禾草内生真菌共生体对草坪草及其病原真菌的影响
|
摘要
本研究以我国西北部三种内生真菌带菌率极高的醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)和野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum)为研究对象,进行上述三种禾草内生真菌共生体对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)三种草坪草的化感作用及病原真菌拮抗作用的研究。主要结果如下：
1.通过种子和种苗检测法对13种草地早熟禾、9种多年生黑麦草、11种高羊茅、3种翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)、1种紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)和1种画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)进行检测：种子检测发现,1个草地早熟禾品种、7个多年生黑麦草品种、3个高羊茅品种和1个画眉草品种检测到内生真菌；种子萌发后的幼苗检测,仅发现5个多年生黑麦草品种检测到内生真菌。
2.通过种子萌发法和盆栽实验法对带(E+)与不带内生真菌(E-)的醉马草、披碱草和野大麦草粉对多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和草地早熟禾的化感作用进行研究：种子萌发实验发现,与E-相比,E+醉马草草粉促进多年生黑麦草和高羊茅生长,抑制草地早熟禾生长；E+披碱草草粉促进多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾生长,抑制高羊茅生长；E+野大麦草粉抑制多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾生长,促进高羊茅生长。盆栽实验研究发现,与E-相比,E+醉马草草粉促进高羊茅生长,E+披碱草草粉抑制草地早熟禾生长,E+野大麦草粉促进高羊茅和草地早熟禾生长。
3.采用形态学和分子生物学结合的方法对分离自草地早熟禾、高羊茅和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)的3株真菌分离物进行鉴定：初步将分离自草地早熟禾、高羊茅和狗牙根的3株致病性较高的病原真菌分离物分别鉴定为燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)、微结节菌属(Microdochium sp.)真菌和不等弯孢(Curvularia inaequalis)。
4.通过对带有内生真菌的3种禾草草粉浸提液对细交链孢(Alternaria alternata)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、燕麦镰孢和绿色木霉(Trichodermaviride)生长抑制作用进行研究：披碱草内生真菌显著增强了披碱草草粉浸提液对细交链孢、燕麦镰孢、绿色木霉菌落生长,细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢孢子萌发,燕麦镰孢芽管长度的抑制作用；甘肃内生真菌(Neotyphodium gansuense)显著增强了醉马草草粉浸提液对燕麦镰孢、绿色木霉菌落生长和芽管长度,细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢、燕麦镰孢孢子萌发的抑制作用；野大麦内生真菌显著增强了野大麦草粉浸提液对绿色木霉菌落生长、孢子萌发、芽管长度的抑制作用。
Achnatherum inebrians, Elymus dahuricus and Hordeum brevisubulatum are growing at native grassland in Northwestern China, symbiotic with Neotyphodium endophytes were studied, mainly including the allelopathic effects of endophytes on turfgrasses, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea, antifungal activities of endophyte on pathogenic fungi. The results summarized as followings.
1、There were endophyte infected seed samples in 1 of 13 P. pratensis,7 of 9 L. perenne,3 of 11 F. arundinacea and 1 of 1 Eragrostis pilosa. However, only 5 smples of L. perenne seeding infected by means of germination of the endophyte-infected seeds.
2、The filter paper germination experiment showed that, compred to endophyte-free (E-) grass, the extracts from endophyte-infected (E+) A. inebrians remarkably enhanced the growth of L. perenne and F. arundinacea, inhibited the growth of P. pratensis. The extracts from E+E. dahuricus remarkably enhanced the growth of L. perenne and P. pratensis, inhibited the growth of F. arundinacea. The extracts from E+H. brevisubulatum remarkably inhibite the growth of L. perenne and P. pratensis, enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea.. The potted plant experiment showed that the extracts from E+A. inebrians remarkably enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea. The extracts from E+E. dahuricus of Neotyphodium-infected remarkably enhanced the growth of P. pratensis. The extracts from E+H. brevisubulatum remarkably inhibite the growth of F. arundinacea and P. pratensis.
3、Three fungal isolates from P. pratensis, F. arundinacea and Cynodon dactylon. were studied morphologically and molecularly. These fungal isolates from P. pratensis, F. arundinacea and C. dactylon were identified as Fusarium avenaceum, Microdochium sp. and Curvularia inaequalis, respectively.
