,2010,9(1):101-123
Blodgett JT, Kruger EL, Stanosz GR. Sphaeropsis sapinea and water stress in a red pine plantation in centralWisconsin. Phytopathology,1997,87(4):429-434
Brown EA, Britton KO. Botryosphaeria diseases of apple and peach in the Southeastern United States. Plantdisease (USA),1986
Brown-Rytlewski DE, McManus PS. Virulence of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Botryosphaeria obtusa onapple and management of stem cankers with fungicides. Plant Disease,2000,84(9):1031-1037
Burgess TI, Barber PA, Hardy GESJ. Botryosphaeria spp. associated with eucalypts in Western Australiaincluding description of Fusicoccum macroclavatum sp. nov. Australasian Plant Pathology,2005,34:557-567
Burgess TI, Barber PA, Mohali S, et al. Three new Lasiodiplodia spp. from the tropics, recognized based onDNA sequence comparisons and morphology. Mycologia,2006,98(3):423-435
Burgess TI, Gordon TR, Wingfield MJ, et al. Geographic isolation of Diplodia scrobiculata and itsassociation with native Pinus radiata. Mycological Research,2004,108(12):1399-1406
Burgess TI, Sakalidis M, Hardy GESJ. Gene flow of the canker pathogen Botryosphaeria australis betweenEucalyptus globulus plantations and native eucalypt forests in Western Australia. Austral Ecology,2006,31(5):559-566
Burgess TI, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Comparison of genotypic diversity in native and introducedpopulations of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolated from Pinus radiata. Mycological Research,2001,105(11):1331-1339
Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for thetropical tree pathogen Botryosphaeria rhodina. Molecular Ecology Notes,2003,3(1):91-94
Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Global distribution of Diplodia pinea genotypes revealed usingsimple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Australasian Plant Pathology,2004,33:513-519
Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers distinguish betweenmorphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(1):3544-362
Carbone I, Kohn LM. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes.Mycologia,1999,91(3):553-556
Chen SF, Pavlic D, Roux J, et al. Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae from plantation grown Eucalyptusspecies in South China. Plant Pathology,2011: DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02431.x
Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, et al. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies inMycology,2006,55:235-253
Damm U, Crous PW, Fourie PH. Botryosphaeriaceae as potential pathogens of Prunus species in SouthAfrica, with descriptions of Diplodia africana and Lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov. Mycologia,2007,99(5):664-680
Damm U, Fourie PH, Crous PW. Aplosporella prunicola, a novel species of anamorphic Botryosphaeriaceae.Fungal Diversity,2007,27:35-43
de Wet J, Burgess T, Slippers B, et al. Multiple gene genealogies and microsatellite markers reflectrelationships between morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea and distinguish a new species of Diplodia.Mycological Research,2003,107(5):557-566
de Wet J, Slippers B, Preisig O, et al. Molecular and morphological characterization of Dothiorella casuarinisp. nov. and other Botryosphaeriaceae with diplodia-like conidia. Mycologia,2009,101(4):503-511
de Wet J, Slippers B, Preisig O, et al. Phylogeny of the Botryosphaeriaceae reveals patterns of hostassociation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2008,46(1):116-126
de Wet J, Wingfield MJ, Coutinho TA, et al. Characterization of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates from SouthAfrica, Mexico and Indonesia. Plant Disease,2000,84(2):151-156
Denman S, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, et al. Circumscription of Botryosphaeria species associated withProteaceae based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Mycologia,2003,95(2):294-307
Denman S, Crous PW, Taylor JE, et al. An overview of the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria and are-evaluation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny. Studies in Mycology,2000,45:129-140
Diaz O, Salomon B, Von Bothmer R. Genetic variation and differentiation in Nordic populations of Elymusalaskanus (Scrib. ex Merr.) L ve (Poaceae). TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1999,99(1):210-217
Dirlewanger E, Graziano E, Joobeur T, et al. Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection inRosaceae fruit crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(26):9891
Evans RC, Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic evaluation of relationships and evolution in theRosaceae, Granduate Department of Botany, University of Toronto,1999
Farr DF, Bills GF, Chamuris GP, et al. Fungi on plants and plant products in the United States. APS press,1989
Farr DF, Elliott M, Rossman AY, et al. Fusicoccum arbuti sp. nov. causing cankers on Pacific madrone inwestern North America with notes on Fusicoccum dimidiatum, the correct name for Scytalidiumdimidiatum and Nattrassia mangiferae. Mycologia,2005,97(3):730-741
Grossenbacher JG, Duggar BM, A contribution to the life-history, parasitism, and biology of Botryosphaeriaribis. New York Agricultural Experiment Station,1911
Gure A, Slippers B, Stenlid J. Seed-borne Botryosphaeria spp. from native Prunus and Podocarpus trees inEthiopia, with a description of the anamorph Diplodia rosulata sp. nov. Mycological Research,2005,109(9):1005-1014
Hamelin RC, Ouellette GB, Bernier L. Identification of Gremmeniella abietina races with random amplifiedpolymorphic DNA markers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(6):1752-1755
