中小型制造企业作业分析数字化技术研究及应用
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摘要
随着现代制造技术的发展和企业间竞争的加剧,中小型制造企业的生存和发展面临着更加严峻的挑战。优化作业分析系统,降低企业生产成本,进而提升企业的核心竞争力,成为中小型制造企业迎接挑战,取得市场竞争中有利地位的途径之一。
本论文以我国中小型制造企业为研究对象,在深入分析中小型制造企业的生产流程和生产管理的基础上,结合我国中小型制造企业的生产现状,指出了生产作业分析过程中存在的问题:生产作业分析技术的实施基本上还处于手工或者凭经验估计的状态;不能进行数据交换和数据共享,没有完备的数据管理体系;作业分析没有标准化;低效率的手工作业分析技术限制了作业分析本身的功能发展,对问题根源深入剖析的基础上,提出了针对我国中小型制造企业的数字化作业分析系统。
本文研究的目的是应用数字技术、计算机技术、信息技术及现代管理技术,为企业采取科学的作业方法和制定可靠的工时定额提供一个辅助决策的技术平台。实现作业分析和标准工时的计算机辅助进行,为企业作业分析研究人员提供可靠的技术支持,降低其工作强度,大大提高工作效率。将作业分析和标准时间的制定既能有机结合,又能独立使用,规范作业方法设计、测定及管理模式,从而提高中小型制造企业作业分析方法和标准时间制定的快速响应能力并提高设计分析质量。同时还引入了遗传算法,是作业分析的作业流程更具有科学性、合理性。
最后,将本论文提出的相关思想在案例企业的应用作了介绍,不但实证了本文提出的相关思路和方法的有效性,而且为中小型制造企业的作业分析系统优化实践提供了实例参考。
Along with the economic globalization, the middle-small sized enterprises are facing with even hard competition now. By optimizing the operation analysis system to minimize the operation cost, the core competence of enterprise can be strengthened effectively. At the same time, the market competition in enterprise increases also.
This thesis concentrates on the middle-small sized manufacturing enterprise in China. After analyzing the production process and the production management, the thesis outlined the production present situation in the middle-small sized manufacturing enterprise. The problems were listed as follow: the production operation analysis technology implementation is also at manual basically or depends on the condition which the experience estimated; Can not carry on the data exchange and data sharing, does not have the complete data management system; The work analysis does not have the standardization; the low efficiency manual work analysis technology limited the work to analyze itself function development.
The aim of this paper is to use digitations technology, computer technology, information technology and management technology to develop a system for the operation method and for formulates the reliable man-hour of fixed quantity. Simultaneously has also introduced the genetic algorithm, the work analysis work flow has the scientific nature, the rationality.
At last, a case study was demonstrated to verify the validity. The achievement of this thesis became abundant soon.
本论文以我国中小型制造企业为研究对象,在深入分析中小型制造企业的生产流程和生产管理的基础上,结合我国中小型制造企业的生产现状,指出了生产作业分析过程中存在的问题:生产作业分析技术的实施基本上还处于手工或者凭经验估计的状态;不能进行数据交换和数据共享,没有完备的数据管理体系;作业分析没有标准化;低效率的手工作业分析技术限制了作业分析本身的功能发展,对问题根源深入剖析的基础上,提出了针对我国中小型制造企业的数字化作业分析系统。
本文研究的目的是应用数字技术、计算机技术、信息技术及现代管理技术,为企业采取科学的作业方法和制定可靠的工时定额提供一个辅助决策的技术平台。实现作业分析和标准工时的计算机辅助进行,为企业作业分析研究人员提供可靠的技术支持,降低其工作强度,大大提高工作效率。将作业分析和标准时间的制定既能有机结合,又能独立使用,规范作业方法设计、测定及管理模式,从而提高中小型制造企业作业分析方法和标准时间制定的快速响应能力并提高设计分析质量。同时还引入了遗传算法,是作业分析的作业流程更具有科学性、合理性。
最后,将本论文提出的相关思想在案例企业的应用作了介绍,不但实证了本文提出的相关思路和方法的有效性,而且为中小型制造企业的作业分析系统优化实践提供了实例参考。
Along with the economic globalization, the middle-small sized enterprises are facing with even hard competition now. By optimizing the operation analysis system to minimize the operation cost, the core competence of enterprise can be strengthened effectively. At the same time, the market competition in enterprise increases also.