4、The experiment indicated that Neotyphodium endophytes could enhance the antifungal activities of Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana, F. avenaceum and Trichoderma viride by E+ A. inebrians, E. dahuricus and H. brevisubulatum. Compared to E- extracts, E+ one of E. dahuricus could remarkably enhanced the inhibition on mycelial growth of A. alternata, F. avenaceum and T. viride, spore germination of A. alternata and B. sorokiniana, length of germ tube of F. avenaceum, respectively. E+ extracts of A. inebrians could remarkably enhanced inhibition on mycelial growth of F. avenaceum and T. viride, spore germination of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana and F. avenaceum, length of germ tube of F. avenaceum and T. viride, respectively. E+ extracts of H. brevisubulatum could remarkably enhanced the inhibition on mycelial growth, spore germination and length of germ tube of T. viride, respectively.
1.通过种子和种苗检测法对13种草地早熟禾、9种多年生黑麦草、11种高羊茅、3种翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)、1种紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)和1种画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)进行检测：种子检测发现,1个草地早熟禾品种、7个多年生黑麦草品种、3个高羊茅品种和1个画眉草品种检测到内生真菌；种子萌发后的幼苗检测,仅发现5个多年生黑麦草品种检测到内生真菌。
2.通过种子萌发法和盆栽实验法对带(E+)与不带内生真菌(E-)的醉马草、披碱草和野大麦草粉对多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和草地早熟禾的化感作用进行研究：种子萌发实验发现,与E-相比,E+醉马草草粉促进多年生黑麦草和高羊茅生长,抑制草地早熟禾生长；E+披碱草草粉促进多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾生长,抑制高羊茅生长；E+野大麦草粉抑制多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾生长,促进高羊茅生长。盆栽实验研究发现,与E-相比,E+醉马草草粉促进高羊茅生长,E+披碱草草粉抑制草地早熟禾生长,E+野大麦草粉促进高羊茅和草地早熟禾生长。
3.采用形态学和分子生物学结合的方法对分离自草地早熟禾、高羊茅和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)的3株真菌分离物进行鉴定：初步将分离自草地早熟禾、高羊茅和狗牙根的3株致病性较高的病原真菌分离物分别鉴定为燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)、微结节菌属(Microdochium sp.)真菌和不等弯孢(Curvularia inaequalis)。
4.通过对带有内生真菌的3种禾草草粉浸提液对细交链孢(Alternaria alternata)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、燕麦镰孢和绿色木霉(Trichodermaviride)生长抑制作用进行研究：披碱草内生真菌显著增强了披碱草草粉浸提液对细交链孢、燕麦镰孢、绿色木霉菌落生长,细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢孢子萌发,燕麦镰孢芽管长度的抑制作用；甘肃内生真菌(Neotyphodium gansuense)显著增强了醉马草草粉浸提液对燕麦镰孢、绿色木霉菌落生长和芽管长度,细交链孢、根腐离蠕孢、燕麦镰孢孢子萌发的抑制作用；野大麦内生真菌显著增强了野大麦草粉浸提液对绿色木霉菌落生长、孢子萌发、芽管长度的抑制作用。
Achnatherum inebrians, Elymus dahuricus and Hordeum brevisubulatum are growing at native grassland in Northwestern China, symbiotic with Neotyphodium endophytes were studied, mainly including the allelopathic effects of endophytes on turfgrasses, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea, antifungal activities of endophyte on pathogenic fungi. The results summarized as followings.
1、There were endophyte infected seed samples in 1 of 13 P. pratensis,7 of 9 L. perenne,3 of 11 F. arundinacea and 1 of 1 Eragrostis pilosa. However, only 5 smples of L. perenne seeding infected by means of germination of the endophyte-infected seeds.