Hausner G, Hopkin AA, Davis CN, et al. Variation in culture and rDNA among isolates of Sphaeropsissapinea from Ontario and Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1999,21(3):256-264
Inderbitzin P, Bostock RM, Trouillas FP, et al. A six locus phylogeny reveals high species diversity inBotryosphaeriaceae from California almond. Mycologia,2010,102(6):1350-1368
Jacobs KA, Rehner SA. Comparison of cultural and morphological characters and ITS sequences inanamorphs of Botryosphaeria and related taxa. Mycologia,1998,90(4):601-610
Johnson GI, Mead AJ, Cooke AW, et al. Mango stem end rot pathogens-fruit infection by endophyticcolonistion of the inflorescence and pedicel. Annals of Applied Biology,1992,120(2):225-234
Jurc D, Ogris N, Grebenc T, et al. First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea causing bark dieback of Europeanhop hornbeam in Slovenia. Plant Pathology,2006,55(2):299-299
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, et al. Dicotionary of the fungi. Cromwell Press: Trowbridge, UK,2008
Latorre BA, Toledo MV. Occurrence and relative susceptibility of apple cultivars to Botryosphaeria canker inChile. Plant Disease,1984,68(1):36-39
Lazzizera C, Frisullo S, Alves A, et al. Phylogeny and morphology of Diplodia species on olives in southernItaly and description of Diplodia olivarum sp. nov. Fungal Diversity,2008,31:63-71
Li WY, Zhuang WY. Re-examinations of Botryosphaeriaceae (Dothideomycetes) from China on deposit inHMAS. Mycotaxon,2007,100:209-220
Liu GQ, Fan YS, Liu SH, et al. Study on the genetic variation of Physaiospore piricola in apple by UsingRAPD technique. Developmental&Reproductive Biology,2001,10(2):61-67
Lundquist JE, Hamelin RC, Forest Pathology: From Genes to Landscapes. Minnesota, USA: APS Press,2005
Luque J, Martos S, Phillips AJL. Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov. on grapevines: a new species with aDothiorella anamorph. Mycologia,2005,97(5):1111
Madrid H, Ruíz-Cendoya M, Cano J, et al. Genotyping and in vitro antifungal susceptibility ofNeoscytalidium dimidiatum isolates from different origins. International Journal of AntimicrobialAgents,2009(34):351-354
Marincowitz S, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ, et al. Species of Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on Proteaceae.Persoonia,2008,21:111-118
Mehl JWM, Slippers B, Roux J, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Pterocarpus angolensis (kiaat) inSouth Africa. Mycologia,2011,103(3):534-553
Mohali S, Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ. Diversity and host association of the tropical tree endophyteLasiodiplodia theobromae revealed using simple sequence repeat markers. Forest Pathology,2005,35(6):385-396
Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Identification of Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus, Acacia andPinus in Venezuela. Fungal Diversity,2007,25:103-125
Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Two new Fusicoccum spp. from Eucalyptus and Acacia in Venezuala,based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Mycological Research,2006,110(4):405-413
Moral J, Mu oz-Díez C, González N, et al. Characterization and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceaespecies collected from olive and other hosts in Spain and California. Phytopathology,2010,100(12):1340-1351
Newcombe G, The specificity of fungal pathogens of Populus, in Biology of Populus and its implications formanagement and conservation, Stettler R F, Bradshaw H D J, Heilman P E, Hinckley T M, Editors.1996, NRC Research Press: Ottawa, Ont. pp223-246
O'Donnell K, Cigelnik KE, Nirenberg HI. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberellafujikuroi species complex. Mycologia,1998,90(3):465-493
Ogata T, Sano T, Harada Y. Botryosphaeria spp. isolated from apple and several deciduous fruit trees aredivided into three groups based on the production of warts on twigs, size of conidia, and nucleotidesequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS regions. Mycoscience,2000,41(4):331-337
Olde P, Marriott N. A taxonomic revision of Grevillea angulata (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) and closelyrelated species from the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Telopea,1993,5(2):399-417
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on native Syzygium cordatum inSouth Africa and their potential threat to Eucalyptus. Plant Pathology,2007,56(4):624-636
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, et al. Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis sp. nov., a new Botryosphaeriaanamorph from native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa. Studies in Mycology,2004,50:313-322
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, et al. Multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic data reveal crypticspecies of the Botryosphaeriaceae: a case study on the Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis complex.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution,2009,51(2):259-268
Pavlic D, Wingfield MJ, Barber PA, et al. Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab andother native trees in Western Australia. Mycologia,2008,100(6):851-866
Pavlic D. Botryosphaeria species on native South African Syzygium cordatum and their potential threat toEucalyptus. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria: South Africa,2004
Pennycook SR, Samuels GJ. Botryosphaeria and Fusicoccum species associated with ripe fruit rot ofActinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) in New Zealand. Mycotaxon,1985,24:445-458
