古龙南地区射孔完井参数优选
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摘要
射孔完井是油气井完井方式中最常用的一种,如果不考虑对射孔参数优选设计,将会导致油气井出砂或产能较低。出砂是油井钻进和开采过程中常遇到的重要问题,防治出砂的花费量也是非常大的,因此出砂防砂研究是十分有价值和意义的。
由于设定生产压差使得井内压力低于地层压力,地层流体经过孔眼流向井内,流体流动引起地层孔隙压力的变化,孔隙压力的变化导致岩石骨架应力的变化,所以对射孔完井孔眼应力的研究需要考虑流固耦合问题。本文结合经典流固耦合理论,在前人大量实验分析和理论研究的基础上,将渗流力学与岩石力学相结合,根据射孔完井孔眼的实际状态,建立适合射孔完井射孔孔眼的出砂研究的数学模型。通过有限元进行离散、求解,得到射孔完井孔眼处的应力状态,同时分析影响射孔完井出砂及产能的各种因素,找出各种射孔参数对油气井出砂及产能的影响规律,为射孔参数的优选提供理论依据。
针对古龙南区块的射孔参数优选,需要首先确定该区块的岩石参数及地应力情况,论文通过室内岩心实验研究了古龙南地区的地质情况,针对这一地区具体情况,结合孔眼周围应力分布及岩石破坏强度判定准则,优选出适合古龙南区块的射孔参数组合。
Perforated completion is one of the most common oil and gas well completion method, if optimal design of perforation parameters does not be considered, sand production or or lower capacity will happen. Sand production is a very important issue, which is also often encountered while drilling or proucting, in addition the cost of prevent and govern sand production is very large, so the study of sand prevention is very valuable and meaning.
Setting producing pressure makes the pressure in well is lower than formation pressure, formation fluid flows in well through perforating bore, the fluid flow causes changes in pore pressure, and pore pressure changes lead to changes in rock frame stress, so study on stress of perforating bore needs to consider fluid-structure interaction. In this paper, sand production theoretical model is established, which is suitable for perforation, using seepage mechanics and rock mechanics, combined with the classical theory of fluid-structure interaction, based on much previous analysis of experiment and study. Through the finite element discretization and solution, the stress state of perforation completion hole is obtained, and the impact of various factors to perforated well sand production and production capacity is analyzed, then finding out the Influence rules, this study can provide a theoretical basis for Optimization of perforation parameters.
For Prior Choice of Perforating Parameter in Gulongnan area, rock parameters and stress conditions should be acquired firstly, in this paper, laboratory core experiments are proceed to study geology of this area. For the specific situation in this region, combined with the stress distribution around perforating hole and the rock failure criteria, make the Prior Choice of Perforating Parameter which is suitable for Gulongnan area.
由于设定生产压差使得井内压力低于地层压力,地层流体经过孔眼流向井内,流体流动引起地层孔隙压力的变化,孔隙压力的变化导致岩石骨架应力的变化,所以对射孔完井孔眼应力的研究需要考虑流固耦合问题。本文结合经典流固耦合理论,在前人大量实验分析和理论研究的基础上,将渗流力学与岩石力学相结合,根据射孔完井孔眼的实际状态,建立适合射孔完井射孔孔眼的出砂研究的数学模型。通过有限元进行离散、求解,得到射孔完井孔眼处的应力状态,同时分析影响射孔完井出砂及产能的各种因素,找出各种射孔参数对油气井出砂及产能的影响规律,为射孔参数的优选提供理论依据。
针对古龙南区块的射孔参数优选,需要首先确定该区块的岩石参数及地应力情况,论文通过室内岩心实验研究了古龙南地区的地质情况,针对这一地区具体情况,结合孔眼周围应力分布及岩石破坏强度判定准则,优选出适合古龙南区块的射孔参数组合。
Perforated completion is one of the most common oil and gas well completion method, if optimal design of perforation parameters does not be considered, sand production or or lower capacity will happen. Sand production is a very important issue, which is also often encountered while drilling or proucting, in addition the cost of prevent and govern sand production is very large, so the study of sand prevention is very valuable and meaning.