2、The filter paper germination experiment showed that, compred to endophyte-free (E-) grass, the extracts from endophyte-infected (E+) A. inebrians remarkably enhanced the growth of L. perenne and F. arundinacea, inhibited the growth of P. pratensis. The extracts from E+E. dahuricus remarkably enhanced the growth of L. perenne and P. pratensis, inhibited the growth of F. arundinacea. The extracts from E+H. brevisubulatum remarkably inhibite the growth of L. perenne and P. pratensis, enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea.. The potted plant experiment showed that the extracts from E+A. inebrians remarkably enhanced the growth of F. arundinacea. The extracts from E+E. dahuricus of Neotyphodium-infected remarkably enhanced the growth of P. pratensis. The extracts from E+H. brevisubulatum remarkably inhibite the growth of F. arundinacea and P. pratensis.
3、Three fungal isolates from P. pratensis, F. arundinacea and Cynodon dactylon. were studied morphologically and molecularly. These fungal isolates from P. pratensis, F. arundinacea and C. dactylon were identified as Fusarium avenaceum, Microdochium sp. and Curvularia inaequalis, respectively.
4、The experiment indicated that Neotyphodium endophytes could enhance the antifungal activities of Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana, F. avenaceum and Trichoderma viride by E+ A. inebrians, E. dahuricus and H. brevisubulatum. Compared to E- extracts, E+ one of E. dahuricus could remarkably enhanced the inhibition on mycelial growth of A. alternata, F. avenaceum and T. viride, spore germination of A. alternata and B. sorokiniana, length of germ tube of F. avenaceum, respectively. E+ extracts of A. inebrians could remarkably enhanced inhibition on mycelial growth of F. avenaceum and T. viride, spore germination of A. alternata, B. sorokiniana and F. avenaceum, length of germ tube of F. avenaceum and T. viride, respectively. E+ extracts of H. brevisubulatum could remarkably enhanced the inhibition on mycelial growth, spore germination and length of germ tube of T. viride, respectively.
引文
[1]陈志一.草坪栽培管理[M].北京：北京农业出版社,1993.62-64.
[2]柴强,黄高宝.植物化感作用的机理、影响因素及应用潜力[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(3)：509-515.
[3]陈勇,倪汉文.稗草致病菌—尖角突脐孢菌菌株RAPD指纹图谱的分析[J].微生物学报,2003,43(4)：409-416.
[4]陈吉虎,赵永军,高旭彪,刘秀萍.北京地区冷季型草坪草病害调查及防治[J].草业科学,2007,24(12)：103-106.
[5]陈娜.醉马草遗传多样性及内生真菌对其抗寒性影响[D]：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2008.
[6]范青山,肖小年,佘世望.我国抗菌植物资源研究与开发利用[J].自然资源,1995,16：20-24.
[7]方中达主编.植病研究法(第三版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998,179-210.
[8]冯俊涛,石勇强,张兴.56种植物抑菌活性筛选试验[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2001,29(2)：65-66.
[9]郭晓霞,沈益新,李志华.几种豆科牧草地上部水浸提液对稗草种子和幼苗的化感效应[J].草地学报,2006,14(4)：356-359.
[10]缑小媛.内生真菌对醉马草耐盐性影响的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2007.
[11]黄玺,李春杰,南志标,杨松,柴青.醉马草内生真菌对其伴生种硬质早熟禾和针茅生长的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(5)：87-93.
[12]古丽君,徐秉良,梁巧兰,薛应钰.兰州市草坪禾草根腐病的发生及病原菌鉴定[J].草业学报,2009,18(4)：175-180.
[13]韩路,王海珍,曹新川.植物化感作用及其在农业生产中的应用[J].新疆环境保护,2000,22(2)：88-92.
[14]黄京华,曾任森,滕希峰,等.植物化感作用研究动态[J].佛山科学技术学院学报,2001,19(4)：61-65.
[15]郝双红,祝木金,冯俊涛,等.35种菊科植物除草活性初步测定[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(5)：22-26.
[16]何华勤,梁义元,陈露洁,等.低磷营养胁迫下水稻化感抑草潜力的变化特性及其作用机理[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(11)：2070-2074.
[17]孔垂华,植物化感作用研究中应注意的问题[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(3)：332-336.
[18]孔垂华,胡飞.植物化感(相生相克)作用及其应用[M].中国农业出版社,2001.
[19]孔垂华,徐效话,梁文举,等.水稻化感品种根分泌物中非酚酸类化感物质的鉴定与抑草活性[J].生态学报,2004,24(7)：1327-1321.