Petrini O, Fisher PJ. A comparative study of fungal endophytes in xylem and whole stem of Pinus sylvestrisand Fagus sylvatica. Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1988,91(2):233-238
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Correia A, et al. Two new species of Botryosphaeria with brown,1-septate ascosporesand Dothiorella anamorphs. Mycologia,2005,97(2):513-529
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, et al. Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-sporedteleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia,2008,21:29-55
Phillips AJL, Crous PW, Alves A. Diplodia seriata, the anamorph of “Botryosphaeria” obtusa. FungalDiversity,2007,25:141-155
Phillips AJL, Fonseca F, Povoa V, et al. A reassessment of the anamorphic fungus Fusicoccum luteum anddescription of its teleomorph Botryosphaeria lutea sp. nov. Sydowia,2002,54:59-77
Phillips AJL, Oudemans PV, Correia A, et al. Characterisation and epitypification of Botryosphaeria corticis,the cause of blueberry cane canker. Fungal Diversity,2006,21:141-155
Phillips AJL. Botryosphaeria populi sp. nov. and its Fusicoccum anamorph from poplar trees in Portugal.Mycotaxon,2000,76:135-140
Pitt WM, Huang R, Steel CC, et al. Identification, distribution and current taxonomy of Botryosphaeriaceaespecies associated with grapevine decline in New South Wales and South Australia. Australian Journalof Grape and Wine Research,2010,16(1):258-271
Punithalingam E, Walker JA, Botryosphaeria obtusa, in Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria.1973,Commeonwealth Mycological institute: Kew, Surrey, England
Ray JD, Burgess T, Lanoiselet VM. First record of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and N. novaehollandiae onMangifera indica and N. dimidiatum on Ficus carica in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes,2010,5(1):48-50
Rojas EI, Herre EA, Mejía LC, et al. Endomelanconiopsis, a new anamorph genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae.Mycologia,2008,100(5):760-775
Sakalidis M. Resolving the Botryosphaeria ribis-B. parva species complex; a molecular and phenotypicinvestigation. School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia,2004
Sakalidis ML, Ray JD, Lanoiselet V, et al. Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Mangifera indicain the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. European journal of plant pathology,2011,130(3):379-391
Schoch C, Shoemaker RA, Seifert KA, et al. A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using fournuclear loci. Mycologia,2006,98(6):1041-1052
Shoemaker R. Conidial states of some Botryosphaeria species on Vitis and Quercus. Canadian Journal ofBotany,1964,42(9):1297-1301
Slippers B, Burgess T, Pavlic D, et al. A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infect Eucalyptus innative and non-native environments. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science,2009,71(2):101-110
Slippers B, Burgess T, Wingfield BD, et al. Development of simple sequence repeat markers forBotryosphaeria spp. with Fusicoccum anamorphs. Molecular Ecology Notes,2004,4(4):675-677
Slippers B, Crous PW, Denman S, et al. Combined multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic charactersdifferentiate several species previously identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Mycologia,2004,96(1):83-101
Slippers B, Fourie G, Crous PW, et al. Multiple gene sequences delimit Botryosphaeria australis sp. nov.from B. lutea. Mycologia,2004,96(5):1030-1041
Slippers B, Fourie G, Crous PW, et al. Speciation and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. on native andintroduced Eucalyptus trees in Australia and South Africa. Studies In Mycology,2004,50:343-358
Slippers B, Johnson GI, Crous PW, et al. Phylogenetic and morphological reevaluation of the Botryosphaeriaspecies causing diseases of Mangifera indica. Mycologia,2005,97(1):99-110
Slippers B, Smit WA, Crous PW, et al. Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of Botryosphaeriaceaeassociated with pome and stone fruit trees in South Africa and other regions of the world. PlantPathology,2007,56(1):128-139
Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity,ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews,2007,21:90-106
Slippers B. Taxonomy, phylogeny and ecology of botryosphaeriaceous fungi occurring on various woodyhosts. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria, PhD thesis,2003
Smith DH, Fergus CL. Effect of light intensity on sporulation of Botryosphaeria ribis. Mycopathologia,1971,45(3):311-315
Smith DR, Stanosz GR. Confirmation of two distinct populations of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the NorthCentral States using RAPDs. Phytopathology,1995,85:699-704
Smith DR, Wingfield BD, de Wet J, et al. Genotypic Diversity of Sphaeropsis sapinea from South Africa andNorthern Sumatra. Plant Disease,2000,84(2):139-142
Smith H, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, et al. Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum sp. nov., a new species in the B.dothidea-complex on Eucalyptus in South Africa. Mycologia,2001,93(2):277-285
Solel Z, Madar Z, Kimchi M, et al. Diplodia canker of cypress. Can J Plant Pathol,1987,9:115-118
Su G, Suh SO, Schneider RW, et al. Host specialization in the charcoal rot fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina.Phytopathology,2001,91(2):120-126
Sutton BC, The Coelomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti with acervuli, pycnidia and stromata. Kew, UK.:Commonwealth Mycological Institute,1980
Swart WJ, Wingfield MJ. Biology and control of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Pinus species in South Africa. PlantDisease,1991,75(8):761-766
Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Kroken S, et al. Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi.Fungal Genetics and Biology,2000,31:21-32
Taylor K, Barber PA, Hardy GESJ, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae from tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala)woodland, including descriptions of four new species. Mycological Research,2009,113(3):337-353.
Teng SC. Fungi of China. ed. RP K. Mycotaxon, Ltd.: Ithaca, New York,1996
Thiel T, Michalek W, Varshney RK, et al. Exploiting EST databases for the development and characterizationof gen-derived SSR-markers in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2003,106:411-422
Tisserat NA, Rossman AY, Nus A. A canker disease of Rocky Mountain juniper caused by Botryosphaeriastevensii. Plant disease (USA),1988
úrbez-Torres JR, Leavitt GM, Voegel TM, et al. Identification and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp.associated with grapevine cankers in California. Plant Disease,2006,90(12):1490-1503
van Niekerk JM, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, et al. DNA phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity ofBotryosphaeria species on grapevines. Mycologia,2004,96(4):781-798
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes forphylogenetics, in PCR protocols: a guide to the methods and applications, Innis M A, Gelfand D H,Sninsky J J, White T J, Editors. Academic Press: New York.1990,315-322
Zhang R, Guo X, Sun G, et al. Dothiorella viticola on Populus cathayana in China: a new record. Mycotaxon,2009,109(1):129-135
Zhao JP, LU Q, Liang J, et al. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a new record of pathogenic fungi from somesubtropical and tropical trees in southern Chian. Cryptogamie, Mycologie,2010,31(4):431-439
Zhou S, Stanosz GR. Relationships among Botryosphaeria species and associated anamorphic fungi inferredfrom the analyses of ITS and5.8S rDNA sequences. Mycologia,2001,93(3):516-527
Zhou SG, Smith DR, Stanosz GR. Differentiation of Botryosphaeria species and related anamorphic fungiusing Inter Simple or Short Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting. Mycological Research,2001,105(8):919-926
陈策.苹果果实轮纹病研究进展.植物病理学报,1999,29(3):193-198
陈海燕.杨树溃疡病病原真菌营养体亲和性研究.西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2006,150
陈永久,张亚平.随机扩增多态DNA影响因素的研究.动物学研究,1997,18(2):221-227
程燕林,梁军,吕全,等.葡萄座腔菌科研究进展——鉴定，系统发育学和分子生态学.生态学报,2011,31(11):3197-3207
戴芳澜.中国真菌总汇.北京:科学出版社,1979
邓叔群.中国的真菌.北京:科学出版社,1963
董娟华,李保华.苹果轮纹病的研究进展.北方果树,2009,(1):1-2
范巧红,周向军,吴洪忠,等.果树枝干病害及防治方法综述.宁夏农林科技,2007(2):113-114
侯保林.果树病害.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987
黄春燕,刘开启.苹果轮纹病及相关病害病菌的RAPD分析.植物病理学报,2001,31(2):164-149
黄烈健,苏晓华.我国杨树溃疡病研究进展.世界林业研究,2003,16(4):49-53
黄天章.葡萄座壳属一新种.微生物学报,1977,17(4):303-305
黄勇平,朱湘雄.分子生态学——生命科学领域的新学科.中国科学院院刊,2003,2:84-88
黄征宇,李传道.杨树溃疡病菌致病力分化及杨树抗性评价.南京林业大学学报,1987,1:25-33
康乐,张民照.分子生态学的兴起、研究热点和展望.中国科学院院刊,1995,4:292-299
康玲,郝红梅,杨振英,等.苹果轮纹病研究进展.中国农学通报,2009,25(9):188-191
黎云昆.我国杨树人工用材林与人造板工业发民思考.林业经济,2010,(7):36-40
李传道.树木的溃疡病.南京林产工业学院学报,1979,(1-2):22-35
李锐.柽柳SSR标记开发及群体遗传结构分析.南京林业大学硕士学位论文,2007,66
李文英,庄文颖.座囊菌目及相关类群属间关系的系统学初探.菌物学报,2009,28(2):161-170
蔺宇,朱振东.2006. SSR标记及其在植物病原真菌研究中的应用和前景.中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cn//index.php/default/releasepaper/content/6301
马爱瑛. rDNA分析在真菌分类鉴定中的应用.安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18079-18081
么枕生.气候学原理.北京：科学出版社，1959, pp510
牟惠芬,刘开启.果树病害基础知识及其主要病害的防治.落叶果树,1986,(01,02):41-44,46
曲俭绪,沈瑞祥.杨树溃疡病菌致病性分化与酯酶同功酶关系的研究.北京林业大学学报,1993,12:83-87
汪景彦,刘凤之,程存刚.我国果树栽培30年回顾.果树实用技术与信息,2009,(8):4-8
王金利,贺伟,秦国夫,等.树木溃疡病重要病原葡萄座腔菌属种及其无性型研究.林业科学研究,2007,21(2):21-28
王茜,王新华.直突摇蚊亚科部分属28S rDNA D1序列的分子系统发育关系（双翅目，摇蚊科）.动物分类学报，2011,36(1):93-98
魏淑花,张星耀,叶建仁,等.树木溃疡病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea不同菌株致病力分化与产毒强弱的关系.浙江林学院学报,2009,26(5):613-619
魏伟.分子生态学概述.遗传多样性研究的原理与方法,季维智,宿兵.杭州:浙江科学技术出版社出版,1999,20-30
吴小芹,黄敏仁.中国松树枯梢病菌遗传多态性的RAPD分析.林业科学,2000,36(4):32-38
向玉英,花晓梅,赵经周.杨树水泡型溃疡病的病原菌鉴定.微生物学报,1979,19(1):57-63
谢婷,唐丽艳,马黎.双间柱顶孢的研究进展.中国真菌学杂志,2006,1(3):177-181
谢艺贤,郑服丛.应用DNA分子进行真菌分类的原理及方法.华南热带农业大学学报,2000,6(1):35-40
徐梅,尚忠海.苹果轮纹病菌与干腐病菌的研究.河南林业科技,1999,19(2):7-9
徐梅卿,周旭东,朴春根.中国不同栽培区杨树品系及其病害种类.林业科学研究,2009,22(5):705-714
余仲东,曹支敏,张星耀.杨树溃疡病、苹果轮纹病等病原菌的ITS-rDNA-RFLP解析.中国森林病虫,2004,23(2):15-18
余仲东,高爱琴. Dothiorella gregaria对蔷薇科等寄主致病性测定.中国森林病虫,2004,23(4):21-23
余仲东,赵官成,淡静雅,等.葡萄座腔菌属ITS-nrDNA的分子系统学分析.菌物学报,2010,29(2):285-293
张萍,肖新月,张南平,等.蔷薇科根类药材化学成分及药理作用研究进展.中国药事,2008,22(8):721-726
张文娟,刘彦梅,佟春光,等.圆酵母样亨德逊霉引起皮肤真菌病国内首例报告.中华皮肤科杂志,2000,33(5):301-303
张星耀,骆有庆.中国森林重大生物灾害.北京:中国林业出版社,2003
张星耀,赵嘉平,梁军,等.树木溃疡病菌主要类群系统地位及茶藨子葡萄座腔菌的种内一致性.林业科学,2006,42(11):61-68
张星耀,赵嘉平,梁军,等.树木枝干溃疡病菌致病力分化研究.中国森林病虫,2008,27(1-4)
张星耀,赵仕光,吕全,等.树木溃疡病原真菌类群分子遗传多样性研究II——Botryosphaeria属28SrDNA-PCR-RFLP和RAPD解析.林业科学,2000,36(2):75-81
张星耀,赵仕光,朴春根,等.树木溃疡病原真菌类群分子遗传多样性研究I——小穴壳属,疡壳孢属,壳曩孢属,盾壳霉属分类地位的分子证明.林业科学,1999,35(3):34-40
赵嘉平.树木溃疡病菌——葡萄座腔菌属及相关真菌系统分类研究.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所博士学位论文,2007, pp135
赵嘉平,梁军,吕全,等.葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)系统分类评述.林业科学研究,2007,20(3):415-422
中央气象局.中国气候区划名称与代码——气候带和气候大区.北京:中国标准出版社,1998
周奕华,陈正华.分子标记在植物学中的应用及前景.武汉植物学研究,1999,17(1):75-86
Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, et al. Botryosphaeria corticola sp. nov. on Quercus species, with notes anddescription of Botryosphaeria stevensii and its anamorph Diplodia mutila. Mycologia,2004,96(3):598-613
Alves A, Correia A, Phillips AJL. Multi-gene genealogies and morphological data support Diplodia cupressisp. nov., previously recognized as D. pinea f. sp. cupressi, as a distinct species. Fungal Diversity,2006,23:1-15
Alves A, Crous PW, Correia A, et al. Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic speciation inLasiodiplodia theobromae. Fungal Diversity,2008,28:1-13