This thesis concentrates on the middle-small sized manufacturing enterprise in China. After analyzing the production process and the production management, the thesis outlined the production present situation in the middle-small sized manufacturing enterprise. The problems were listed as follow: the production operation analysis technology implementation is also at manual basically or depends on the condition which the experience estimated; Can not carry on the data exchange and data sharing, does not have the complete data management system; The work analysis does not have the standardization; the low efficiency manual work analysis technology limited the work to analyze itself function development.
The aim of this paper is to use digitations technology, computer technology, information technology and management technology to develop a system for the operation method and for formulates the reliable man-hour of fixed quantity. Simultaneously has also introduced the genetic algorithm, the work analysis work flow has the scientific nature, the rationality.
At last, a case study was demonstrated to verify the validity. The achievement of this thesis became abundant soon.
引文
[1]范中志.基础工业工程(IE).北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[2]张宁,吴爱华.工作研究在国内外的发展与应用状况:(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学,2004.
[3]陈文哲.工作研究.台北:中兴管理顾问公司,1980.
[4]陈乃醒.中国中小企业发展与预测(2002-2003).北京:经济管理出版社,2002.
[5]华勋基.加快中小企业信息化的几个问题.广州城市和企业信息化研讨会文稿,广州,2000:231-236.
[6]齐二石,霍艳芳.中国企业应用工业工程现状.制造技术与机床.2004,04:17-20.
[7]A.J.Deeply.Volume:40 No.Implementation of MTM systems.4YorkStudy.3,1991.
[8]郭伏,李森.作业测定技术应用中的问题研究.工业工程,2003,6(5):57-60.
[9]王恩亮.工业工程师的首选技术-工作研究.中国工程师,1996,04:29-31.
[10]王恩亮.工业工程概论.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1996.
[11]M.E Mundel.动作与时间研究.北京:机械工业出版社,1983.
[12]李春田.工业工程及其应用.北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[13]Wu Aihua,Zhao Xiuxia.Research on the computer aided system operations method and time study.2003 International Conference Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management:Global Industrial Engineering in e-century Shanghai,R R.China Aug,2003:6-8.
[14][日]千住镇雄.作业研究.北京:北京科技出版社,1986.
[15]Feng Shan,Huang Jingping&Cen Ling.A Simulation-based decision support system for manufacturing enterprise.Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,1999,10(2):1-8.
[16]Kang,Hee Won,Kim,Jong Woo,Park,Sung Joo.Integrated modeling framework for manufacturing systems:A unified representation of the physical process and information system.International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems,1998,10(3):231-265.
[17]宁军明.中小企业信息化存在的问题及对策.广州城市和企业信息化研讨会文稿,广州,2000:23-26.
[18]M.Powers ET.Al.Computer information systems development:Analysis and Design,South-Western Publ.Co.,1984.
[19]Ronland G.Askin Modeling and analysis of manufacturing System,1999.
[20]郭伏,李森.作业测定技术应用中的问题研究.工业工程,2003,6(5):57-61.
[21]刘素芹.中小型企业信息化建设的几点看法.电子与信息化,2001,4(7):31-35.
[22]新华网.我国企业信息化发展现状及趋势分析.新华网.200l-11-26.
[23]李晖.中小企业信息化“三维”透视.中国计算机网.2002.
[24]宋金明.2003年制造业信息化需求趋势分析.科技日报.2003-4-2.
[25]国研网.管理信息化与制造业企业的竞争力.http://www.oke.com..cn.2005-5-12.
[26]国家经贸委经济信息中心全国企业信息化建设现状和“十五”规划情况调查报告.中国汽车工业信息网.2002-02-24.
[27]易树平,郭伏.基础工业工程.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[28]邓林,陈友玲.基础工业工程.重庆大学讲义,1995.
[29]G Salvendy.Handbook of Industrial Engineering.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,2001.
[30]Ralph M Barnes.Motion and time study:design and measurement of work.Jhon Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1990.
[31]Benjamin Niebel,Andris Freivalds.Methods standards and work design.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[32]Benjamin Niebel,Andris Freivalds.Methods standards and work design.Mc Graw Hill,1999.
[33]温艳,周立民,吴爱华.制造业信息化与工业工程.科学与管理,2004,4(3):33-35.
[34]Turnerel J.Dubrin,Fundanmentals of organizational behavior,Pergamon Press Inc,1978.
[35]Currie R M.C.B.E.Work Study.Fourth edition.The English Language Book Society and Pitman Van Nickerk W P.Productivity and work study,1982.