[20]寇建树,杨文权,冯桂丽,等.不同苜蓿品种根、茎、叶水提液化感作用研究[J].草地学报,2008,16(1)：70-75.
[21]李春杰,南志标,崔嵩,胡玉骄,李东明,李强,李悦,李舟.几种真菌对3种常见冷季型草坪草的致病性测定[J].草业科学,2003,12：75-77.
[22]李翠英.31份苇状羊茅、21份多年生黑麦草内生真菌的检验[J].中国草原学会第五次全 国学术会议论文编市组编,中国草地科学研究与发展战略.北京：中国科学技术出版杜,1991,101-105.
[23]李扬瑞.植物的生化互作现象[J].土壤,1993,25(5)：248-251.
[24]李保军,郑晓红,萨赫都拉,孙穗长.新疆部分禾草的植物内生菌调查[J].中国草地,1996,2：29-32.
[25]李学森,张学洲,顾祥,郑瑛.醉马草有毒物质与其内生真菌的关系[J].草食家畜,1998,4：44-47.
[26]林文雄,何华勤,郭玉春,等.水稻化感作用及其生理生化特性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6)：871-875.
[27]李绍文.生态生物化学[M].北京大学出版社,2001：45-69.
[28]李春杰,高嘉卉,马斌.我国醉马草的几种病害[J].草业科学,2003,20(11)：51-53.
[29]刘明锡,易自力,赵运林,等.草坪病害生物防治研究进展[J].草业学报,2004,13(6)：1-7.
[30]刘晓妹,蒲金基.海南草坪草病害调查初报[J].草业科学,2004,21(6)：73-74.
[31]陆家云.植物病原真菌学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2004：57.
[32]李志华,沈益新.红三叶茎叶对几种牧草种子及幼苗的化感作用[J].中国草地,2005,27(3)：41-48
[33]刘水芳,刘春艳,杨秀荣,王勇,陈增建,张金刚.稻米细菌性条斑点病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(4)：378-381.
[34]李春杰.醉马草-内生真菌共生体生物学与生态学特性的研究[D]：[博士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2005.
[35]李香菊,张米茹,李咏军,等.黄顶菊水提取液对植物种子发芽及胚根伸长的化感作用研究[J].杂草科学,2007,(4)：15-19.
[36]李飞.内生真菌对醉马草抗旱性影响的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2007.
[37]李园园,郝双红,万大伟,厉建燕,孙伟光,孟昭礼.侧柏乙醇提取物21种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(5)：1056,1060.
[38]刘建新,胡浩斌,王鑫.多裂骆驼蓬水浸液对多年生黑麦草的化感作用与生理生化表现[J].草地学报,2008,4(16)：374-379.
[39]孟昭礼,罗兰,1998.人工模拟杀菌剂绿帝对八种病原菌的室内生测[J].莱阳农学院学报,15(3)：159-162.
[40]马瑞君,李刚,朱慧,等.箭叶橐吾水溶物对9种牧草种子化感作用研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(6)：88-93.
[41]钮绪燕,吴文君,刘虎歧,吴国民.虎儿草科植物杀菌活性的初步研究[J].西北农业学报,1996,2(1)：83-86.
[42]南志标.内生真菌对布顿大麦草生长的影响[J].草业科学,1996,13(1)：16-18.
[43]南志标.内生真菌在我国部分国产和引进禾草品种种子中的分布[J].草业学报,1996b,5(2)：1-8.
[44]南志标.内生真菌在我国部分国产和引进品种的幼苗及成株中的分布[J].草业学报,1996c,5(3)：13-17.
[45]南志标,李春杰.禾草-内生真菌共生体在草地农业系统中的作用[J].生态学报,2004,24(3)：605～616.
[46]彭慧,郑岳臣.rDNA ITS序列在鉴定尖端赛多孢子菌中的应用[J].同济医科大学学报,2000,29(1)：26-28.
[47]彭少麟,邵华.化感作用的研究意义及发展前景[J].2001,12(5)：780-786.
[48]彭瑜,胡进耀,苏智先.外来物种红花醡浆草的化感作用研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(5)：90-95.