Baird RE, Wadl PA, Allen T, et al. Variability of United States isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina basedon simple sequence repeats and cross genus transferability to related genera within Botryosphaeriaceae.Mycopathologia,2010,170(3):169-180
Barber PA, Burgess T, Hardy GESJ, et al. Botryosphaeria species from Eucalyptus in Australia arepleoanamorphic, producing Dichomera synanamorphs in culture. Mycological Research,2005,109(12):1347-1363
Barr ME. The genus Dothidotthia (Botryosphaeriaceae) in North America. Mycotaxon,1989,34:517-526
Begoude BAD, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Terminalia catappa inCameroon, South Africa and Madagascar. Mycological Progress,2010,9(1):101-123
Blodgett JT, Kruger EL, Stanosz GR. Sphaeropsis sapinea and water stress in a red pine plantation in centralWisconsin. Phytopathology,1997,87(4):429-434
Brown EA, Britton KO. Botryosphaeria diseases of apple and peach in the Southeastern United States. Plantdisease (USA),1986
Brown-Rytlewski DE, McManus PS. Virulence of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Botryosphaeria obtusa onapple and management of stem cankers with fungicides. Plant Disease,2000,84(9):1031-1037
Burgess TI, Barber PA, Hardy GESJ. Botryosphaeria spp. associated with eucalypts in Western Australiaincluding description of Fusicoccum macroclavatum sp. nov. Australasian Plant Pathology,2005,34:557-567
Burgess TI, Barber PA, Mohali S, et al. Three new Lasiodiplodia spp. from the tropics, recognized based onDNA sequence comparisons and morphology. Mycologia,2006,98(3):423-435
Burgess TI, Gordon TR, Wingfield MJ, et al. Geographic isolation of Diplodia scrobiculata and itsassociation with native Pinus radiata. Mycological Research,2004,108(12):1399-1406
Burgess TI, Sakalidis M, Hardy GESJ. Gene flow of the canker pathogen Botryosphaeria australis betweenEucalyptus globulus plantations and native eucalypt forests in Western Australia. Austral Ecology,2006,31(5):559-566
Burgess TI, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Comparison of genotypic diversity in native and introducedpopulations of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolated from Pinus radiata. Mycological Research,2001,105(11):1331-1339
Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for thetropical tree pathogen Botryosphaeria rhodina. Molecular Ecology Notes,2003,3(1):91-94
Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Global distribution of Diplodia pinea genotypes revealed usingsimple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Australasian Plant Pathology,2004,33:513-519
Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers distinguish betweenmorphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2001,67(1):3544-362
Carbone I, Kohn LM. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes.Mycologia,1999,91(3):553-556
Chen SF, Pavlic D, Roux J, et al. Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae from plantation grown Eucalyptusspecies in South China. Plant Pathology,2011: DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02431.x
Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, et al. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies inMycology,2006,55:235-253
Damm U, Crous PW, Fourie PH. Botryosphaeriaceae as potential pathogens of Prunus species in SouthAfrica, with descriptions of Diplodia africana and Lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov. Mycologia,2007,99(5):664-680
Damm U, Fourie PH, Crous PW. Aplosporella prunicola, a novel species of anamorphic Botryosphaeriaceae.Fungal Diversity,2007,27:35-43
de Wet J, Burgess T, Slippers B, et al. Multiple gene genealogies and microsatellite markers reflectrelationships between morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea and distinguish a new species of Diplodia.Mycological Research,2003,107(5):557-566
de Wet J, Slippers B, Preisig O, et al. Molecular and morphological characterization of Dothiorella casuarinisp. nov. and other Botryosphaeriaceae with diplodia-like conidia. Mycologia,2009,101(4):503-511
de Wet J, Slippers B, Preisig O, et al. Phylogeny of the Botryosphaeriaceae reveals patterns of hostassociation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2008,46(1):116-126
de Wet J, Wingfield MJ, Coutinho TA, et al. Characterization of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates from SouthAfrica, Mexico and Indonesia. Plant Disease,2000,84(2):151-156
Denman S, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, et al. Circumscription of Botryosphaeria species associated withProteaceae based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Mycologia,2003,95(2):294-307
Denman S, Crous PW, Taylor JE, et al. An overview of the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria and are-evaluation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny. Studies in Mycology,2000,45:129-140
Diaz O, Salomon B, Von Bothmer R. Genetic variation and differentiation in Nordic populations of Elymusalaskanus (Scrib. ex Merr.) L ve (Poaceae). TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics,1999,99(1):210-217
Dirlewanger E, Graziano E, Joobeur T, et al. Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection inRosaceae fruit crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(26):9891
Evans RC, Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic evaluation of relationships and evolution in theRosaceae, Granduate Department of Botany, University of Toronto,1999
Farr DF, Bills GF, Chamuris GP, et al. Fungi on plants and plant products in the United States. APS press,1989