Setting producing pressure makes the pressure in well is lower than formation pressure, formation fluid flows in well through perforating bore, the fluid flow causes changes in pore pressure, and pore pressure changes lead to changes in rock frame stress, so study on stress of perforating bore needs to consider fluid-structure interaction. In this paper, sand production theoretical model is established, which is suitable for perforation, using seepage mechanics and rock mechanics, combined with the classical theory of fluid-structure interaction, based on much previous analysis of experiment and study. Through the finite element discretization and solution, the stress state of perforation completion hole is obtained, and the impact of various factors to perforated well sand production and production capacity is analyzed, then finding out the Influence rules, this study can provide a theoretical basis for Optimization of perforation parameters.
For Prior Choice of Perforating Parameter in Gulongnan area, rock parameters and stress conditions should be acquired firstly, in this paper, laboratory core experiments are proceed to study geology of this area. For the specific situation in this region, combined with the stress distribution around perforating hole and the rock failure criteria, make the Prior Choice of Perforating Parameter which is suitable for Gulongnan area.
引文
[1]陈涛平,胡靖邦.石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2000: 439-445.
[2]蒋官澄.孤东油田出砂状况模拟及治理对策研究[D].中国海洋大学. 2005,6.
[3]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:石油大学出版社, 2003: 333-336.
[4] J.S.Weingarten et al. Prediction of Sand Production in Gas Well: Methods and Gulf of Mexieo Case Studies[J]. SPE24797,1995.
[5]沈琛,邓金根.胜利油田弱胶结稠油藏岩石破坏准则及出砂预测[J].断块油气田. 2001, 8(2): 19-22.
[6] A.Venkitaraman, L.A. Behrmann. Perforating Requirements for Sand Control [J]. SPE65187-MS. Oct 2000:24-25.
[7]雷征东,安小平,李相方.射孔完井出砂预测新模型及其在射孔优化中的应用[J].油气井测试. 2006, 15(6): 10-13.
[8] Manabu, Takahiro. Field application of multidimensional diagnosis of reservoir rock stability against sanding problem[C]. SPE64470, Oct 2000.
[9] J.M. Cook, R.A. Plumb, A Study of the Physical Mechanisms of Sanding and Application to Sand Production Prediction, SPE28852, October 1994:25-27.
[10]李开泰,黄艾香,黄庆怀.有限元方法及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社. 1984.
[11] Chandrupatla, T.R., Belegundu, A.D.著,曾攀等译.工程中的有限元方法[M]第3版.北京市:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[12]王韵成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法第2版[M]北京:清华大学出.1997.
[13]唐愉拉,潘迎德.有限元方法在射孔完井中的应用[J].石油学报. 1989, 10(3): 48-57.
[14] M.H.Harris. The Effect of Perforating on well Productivity [J]. J.Pet.Tech. Apr 1996: 518-528.
[15] Klotz. J.A., Krueger. R.F., Effect of Perforation Damage on Well Productivity [J]. J. Pet.Tech. SPE4654-PA. Nov 1974, 26(11): 1303-1314.
[16] Hong, K.C. Productivity of Perforated completions in Formation With or Without Damage [J]. J.Pet.Tech. Aug 1975.
[17] Locke. S. An Advanced Method for Predicting the Productivity Ratio of a Perforated Well [J]. J. Pet. Tech. Dec.1981.
[18] Tariq, S.M. Evaluation of Flow Characteristics of Perforations Including Nonlinear Effects with the Finite Element Method [J]. Production Engineering, May, 1987.
[19] Tariq S M, Ichara M J. Performance of Perforated Completions in the Presence of Common Heterogeneities: Anisotropy, Laminations, or Natural Fractures [C]. SPE14320. 1985:317~329.
[20] Todd, B.J., Bradley, D.J. Perforation Geometry and Skin Effects on Well Productivity [J]. SPE15209-MS. May 1986: 18-21.
[21] Ichara, M.J. The Effect of Perforating on the Performance of Shale-Laminated and Crossbedded Formations [J]. SPE16205. March 1987: 8-10.
[22]潘迎德,唐愉拉,冯跃平.射孔完井的产能预测及射孔参数优化设计[J].石油学报. 1991, 12(2): 61-71.