[49]乔安海,王贇文.禾草内生真菌与草坪草改良[J].青海草业,2004,13(1)：38-40.
[50]齐军山,陈靠山,李美,李长松,李林,李凡.40种杂草的丙酮提取物对3种植物病原菌的研究活性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2008,17(3)：49-52.
[51]任继周.西北草原上几种常见的毒草[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1959,1：9-16.
[52]任安芝,高玉葆,章瑾,张晶.内生真菌感染对黑麦草抗盐性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(6)：1750-1757.
[53]孙文浩,余叔文.相生相克效应极其应用[J].植物生理学通讯,1992,28(2)：81-87.
[54]邵红军,冯俊涛,韩静,李广泽,张兴.32种植物提取物的离体抑菌活性测定[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2003,31(6)：59-62.
[55]税军峰,张玉琳,马永清.白三叶对黑麦草、弯叶画眉草的化感作用初探[J].草业科学,2007,24(1)：48-51..
[56]石仁才,商鸿生,张敬泽.高尔夫果岭上草坪灰斑病病原菌的分离鉴定[J].草业学报,2008,17(1)：52-57.
[57]孙淑琴,孙国庆,刘宝生,刘水芳,杨秀荣.北方冷季型草坪主要病害的快速诊断及综合防控[J].北方园艺,2008,7：238-239.
[58]宋梅玲,李春杰,彭清青,梁莹,南志标.温度和水分胁迫下内生真菌对野大麦种子发芽的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(6)：833-837.
[59]覃柳燕,唐美琼,蒋妮,李林轩,韦范,缪剑华.广豆根根腐病病原鉴定[J].中药材,2010,33(10)：1528-1531.
[60]魏景超.真菌鉴定手册[M].上海：科学技术出版社,1979.
[61]吴文君.植物化学保护实验技术导论.西安：陕西科技出版社.1998,1-333.
[62]吴恭谦,张超,王洪,王学武,伍越宸,王中夏,王林,李贤中,聂厚祥,杨新军,严厚永,葛明君,胡正明,王晓荣,葛敬东.拟原白头翁素A防治小麦赤霉病和水稻白叶枯病研究[J].农药,1999,38(10)：33-35.
[63]王国良,任善于,谢晓鸿.冷季型草坪上致病腐霉菌的研究[J].浙江万里学院学报,1999,(12)：7-10.
[64]王洪凯,张天宇,张猛.应用5.8S rDNA及ITS区序列分析链格孢种级分类[J].菌物系统,2001,20(2)：168-173.
[65]邬彩霞,李志华,沈益新.豆科牧草水浸提液的酚酸物质含量及化感潜力[J].草地学报,2007,15(5)：401-405.
[66]王银华,任安芝,魏宇昆,张欣,谢凤行,林枫,高玉葆.内蒙古中东部草原羽茅内生真菌的分类[J].菌物学报,2008,27(6)：841-851.
[67]吴静,苏学友,师光禄,王有年.地肤子甲醇萃取物杀菌抑菌活性成分的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12)：381-384.
[68]王正凤,李春杰,金文进,南志标.内生真菌对野大麦耐盐性的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(1)：88-92.
[69]王震,杨媚,杨迎青,彭正凯,周而勋.广东省柑橘炭疽病病原菌的形态与分子鉴定[J]. 菌物学报,2010,29(4)：488-493.
[70]谢凤行,任安芝,王银华,林枫,高玉葆.内生真菌对草坪植物病原真菌抑制作用的比较[J].生态学报,2008,28(8)：3913-3920.
[71]徐利剑,周立刚,赵江林,姜微波.植物内生真菌抗菌活性物质的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2008,20：731-740.
[72]徐冉,续荣治,王彩洁,等.用荞麦秸杆粉防除杂草的初步研究[J].植物保护,2002,28(5)：24-26.
[73]习平根,李梅辉,吴仕豪,曹俐,薛硕,姜子德.狗牙根草坪草真菌病害的病原菌鉴定[J].华南农业大学学报,2005,26(2)：31-34.
[74]袁秀英,韩艳洁,姜海燕,张海军.呼和浩特市草坪草病害病原鉴定及其防治[J].中国草地,2004,26(6)：70-72.