Farr DF, Elliott M, Rossman AY, et al. Fusicoccum arbuti sp. nov. causing cankers on Pacific madrone inwestern North America with notes on Fusicoccum dimidiatum, the correct name for Scytalidiumdimidiatum and Nattrassia mangiferae. Mycologia,2005,97(3):730-741
Grossenbacher JG, Duggar BM, A contribution to the life-history, parasitism, and biology of Botryosphaeriaribis. New York Agricultural Experiment Station,1911
Gure A, Slippers B, Stenlid J. Seed-borne Botryosphaeria spp. from native Prunus and Podocarpus trees inEthiopia, with a description of the anamorph Diplodia rosulata sp. nov. Mycological Research,2005,109(9):1005-1014
Hamelin RC, Ouellette GB, Bernier L. Identification of Gremmeniella abietina races with random amplifiedpolymorphic DNA markers. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(6):1752-1755
Hausner G, Hopkin AA, Davis CN, et al. Variation in culture and rDNA among isolates of Sphaeropsissapinea from Ontario and Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,1999,21(3):256-264
Inderbitzin P, Bostock RM, Trouillas FP, et al. A six locus phylogeny reveals high species diversity inBotryosphaeriaceae from California almond. Mycologia,2010,102(6):1350-1368
Jacobs KA, Rehner SA. Comparison of cultural and morphological characters and ITS sequences inanamorphs of Botryosphaeria and related taxa. Mycologia,1998,90(4):601-610
Johnson GI, Mead AJ, Cooke AW, et al. Mango stem end rot pathogens-fruit infection by endophyticcolonistion of the inflorescence and pedicel. Annals of Applied Biology,1992,120(2):225-234
Jurc D, Ogris N, Grebenc T, et al. First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea causing bark dieback of Europeanhop hornbeam in Slovenia. Plant Pathology,2006,55(2):299-299
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, et al. Dicotionary of the fungi. Cromwell Press: Trowbridge, UK,2008
Latorre BA, Toledo MV. Occurrence and relative susceptibility of apple cultivars to Botryosphaeria canker inChile. Plant Disease,1984,68(1):36-39
Lazzizera C, Frisullo S, Alves A, et al. Phylogeny and morphology of Diplodia species on olives in southernItaly and description of Diplodia olivarum sp. nov. Fungal Diversity,2008,31:63-71
Li WY, Zhuang WY. Re-examinations of Botryosphaeriaceae (Dothideomycetes) from China on deposit inHMAS. Mycotaxon,2007,100:209-220
Liu GQ, Fan YS, Liu SH, et al. Study on the genetic variation of Physaiospore piricola in apple by UsingRAPD technique. Developmental&Reproductive Biology,2001,10(2):61-67
Lundquist JE, Hamelin RC, Forest Pathology: From Genes to Landscapes. Minnesota, USA: APS Press,2005
Luque J, Martos S, Phillips AJL. Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov. on grapevines: a new species with aDothiorella anamorph. Mycologia,2005,97(5):1111
Madrid H, Ruíz-Cendoya M, Cano J, et al. Genotyping and in vitro antifungal susceptibility ofNeoscytalidium dimidiatum isolates from different origins. International Journal of AntimicrobialAgents,2009(34):351-354
Marincowitz S, Groenewald JZ, Wingfield MJ, et al. Species of Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on Proteaceae.Persoonia,2008,21:111-118
Mehl JWM, Slippers B, Roux J, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Pterocarpus angolensis (kiaat) inSouth Africa. Mycologia,2011,103(3):534-553
Mohali S, Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ. Diversity and host association of the tropical tree endophyteLasiodiplodia theobromae revealed using simple sequence repeat markers. Forest Pathology,2005,35(6):385-396
Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Identification of Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus, Acacia andPinus in Venezuela. Fungal Diversity,2007,25:103-125
Mohali S, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Two new Fusicoccum spp. from Eucalyptus and Acacia in Venezuala,based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Mycological Research,2006,110(4):405-413
Moral J, Mu oz-Díez C, González N, et al. Characterization and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceaespecies collected from olive and other hosts in Spain and California. Phytopathology,2010,100(12):1340-1351
Newcombe G, The specificity of fungal pathogens of Populus, in Biology of Populus and its implications formanagement and conservation, Stettler R F, Bradshaw H D J, Heilman P E, Hinckley T M, Editors.1996, NRC Research Press: Ottawa, Ont. pp223-246
O'Donnell K, Cigelnik KE, Nirenberg HI. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberellafujikuroi species complex. Mycologia,1998,90(3):465-493
Ogata T, Sano T, Harada Y. Botryosphaeria spp. isolated from apple and several deciduous fruit trees aredivided into three groups based on the production of warts on twigs, size of conidia, and nucleotidesequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS regions. Mycoscience,2000,41(4):331-337
Olde P, Marriott N. A taxonomic revision of Grevillea angulata (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) and closelyrelated species from the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Telopea,1993,5(2):399-417
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on native Syzygium cordatum inSouth Africa and their potential threat to Eucalyptus. Plant Pathology,2007,56(4):624-636
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, et al. Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis sp. nov., a new Botryosphaeriaanamorph from native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa. Studies in Mycology,2004,50:313-322
Pavlic D, Slippers B, Coutinho TA, et al. Multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic data reveal crypticspecies of the Botryosphaeriaceae: a case study on the Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis complex.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution,2009,51(2):259-268