[23]吴远纶.裂缝性油藏射孔完井产能有限元模拟及射孔负压研究[D].西南石油学院. 2004.5.
[24]廖顺知.射孔完井数学模型研究[D].西南石油学院. 1989.4.
[25]姜礼尚,庞之垣.有限元方法及其理论基础[M].北京:人民教育出版社. 1979.
[26]朱九成,郎兆新等.射孔产率比计算模型[J].石油勘探与开发. 1995, 22(5): 65-69.
[27]潘迎德,唐愉拉,冯跃平.使油井产能最高的射孔参数优选[J].西南石油学院学报. 1990, 12(2): 27-36.
[28] Ghalambor, Ali, Hayatdavoudi, Asadoliah, Alcocer, Carlos F. U. Predicting Sand Production in U.S. Gulf Coast Gas Wells Producing Free Water[J]. SPE17147. Dec 1989: 1336-1343.
[29] Morita N, Boyd P A. Typical Sand Production Problems Case Studies and Strategies for Sand Control [C]. SPE 22739, 1991.
[30] Morita N, Whitfill D L, Fedde O P, et al. Parametric study of Sand Production Prediction Analytical Approach[C]. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Dallas, Sep 27-30. SPE16990, 1987.
[31]雷征东,安小平,李相方.射孔完井出砂预测新模型及其在射孔优化中的应用[J].油气井测试. 2006, 15(6): 10-13.
[32]刘小利,夏宏南,欧阳勇,王小建.出砂预测模型综述[J].断块油气田. 2005,12(4):59-61.
[33] P J van den Hoek. A new concept of sand production prediction: Theory and laboratory experiments [C]. SPE36418, Oct 1996.
[34] Mortia N, Fuh G F. Prediction of sand problems of a horizontal well from sand production histories of perforated cased wells[C]. SPE 48975. Sep 1998.
[35]练章华,杨龙等.塑性应变准则在油井出砂预测中的应用[J].西南石油学报. 2003, 25(4): 16-18.
[36] Kiorholt H, Joranson H. Advanced sand prediction in a user friendly wrapping[C]. SPE/ ISRM 47333, July 1998.
[37] Okland D, Plischke B. Perforation stability analysis as a tool for predicting sand production: Application for the brage Field[C]. SPE35552. 1996.
[38]韩军,刘洪涛.差应变分析法在地应力方向研究中的应用[J].石油天然气学报. 2005, 27(2):349-357.
[39]蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].科学出版社. 2002.
[40]荆玲.朝阳沟油田地应力与套管损坏研究[D].大庆石油学院. 2008.
[41]王中.地应力与井壁稳定性关系研究[D].中国地质大学. 2010.
[42]谢定义,姚仰平,党发宁.高等土力学[M].北京市:高等教育出版社, 2008.
[43]徐向荣,范学平.油藏多相流体渗流流—固耦合数学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报. 2002,21(1): 93-97.
[44]董平川,徐小荷,何顺利.流固耦合问题及研究进展[J].地质力学学报. 1999, 5(1): 17-24.
[45]刘晓旭.三场耦合的数学模型研究及有限元解法[D].西南石油学院. 2005.
[46]孙明,李治平.流固耦合渗流数学模型及物性参数模型研究[J].石油天然气学报. 2007,29(6): 115-119.
[47]王正茂.油藏含砂流体渗流机理及流固耦合单井数值模拟研究[D].西南石油学院. 2004.4.
[48]孙明,李天健,戴达山等.低渗透油藏渗流启动压力理论计算方法[J],河南石油. 1999, 10 (4) : 30～31
[49]李培超,孔祥言,卢德唐.饱和多孔介质流固耦合渗流的数学模型[J].水动力学研究与进展. 2003,18(4):419-426.
[50]雷征东.油井出砂机理研究及其在吐玉克油田的应用[M],西南石油学院,硕士学位论文,2003.4,油气田开发
[51]刘建东,沈露禾等.地层出砂及射孔对套管屈曲损坏的影响分析[J].石油机械. 2010,38(5): 30-35.