[75]杨红超.商丘市区草坪草病虫害调查及防治措施[J].现代园艺,2007,(10)：33-34.
[76]杨敏,朱书生,李健强,倪汉文,张文华.稗草叶枯病病原尖角突脐孢菌的鉴定[J].菌物学报,2008,27(3)：325-334.
[77]袁莉,于磊,王许军,等.不同年限紫花苜蓿的浸提液对棉花的化感作用及其化感物质含量[J].草业科学,2008,12(25)：71-74.
[78]易晓华,王智辉,胡林风,刘晓明,冯俊涛,张兴.除虫菊内生真菌的分离及其发酵产物抑菌活性筛选[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(2)：317-323.
[79]杨菲.扁穗牛鞭草化感作用及其化学成分分析：[硕士学位论文].四川农业大学,2008
[80]于福科,黄新会,马永清.不同生长时期沙打旺不同部位及其植株的化感作用研究[J].草业学报,2008,5(17)：76-83.
[81]张宝深,何素霞.斑唇马先蒿提取物生化相克作用的初步研究[J].生态学报,1981,1(3)：227-234.
[82]张兴,试论无公害农药[J].西北农业大学学报,1995,23(6)：90-95.
[83]周玉峰,唐成斌,韩永芬.贵州市南部地区禾草云斑病发生危害及防治研究[J].草业学报,2001,10(4)：47-55.
[84]曾大兴,戚佩坤,姜子德.弯孢类炭疽菌rDNA ITS区的RFLP分析及分类研究[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(5)：431-436.
[85]张金霞,刘成元,施炯林,等.河西灌区免耕秸秆覆盖对小麦播种及出苗的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,4(41)：31-34.
[86]张金林,庞民好,刘颖超,等.不同杀菌剂对草坪草病原菌毒力的作用测定[J].草业学报,2006,15(1)：58-61.
[87]朱广军,王明道,吴宗伟,等.地黄根区土壤潜在化感物质的GC-MS分析[J].河南科学,2007,25(2)：255-257.
[88]钟声,段新慧,奎嘉祥.紫茎泽兰对16种牧草发芽及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].草业学报,2007,16(6)：81-87.
[89]张兴旭,陈娜,李春杰.禾谷缢管蚜与内生真菌互作对醉马草幼苗的生理影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(3)：239-244.
[90]诸葛媛媛,代光辉,张志远,金素心.地锦提取液防治黄瓜白粉病效果及其抑菌物质的初步研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2008,26(3)：200-203.
[91]张金良,杨玉国,张建华,王德,杨建国,何立月,谷天明.北京市草坪病害诊断技术的研究[J].北京农业,2008,4：16-18.
[92]周舒扬,杨洪一,赵敏,梅丽艳.黑龙江省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病病原鉴定及其产细胞壁降解酶和漆酶活性分析[J].玉米科学,2010,18(5)：126-130.
[93]Anaya, A.L., Mata, R., Rivero-Cruz, F et al. Allelochemical Potential of MetoPium brownei[J]. Journal of Chemical Eeology,1999,25 (1):141-156.
[94]Bacon, C.W., Porter, J.K., Robbins,J.D and Luttrell, E.S. Epichloe typhina from toxic tall fescue[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,1977,34:576-581.
[95]Belesky, D.P., Stringer, W.C and Plattner, R.D. Influence of endophyte and water regime upon tall fescue accessions[J]. Annals of Botany,1989,64:343-349.
[96]Banumathy, G., Xavjer, A. Allelochemicals influence of Catharanthus roseus(L)G.D on growth and water Potential of Zea mays[J]. Comparative Physiology and Eeology,1990,15 (4):165-169.
[97]Booker, F.L, Blum, U.D.O., Fiscus, E.L. Short-term Effects of Ferulic Acid on Ion Uptake and Water Relations in Cucumber Seedlings[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1992,43 (5): 649-655.
[98]Bush, L.P., Fannin, F.F., Siegel, M.R, Dahlman, D.L., Burton, H.R. Chemistry, occurrence and biological effects of saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids associated with endophyte-grass interactions. Agriculture[J]. Ecosystem and Environment,1993,44:81-102.