Pavlic D, Wingfield MJ, Barber PA, et al. Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab andother native trees in Western Australia. Mycologia,2008,100(6):851-866
Pavlic D. Botryosphaeria species on native South African Syzygium cordatum and their potential threat toEucalyptus. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria: South Africa,2004
Pennycook SR, Samuels GJ. Botryosphaeria and Fusicoccum species associated with ripe fruit rot ofActinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) in New Zealand. Mycotaxon,1985,24:445-458
Petrini O, Fisher PJ. A comparative study of fungal endophytes in xylem and whole stem of Pinus sylvestrisand Fagus sylvatica. Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1988,91(2):233-238
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Correia A, et al. Two new species of Botryosphaeria with brown,1-septate ascosporesand Dothiorella anamorphs. Mycologia,2005,97(2):513-529
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, et al. Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-sporedteleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia,2008,21:29-55
Phillips AJL, Crous PW, Alves A. Diplodia seriata, the anamorph of “Botryosphaeria” obtusa. FungalDiversity,2007,25:141-155
Phillips AJL, Fonseca F, Povoa V, et al. A reassessment of the anamorphic fungus Fusicoccum luteum anddescription of its teleomorph Botryosphaeria lutea sp. nov. Sydowia,2002,54:59-77
Phillips AJL, Oudemans PV, Correia A, et al. Characterisation and epitypification of Botryosphaeria corticis,the cause of blueberry cane canker. Fungal Diversity,2006,21:141-155
Phillips AJL. Botryosphaeria populi sp. nov. and its Fusicoccum anamorph from poplar trees in Portugal.Mycotaxon,2000,76:135-140
Pitt WM, Huang R, Steel CC, et al. Identification, distribution and current taxonomy of Botryosphaeriaceaespecies associated with grapevine decline in New South Wales and South Australia. Australian Journalof Grape and Wine Research,2010,16(1):258-271
Punithalingam E, Walker JA, Botryosphaeria obtusa, in Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria.1973,Commeonwealth Mycological institute: Kew, Surrey, England
Ray JD, Burgess T, Lanoiselet VM. First record of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and N. novaehollandiae onMangifera indica and N. dimidiatum on Ficus carica in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes,2010,5(1):48-50
Rojas EI, Herre EA, Mejía LC, et al. Endomelanconiopsis, a new anamorph genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae.Mycologia,2008,100(5):760-775
Sakalidis M. Resolving the Botryosphaeria ribis-B. parva species complex; a molecular and phenotypicinvestigation. School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia,2004
Sakalidis ML, Ray JD, Lanoiselet V, et al. Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Mangifera indicain the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. European journal of plant pathology,2011,130(3):379-391
Schoch C, Shoemaker RA, Seifert KA, et al. A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using fournuclear loci. Mycologia,2006,98(6):1041-1052
Shoemaker R. Conidial states of some Botryosphaeria species on Vitis and Quercus. Canadian Journal ofBotany,1964,42(9):1297-1301
Slippers B, Burgess T, Pavlic D, et al. A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infect Eucalyptus innative and non-native environments. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science,2009,71(2):101-110
Slippers B, Burgess T, Wingfield BD, et al. Development of simple sequence repeat markers forBotryosphaeria spp. with Fusicoccum anamorphs. Molecular Ecology Notes,2004,4(4):675-677
Slippers B, Crous PW, Denman S, et al. Combined multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic charactersdifferentiate several species previously identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Mycologia,2004,96(1):83-101
Slippers B, Fourie G, Crous PW, et al. Multiple gene sequences delimit Botryosphaeria australis sp. nov.from B. lutea. Mycologia,2004,96(5):1030-1041
Slippers B, Fourie G, Crous PW, et al. Speciation and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. on native andintroduced Eucalyptus trees in Australia and South Africa. Studies In Mycology,2004,50:343-358
Slippers B, Johnson GI, Crous PW, et al. Phylogenetic and morphological reevaluation of the Botryosphaeriaspecies causing diseases of Mangifera indica. Mycologia,2005,97(1):99-110
Slippers B, Smit WA, Crous PW, et al. Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of Botryosphaeriaceaeassociated with pome and stone fruit trees in South Africa and other regions of the world. PlantPathology,2007,56(1):128-139
Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity,ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews,2007,21:90-106
Slippers B. Taxonomy, phylogeny and ecology of botryosphaeriaceous fungi occurring on various woodyhosts. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria, PhD thesis,2003
Smith DH, Fergus CL. Effect of light intensity on sporulation of Botryosphaeria ribis. Mycopathologia,1971,45(3):311-315
Smith DR, Stanosz GR. Confirmation of two distinct populations of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the NorthCentral States using RAPDs. Phytopathology,1995,85:699-704
Smith DR, Wingfield BD, de Wet J, et al. Genotypic Diversity of Sphaeropsis sapinea from South Africa andNorthern Sumatra. Plant Disease,2000,84(2):139-142
Smith H, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, et al. Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum sp. nov., a new species in the B.dothidea-complex on Eucalyptus in South Africa. Mycologia,2001,93(2):277-285