[52]王金龙,闫相祯,杨秀娟.裸眼完井出砂的有限元数值模拟分析[J].石油矿场机械. 2005: 34(1): 39-41.
[53]伍强,李海涛等.优化射孔孔眼形态和定向控制油井出砂[J].断块油气田. 2008, 15(5): 59-61.
[54]常兆光,王清河,宋岱才等.随机数据处理方法[M].东营:石油大学出版社. 2003: 220-226.
[55]李华,刘满军,陈德春.基于正交试验的水平井射孔参数优化设计[J].海洋石油. 2008, 28(4): 91-95.
[2]蒋官澄.孤东油田出砂状况模拟及治理对策研究[D].中国海洋大学. 2005,6.
[3]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:石油大学出版社, 2003: 333-336.
[4] J.S.Weingarten et al. Prediction of Sand Production in Gas Well: Methods and Gulf of Mexieo Case Studies[J]. SPE24797,1995.
[5]沈琛,邓金根.胜利油田弱胶结稠油藏岩石破坏准则及出砂预测[J].断块油气田. 2001, 8(2): 19-22.
[6] A.Venkitaraman, L.A. Behrmann. Perforating Requirements for Sand Control [J]. SPE65187-MS. Oct 2000:24-25.
[7]雷征东,安小平,李相方.射孔完井出砂预测新模型及其在射孔优化中的应用[J].油气井测试. 2006, 15(6): 10-13.
[8] Manabu, Takahiro. Field application of multidimensional diagnosis of reservoir rock stability against sanding problem[C]. SPE64470, Oct 2000.
[9] J.M. Cook, R.A. Plumb, A Study of the Physical Mechanisms of Sanding and Application to Sand Production Prediction, SPE28852, October 1994:25-27.
[10]李开泰,黄艾香,黄庆怀.有限元方法及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社. 1984.
[11] Chandrupatla, T.R., Belegundu, A.D.著,曾攀等译.工程中的有限元方法[M]第3版.北京市:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[12]王韵成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法第2版[M]北京:清华大学出.1997.
[13]唐愉拉,潘迎德.有限元方法在射孔完井中的应用[J].石油学报. 1989, 10(3): 48-57.
[14] M.H.Harris. The Effect of Perforating on well Productivity [J]. J.Pet.Tech. Apr 1996: 518-528.
[15] Klotz. J.A., Krueger. R.F., Effect of Perforation Damage on Well Productivity [J]. J. Pet.Tech. SPE4654-PA. Nov 1974, 26(11): 1303-1314.
[16] Hong, K.C. Productivity of Perforated completions in Formation With or Without Damage [J]. J.Pet.Tech. Aug 1975.
[17] Locke. S. An Advanced Method for Predicting the Productivity Ratio of a Perforated Well [J]. J. Pet. Tech. Dec.1981.
[18] Tariq, S.M. Evaluation of Flow Characteristics of Perforations Including Nonlinear Effects with the Finite Element Method [J]. Production Engineering, May, 1987.
[19] Tariq S M, Ichara M J. Performance of Perforated Completions in the Presence of Common Heterogeneities: Anisotropy, Laminations, or Natural Fractures [C]. SPE14320. 1985:317~329.
[20] Todd, B.J., Bradley, D.J. Perforation Geometry and Skin Effects on Well Productivity [J]. SPE15209-MS. May 1986: 18-21.
[21] Ichara, M.J. The Effect of Perforating on the Performance of Shale-Laminated and Crossbedded Formations [J]. SPE16205. March 1987: 8-10.
[22]潘迎德,唐愉拉,冯跃平.射孔完井的产能预测及射孔参数优化设计[J].石油学报. 1991, 12(2): 61-71.
[23]吴远纶.裂缝性油藏射孔完井产能有限元模拟及射孔负压研究[D].西南石油学院. 2004.5.
[24]廖顺知.射孔完井数学模型研究[D].西南石油学院. 1989.4.
[25]姜礼尚,庞之垣.有限元方法及其理论基础[M].北京:人民教育出版社. 1979.
[26]朱九成,郎兆新等.射孔产率比计算模型[J].石油勘探与开发. 1995, 22(5): 65-69.