[36]G Salvendy.Handbook of Industrial Engineering.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,2007.
[37]Salvendv.U.Handbook of industrial Engineering.John Wiley and Sons Inc,1982.
[38]崔敏.零件分类编码系统信息浅析.五邑大学学报,1997,11(3):3-7.
[39]李文娟.面向制造的服装工艺信息数字化定义研究:(硕士学位论文)上海:东华大学,2004.
[40]Josef.制造企业的产品数据管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[41]M.Powers ET.Al.Computer information systems development:analysis and design.south-western Publ.Co.,1984.
[42]A.J.Deeply.Volume:40 No.Implementation of MTM systems.WorkStudy.Volum:40 No.3,1991.
[43]Anna Baine.Work measurement the basic principles revisited.Work Study.Volume:44 No.7,1995.
[44]李敏强,寇纪松,林丹,李书全.遗传算法的基本理论与应用.科学出版社,2002.
[45]王凌,郑大钟.基于遗传算法的Job Shop调度研究发展.控制与决策,2001,16(s):641-646.
[46]王凌.车间调度及其遗传算法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[47]Aarts E H L,Van Laarhoven P J M.Statistical cooling:a general approach to combinatorial optimization problem.Philips Journal of Research,1985,40:193-226.
[48]Adamms J,Balas E,Zawack D.The shifting bottleneck procedure for.job-shop scheduling.Management Science,1988,34(5):391-411.
[49]Applegate D,Cook W.A computational study of the job-shop scheduling problem.ORSA method.Annals of Statististics,1991,24:6-9.
[50]刘民,吴澄,蒋新松.用遗传算法解决并行多机调度问题.系统工程理论与实践,1998,18(1):14-18.
[51]纪树新,钱积新,孙优贤.车间作业调度遗传算法中的编码研究.信息与控制,1997,26(5):154-164.
[52]席裕庚,柴天佑.遗传算法综述.控制理论与应用,1996,13(6):697-718.
[53]潘正军,康立山.演化算法.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[54]钱晓龙,唐立新.动态调度的研究方法综述.控制与决策,2001,16(2):141-145.
[55]刘勇,康立山.非数值并行算法-遗传算法.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[56]孟庆春.基因算法及其应用.济南:山东大学出版社,1995.
[57]冷向君.Visual Basic 6.0入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[58]刘韬,骆娟.Visual Basic 6.0实效编程百例.北京:人民邮政出版社,2005.
[59]赛圭春.Visual Basic 6.0工程应用与项目实践.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[60]JefRaskin.人本界面-交互式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[2]张宁,吴爱华.工作研究在国内外的发展与应用状况:(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学,2004.
[3]陈文哲.工作研究.台北:中兴管理顾问公司,1980.
[4]陈乃醒.中国中小企业发展与预测(2002-2003).北京:经济管理出版社,2002.
[5]华勋基.加快中小企业信息化的几个问题.广州城市和企业信息化研讨会文稿,广州,2000:231-236.
[6]齐二石,霍艳芳.中国企业应用工业工程现状.制造技术与机床.2004,04:17-20.
[7]A.J.Deeply.Volume:40 No.Implementation of MTM systems.4YorkStudy.3,1991.
[8]郭伏,李森.作业测定技术应用中的问题研究.工业工程,2003,6(5):57-60.
[9]王恩亮.工业工程师的首选技术-工作研究.中国工程师,1996,04:29-31.
[10]王恩亮.工业工程概论.沈阳:东北大学出版社,1996.
[11]M.E Mundel.动作与时间研究.北京:机械工业出版社,1983.
[12]李春田.工业工程及其应用.北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[13]Wu Aihua,Zhao Xiuxia.Research on the computer aided system operations method and time study.2003 International Conference Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management:Global Industrial Engineering in e-century Shanghai,R R.China Aug,2003:6-8.
[14][日]千住镇雄.作业研究.北京:北京科技出版社,1986.
[15]Feng Shan,Huang Jingping&Cen Ling.A Simulation-based decision support system for manufacturing enterprise.Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,1999,10(2):1-8.
[16]Kang,Hee Won,Kim,Jong Woo,Park,Sung Joo.Integrated modeling framework for manufacturing systems:A unified representation of the physical process and information system.International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems,1998,10(3):231-265.
[17]宁军明.中小企业信息化存在的问题及对策.广州城市和企业信息化研讨会文稿,广州,2000:23-26.