[99]Bacon, C.W. Abiotic stress tolerances (moisture, nutrients) and photosynthesis in endophyte-infected tall fescue[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,1993,44: 123-142.
[100]BaZiramakenga, R., Simard, R.R., Leroux, G.D. Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on growth, Mineral composition and chlorophyll content of soybean[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20 (11):2821-2833.
[101]Bacon, C.W and White, J.F. Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses. Florida, USA. CRC Press,1994.1-214.
[102]Bacon, C.W. Toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue and renge grasses:Historic perspectives[J]. Journal Animal Science,1995,73:861-870.
[103]Brunner, I., Luster, J., Ochs, M., et al. Phytotoxic effects of the high molecular weight fraction of an aqueous leaf litter extract on barley root development[J]. Plant and Soil,1996, 178(1):83-93.
[104]Brown A E, Sreenivasaprasad S, Timmer L W. Molecular characterization of slow-growing orange and key lime anthracnose strains of Colletotrichum from Citrus as Cacutatum[J]. Phytopathology,1996,86 (4):523-527.
[105]Bacon, C.W, Richardson, M.D and White, J.F. Modification and uses of endophyte-enhanced turfgrass:A role for molecular technology [J]. Crop science,1997,37 (5):1415-1425.
[106]Bush, L.P., Wilkinson, H.H., Schardl, C.L. Bioprotective alkaloids ofgrass-funga endophyte symbioses[J]. Plant Physiology,1997,144:1-7.
[107]Ball, O.J.P., Barker, G.M., Prestidge, R.A., et al. Distribution and accumulation of themycotoxin lolitrem B in Neotyphodium lolii-infected perennial ryegrass[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1997,23(5):1435-1449.
[108]Clay, K. Clavicipitaceous endophytes of grasses:their potential as biocontrol agents[J]. Mycological Research,1989,92:1-12.
[109]Clay, K. The ecology and evolution of endophytes[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,1993,44:39-64.
[110]Christensen, M.J. A concise guide to the taxonomy of Acremonium endophytes, in particular those from Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions.1993, Pp.59-61.
[111]Cruz-Ortega, R., Anaya, A.L., et al. Effects of Allelochemical Stress Produced By Sicyos dePPei on Seedling Root Ultrastructure of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cucurbita ficifolia[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1998,24 (12):2039-2057.
[112]Clay, K and Holah, J. Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional field[J]. Science,1999,285:1742-1744.
[113]Clement, S.L., Elbersona, L.R., Youssef, N.N., Davitt, C.M and Doss, R.P. Incidence and diversity of Neotyphodium fungal endophytes in tall fescue from Morocco, Tunisia, and Sardinia[J]. Crop Science,2001,41:570-576.
[114]Clay, K and Schardl, C. Evolutionary origins and ecological consequences of endophyte symbiosis with grasses [J]. The American Naturalist,2002,160 supplement:99-127.
[115]Conover, R, Michael. Impact of the consumption of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass by meadow voles[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment,2003a,97:199-203.
[116]Conover, R, Michael. Impact of the consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, on reproduction of chickens[J]. Theriogenology,2003b,59:1313-1323.
[117]DeBatista, J.P., Boiton, J.H., Bacon, C.W and Siegel, M.R. Rhizome and herbage production of endophyte-removed tall fescue clones and populations[J]. Agronomy,1990,82:651-654.
[118]Davies, E., Lane, G.A., Latch, G.C.M., Tapper, B.A., Garthwaite, I., Towers, N.R., Fletcher, L. R., Pownall, D. B. Alkaloid concentrations in field-grown synthetic perennial ryegrass endophyte associations[J]. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions. Pp.1993,72-76.
[119]Elmi, A.A and West, C.P. Endophyte infection effects on stomatal conductance, osmotic adjustment and drought recovery of tall fescue[J]. New Phytologist,1995,131:61-67.
[120]Einhellig, F.A. Mechanism of action of allelochemicals in aileloPathy[J]. ACS Symposium Series,1995,582:96-116.
[121]Fletcher, L.R and Harvey, I.C. An association of a Lolium endohpytes with ryegrass staggers[J]. New Zealand Veterinary Journal,1981,29:185-186.