Solel Z, Madar Z, Kimchi M, et al. Diplodia canker of cypress. Can J Plant Pathol,1987,9:115-118
Su G, Suh SO, Schneider RW, et al. Host specialization in the charcoal rot fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina.Phytopathology,2001,91(2):120-126
Sutton BC, The Coelomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti with acervuli, pycnidia and stromata. Kew, UK.:Commonwealth Mycological Institute,1980
Swart WJ, Wingfield MJ. Biology and control of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Pinus species in South Africa. PlantDisease,1991,75(8):761-766
Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Kroken S, et al. Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi.Fungal Genetics and Biology,2000,31:21-32
Taylor K, Barber PA, Hardy GESJ, et al. Botryosphaeriaceae from tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala)woodland, including descriptions of four new species. Mycological Research,2009,113(3):337-353.
Teng SC. Fungi of China. ed. RP K. Mycotaxon, Ltd.: Ithaca, New York,1996
Thiel T, Michalek W, Varshney RK, et al. Exploiting EST databases for the development and characterizationof gen-derived SSR-markers in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2003,106:411-422
Tisserat NA, Rossman AY, Nus A. A canker disease of Rocky Mountain juniper caused by Botryosphaeriastevensii. Plant disease (USA),1988
úrbez-Torres JR, Leavitt GM, Voegel TM, et al. Identification and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp.associated with grapevine cankers in California. Plant Disease,2006,90(12):1490-1503
van Niekerk JM, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, et al. DNA phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity ofBotryosphaeria species on grapevines. Mycologia,2004,96(4):781-798
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes forphylogenetics, in PCR protocols: a guide to the methods and applications, Innis M A, Gelfand D H,Sninsky J J, White T J, Editors. Academic Press: New York.1990,315-322
Zhang R, Guo X, Sun G, et al. Dothiorella viticola on Populus cathayana in China: a new record. Mycotaxon,2009,109(1):129-135
Zhao JP, LU Q, Liang J, et al. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a new record of pathogenic fungi from somesubtropical and tropical trees in southern Chian. Cryptogamie, Mycologie,2010,31(4):431-439
Zhou S, Stanosz GR. Relationships among Botryosphaeria species and associated anamorphic fungi inferredfrom the analyses of ITS and5.8S rDNA sequences. Mycologia,2001,93(3):516-527
Zhou SG, Smith DR, Stanosz GR. Differentiation of Botryosphaeria species and related anamorphic fungiusing Inter Simple or Short Sequence Repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting. Mycological Research,2001,105(8):919-926
陈策.苹果果实轮纹病研究进展.植物病理学报,1999,29(3):193-198
陈海燕.杨树溃疡病病原真菌营养体亲和性研究.西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2006,150
陈永久,张亚平.随机扩增多态DNA影响因素的研究.动物学研究,1997,18(2):221-227
程燕林,梁军,吕全,等.葡萄座腔菌科研究进展——鉴定，系统发育学和分子生态学.生态学报,2011,31(11):3197-3207
戴芳澜.中国真菌总汇.北京:科学出版社,1979
邓叔群.中国的真菌.北京:科学出版社,1963
董娟华,李保华.苹果轮纹病的研究进展.北方果树,2009,(1):1-2
范巧红,周向军,吴洪忠,等.果树枝干病害及防治方法综述.宁夏农林科技,2007(2):113-114
侯保林.果树病害.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987
黄春燕,刘开启.苹果轮纹病及相关病害病菌的RAPD分析.植物病理学报,2001,31(2):164-149
黄烈健,苏晓华.我国杨树溃疡病研究进展.世界林业研究,2003,16(4):49-53
黄天章.葡萄座壳属一新种.微生物学报,1977,17(4):303-305
黄勇平,朱湘雄.分子生态学——生命科学领域的新学科.中国科学院院刊,2003,2:84-88
黄征宇,李传道.杨树溃疡病菌致病力分化及杨树抗性评价.南京林业大学学报,1987,1:25-33
康乐,张民照.分子生态学的兴起、研究热点和展望.中国科学院院刊,1995,4:292-299
康玲,郝红梅,杨振英,等.苹果轮纹病研究进展.中国农学通报,2009,25(9):188-191
黎云昆.我国杨树人工用材林与人造板工业发民思考.林业经济,2010,(7):36-40
李传道.树木的溃疡病.南京林产工业学院学报,1979,(1-2):22-35
李锐.柽柳SSR标记开发及群体遗传结构分析.南京林业大学硕士学位论文,2007,66
李文英,庄文颖.座囊菌目及相关类群属间关系的系统学初探.菌物学报,2009,28(2):161-170
蔺宇,朱振东.2006. SSR标记及其在植物病原真菌研究中的应用和前景.中国科技论文在线http://www.paper.edu.cn//index.php/default/releasepaper/content/6301
马爱瑛. rDNA分析在真菌分类鉴定中的应用.安徽农业科学,2010,38(32):18079-18081
么枕生.气候学原理.北京：科学出版社，1959, pp510
牟惠芬,刘开启.果树病害基础知识及其主要病害的防治.落叶果树,1986,(01,02):41-44,46
曲俭绪,沈瑞祥.杨树溃疡病菌致病性分化与酯酶同功酶关系的研究.北京林业大学学报,1993,12:83-87
汪景彦,刘凤之,程存刚.我国果树栽培30年回顾.果树实用技术与信息,2009,(8):4-8
王金利,贺伟,秦国夫,等.树木溃疡病重要病原葡萄座腔菌属种及其无性型研究.林业科学研究,2007,21(2):21-28
王茜,王新华.直突摇蚊亚科部分属28S rDNA D1序列的分子系统发育关系（双翅目，摇蚊科）.动物分类学报，2011,36(1):93-98
魏淑花,张星耀,叶建仁,等.树木溃疡病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea不同菌株致病力分化与产毒强弱的关系.浙江林学院学报,2009,26(5):613-619
魏伟.分子生态学概述.遗传多样性研究的原理与方法,季维智,宿兵.杭州:浙江科学技术出版社出版,1999,20-30
吴小芹,黄敏仁.中国松树枯梢病菌遗传多态性的RAPD分析.林业科学,2000,36(4):32-38
向玉英,花晓梅,赵经周.杨树水泡型溃疡病的病原菌鉴定.微生物学报,1979,19(1):57-63
谢婷,唐丽艳,马黎.双间柱顶孢的研究进展.中国真菌学杂志,2006,1(3):177-181
谢艺贤,郑服丛.应用DNA分子进行真菌分类的原理及方法.华南热带农业大学学报,2000,6(1):35-40
徐梅,尚忠海.苹果轮纹病菌与干腐病菌的研究.河南林业科技,1999,19(2):7-9
徐梅卿,周旭东,朴春根.中国不同栽培区杨树品系及其病害种类.林业科学研究,2009,22(5):705-714
余仲东,曹支敏,张星耀.杨树溃疡病、苹果轮纹病等病原菌的ITS-rDNA-RFLP解析.中国森林病虫,2004,23(2):15-18
余仲东,高爱琴. Dothiorella gregaria对蔷薇科等寄主致病性测定.中国森林病虫,2004,23(4):21-23
余仲东,赵官成,淡静雅,等.葡萄座腔菌属ITS-nrDNA的分子系统学分析.菌物学报,2010,29(2):285-293
张萍,肖新月,张南平,等.蔷薇科根类药材化学成分及药理作用研究进展.中国药事,2008,22(8):721-726
张文娟,刘彦梅,佟春光,等.圆酵母样亨德逊霉引起皮肤真菌病国内首例报告.中华皮肤科杂志,2000,33(5):301-303
张星耀,骆有庆.中国森林重大生物灾害.北京:中国林业出版社,2003
张星耀,赵嘉平,梁军,等.树木溃疡病菌主要类群系统地位及茶藨子葡萄座腔菌的种内一致性.林业科学,2006,42(11):61-68
张星耀,赵嘉平,梁军,等.树木枝干溃疡病菌致病力分化研究.中国森林病虫,2008,27(1-4)
张星耀,赵仕光,吕全,等.树木溃疡病原真菌类群分子遗传多样性研究II——Botryosphaeria属28SrDNA-PCR-RFLP和RAPD解析.林业科学,2000,36(2):75-81
张星耀,赵仕光,朴春根,等.树木溃疡病原真菌类群分子遗传多样性研究I——小穴壳属,疡壳孢属,壳曩孢属,盾壳霉属分类地位的分子证明.林业科学,1999,35(3):34-40
赵嘉平.树木溃疡病菌——葡萄座腔菌属及相关真菌系统分类研究.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所博士学位论文,2007, pp135
赵嘉平,梁军,吕全,等.葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)系统分类评述.林业科学研究,2007,20(3):415-422
中央气象局.中国气候区划名称与代码——气候带和气候大区.北京:中国标准出版社,1998
周奕华,陈正华.分子标记在植物学中的应用及前景.武汉植物学研究,1999,17(1):75-86