[18]M.Powers ET.Al.Computer information systems development:Analysis and Design,South-Western Publ.Co.,1984.
[19]Ronland G.Askin Modeling and analysis of manufacturing System,1999.
[20]郭伏,李森.作业测定技术应用中的问题研究.工业工程,2003,6(5):57-61.
[21]刘素芹.中小型企业信息化建设的几点看法.电子与信息化,2001,4(7):31-35.
[22]新华网.我国企业信息化发展现状及趋势分析.新华网.200l-11-26.
[23]李晖.中小企业信息化“三维”透视.中国计算机网.2002.
[24]宋金明.2003年制造业信息化需求趋势分析.科技日报.2003-4-2.
[25]国研网.管理信息化与制造业企业的竞争力.http://www.oke.com..cn.2005-5-12.
[26]国家经贸委经济信息中心全国企业信息化建设现状和“十五”规划情况调查报告.中国汽车工业信息网.2002-02-24.
[27]易树平,郭伏.基础工业工程.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[28]邓林,陈友玲.基础工业工程.重庆大学讲义,1995.
[29]G Salvendy.Handbook of Industrial Engineering.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,2001.
[30]Ralph M Barnes.Motion and time study:design and measurement of work.Jhon Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1990.
[31]Benjamin Niebel,Andris Freivalds.Methods standards and work design.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[32]Benjamin Niebel,Andris Freivalds.Methods standards and work design.Mc Graw Hill,1999.
[33]温艳,周立民,吴爱华.制造业信息化与工业工程.科学与管理,2004,4(3):33-35.
[34]Turnerel J.Dubrin,Fundanmentals of organizational behavior,Pergamon Press Inc,1978.
[35]Currie R M.C.B.E.Work Study.Fourth edition.The English Language Book Society and Pitman Van Nickerk W P.Productivity and work study,1982.
[36]G Salvendy.Handbook of Industrial Engineering.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,2007.
[37]Salvendv.U.Handbook of industrial Engineering.John Wiley and Sons Inc,1982.
[38]崔敏.零件分类编码系统信息浅析.五邑大学学报,1997,11(3):3-7.
[39]李文娟.面向制造的服装工艺信息数字化定义研究:(硕士学位论文)上海:东华大学,2004.
[40]Josef.制造企业的产品数据管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[41]M.Powers ET.Al.Computer information systems development:analysis and design.south-western Publ.Co.,1984.
[42]A.J.Deeply.Volume:40 No.Implementation of MTM systems.WorkStudy.Volum:40 No.3,1991.
[43]Anna Baine.Work measurement the basic principles revisited.Work Study.Volume:44 No.7,1995.
[44]李敏强,寇纪松,林丹,李书全.遗传算法的基本理论与应用.科学出版社,2002.
[45]王凌,郑大钟.基于遗传算法的Job Shop调度研究发展.控制与决策,2001,16(s):641-646.
[46]王凌.车间调度及其遗传算法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[47]Aarts E H L,Van Laarhoven P J M.Statistical cooling:a general approach to combinatorial optimization problem.Philips Journal of Research,1985,40:193-226.
[48]Adamms J,Balas E,Zawack D.The shifting bottleneck procedure for.job-shop scheduling.Management Science,1988,34(5):391-411.
[49]Applegate D,Cook W.A computational study of the job-shop scheduling problem.ORSA method.Annals of Statististics,1991,24:6-9.
[50]刘民,吴澄,蒋新松.用遗传算法解决并行多机调度问题.系统工程理论与实践,1998,18(1):14-18.
[51]纪树新,钱积新,孙优贤.车间作业调度遗传算法中的编码研究.信息与控制,1997,26(5):154-164.
[52]席裕庚,柴天佑.遗传算法综述.控制理论与应用,1996,13(6):697-718.
[53]潘正军,康立山.演化算法.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[54]钱晓龙,唐立新.动态调度的研究方法综述.控制与决策,2001,16(2):141-145.
[55]刘勇,康立山.非数值并行算法-遗传算法.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[56]孟庆春.基因算法及其应用.济南:山东大学出版社,1995.
[57]冷向君.Visual Basic 6.0入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[58]刘韬,骆娟.Visual Basic 6.0实效编程百例.北京:人民邮政出版社,2005.
[59]赛圭春.Visual Basic 6.0工程应用与项目实践.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[60]JefRaskin.人本界面-交互式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.