[27]潘迎德,唐愉拉,冯跃平.使油井产能最高的射孔参数优选[J].西南石油学院学报. 1990, 12(2): 27-36.
[28] Ghalambor, Ali, Hayatdavoudi, Asadoliah, Alcocer, Carlos F. U. Predicting Sand Production in U.S. Gulf Coast Gas Wells Producing Free Water[J]. SPE17147. Dec 1989: 1336-1343.
[29] Morita N, Boyd P A. Typical Sand Production Problems Case Studies and Strategies for Sand Control [C]. SPE 22739, 1991.
[30] Morita N, Whitfill D L, Fedde O P, et al. Parametric study of Sand Production Prediction Analytical Approach[C]. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Dallas, Sep 27-30. SPE16990, 1987.
[31]雷征东,安小平,李相方.射孔完井出砂预测新模型及其在射孔优化中的应用[J].油气井测试. 2006, 15(6): 10-13.
[32]刘小利,夏宏南,欧阳勇,王小建.出砂预测模型综述[J].断块油气田. 2005,12(4):59-61.
[33] P J van den Hoek. A new concept of sand production prediction: Theory and laboratory experiments [C]. SPE36418, Oct 1996.
[34] Mortia N, Fuh G F. Prediction of sand problems of a horizontal well from sand production histories of perforated cased wells[C]. SPE 48975. Sep 1998.
[35]练章华,杨龙等.塑性应变准则在油井出砂预测中的应用[J].西南石油学报. 2003, 25(4): 16-18.
[36] Kiorholt H, Joranson H. Advanced sand prediction in a user friendly wrapping[C]. SPE/ ISRM 47333, July 1998.
[37] Okland D, Plischke B. Perforation stability analysis as a tool for predicting sand production: Application for the brage Field[C]. SPE35552. 1996.
[38]韩军,刘洪涛.差应变分析法在地应力方向研究中的应用[J].石油天然气学报. 2005, 27(2):349-357.
[39]蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].科学出版社. 2002.
[40]荆玲.朝阳沟油田地应力与套管损坏研究[D].大庆石油学院. 2008.
[41]王中.地应力与井壁稳定性关系研究[D].中国地质大学. 2010.
[42]谢定义,姚仰平,党发宁.高等土力学[M].北京市:高等教育出版社, 2008.
[43]徐向荣,范学平.油藏多相流体渗流流—固耦合数学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报. 2002,21(1): 93-97.
[44]董平川,徐小荷,何顺利.流固耦合问题及研究进展[J].地质力学学报. 1999, 5(1): 17-24.
[45]刘晓旭.三场耦合的数学模型研究及有限元解法[D].西南石油学院. 2005.
[46]孙明,李治平.流固耦合渗流数学模型及物性参数模型研究[J].石油天然气学报. 2007,29(6): 115-119.
[47]王正茂.油藏含砂流体渗流机理及流固耦合单井数值模拟研究[D].西南石油学院. 2004.4.
[48]孙明,李天健,戴达山等.低渗透油藏渗流启动压力理论计算方法[J],河南石油. 1999, 10 (4) : 30～31
[49]李培超,孔祥言,卢德唐.饱和多孔介质流固耦合渗流的数学模型[J].水动力学研究与进展. 2003,18(4):419-426.
[50]雷征东.油井出砂机理研究及其在吐玉克油田的应用[M],西南石油学院,硕士学位论文,2003.4,油气田开发
[51]刘建东,沈露禾等.地层出砂及射孔对套管屈曲损坏的影响分析[J].石油机械. 2010,38(5): 30-35.
[52]王金龙,闫相祯,杨秀娟.裸眼完井出砂的有限元数值模拟分析[J].石油矿场机械. 2005: 34(1): 39-41.
[53]伍强,李海涛等.优化射孔孔眼形态和定向控制油井出砂[J].断块油气田. 2008, 15(5): 59-61.
[54]常兆光,王清河,宋岱才等.随机数据处理方法[M].东营:石油大学出版社. 2003: 220-226.
[55]李华,刘满军,陈德春.基于正交试验的水平井射孔参数优化设计[J].海洋石油. 2008, 28(4): 91-95.