[122]Funk, C.R., White, R.H and Breen, J.P. Inportance of Acremonium endophytes in turfgrass breeding and management [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Enviroment,1993,44:215-232.
[123]Funk, C.R., Belanger, F.C and Murphy, J.A. Role of endophytes in grasses used for turf and soil conservation. In:C W Bacon and J F White, eds. Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grass, Florida, USA, CRC Press,1994,201-208.
[124]Faeth, S.H and Bultman, T.L. Endophytic fungi and interactions among host plants, herbivores and natural enemies. In:Tscharnfre T and Hawkins B A[J]. Multitrophic Level Interactions. Cambridge. UK. Cambridge University Press,2002,89-123.
[125]Faeth, S.H and Sullivan, T.J. Mutualistic asexual endophytes in a native grass are usually parasitic[J]. The American Naturalist,2003,161(2):310-325.
[126]Graham, G.C., Mayser, S.P., Henry, R.J. A simplified method for the preparation of fungal genomic DNA for PCR and RAPD analysis[J]. Biotechniques,1994,16:48-51.
[127]Glenn, A.E., Charles, W.B., Robert, P. et al. Molecular phylogeny of Aeremonium and its taxonomic implications[J]. Mycologia,1996,88 (3):369-383.
[128]Galindo, J., Hernande, Z.A., Dayan, F.E., et al. Dehydrozaluzanin C, a natural sesquiterpenolide, causes rapid Plasma membrane leakage[J]. Phytochemistry.1999,52 (5): 805-813.
[129]Harper, J.R., Balke, N.E. CharacteriZation of the Inhibition of K Absorption in Oat Roots by Salicylic Acid[J]. Plant Physiology,1981,68:1349-1353.
[130]Harbome, J.B. General Procedures and measurement of total Phenolics[J]. Methods in Plant Biochemistry,1989,1:1-28.
[131]Hill, N.S., Belesky, D.P and Stringer, W.C. Competitiveness of tall fescue as influenced by Acremonium coenophialum[J]. Crop Science,1991,31:185-190.
[132]Hill, N.S., Belesky, D.P and Strainger, W.C. Encroachment of endophyte-infected on endophyte-free tall fescue[J]. Annals of Botany,1998,81:483-488.
[133]Hejl, A.M., Einhellig, F.A., Rasmussen, J.A. Effects of juglone on growth, Photosynthesis and respiration[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19 (3):559-568.
[134]Ignazio, C., Linda, M.K. Ribosomal and sequence divergence within internal transcribed spacer 1 of the Sclerotiniaceae[J]. Mycologia,1993,85 (3):415-427.
[135]Joost, R. E. Acremonium in fescue and ryegrass:boon or bane? A review[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1995,73:881-888.
[136]Jose, S., Gillespie, A.R. AlleloPathy in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) alley croPPing.I.Spatio-temPoral variation in soiljuglone in a black walnut--Com(Zea maysL)alley croPPing system in The midwestern USA[J]. Plant and soil,1998,51:199-205.
[137]Jensen, A.M.D and Roulund, N. Occurrence of Neotyphodium endophtyes in permanent grassland with perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) in Denmark[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment,2004,104 (3):419-427.
[138]KoePPe, D.E. Some Reactions of Isolated Corn Mitochondria Influenced by Juglone Physiol[J]. Plant,1972,27:89-94.
[139]Latch, G.C.M., Christensen, M.J and Samuels, G.J. Five endophytes of Lolium and Festuca in New Zealand[J]. Mycotaxon,1985,535-550.
[140]Leather, G.R., Einhellig, F.A. Bioassays in the study of alleloPathy[J]. The Science of AlleloPathy,1986:133-145.
[141]Luu, K.T., Matches, A.G., Nelson, C.J., Peters, E.J., Barner, G.B. Characterization of inhibitory substances of tall fescue on birdsfoot trefoil[J]. Crop Science,1989,29,407-412.
[142]Latch, G.C.M and Christensen, M.J. Ryegrass endophyte, incidence and control[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1982,25:443-448.
[143]Latch, G.C.M., Tapper, B.A. Lolium endophytes-problems and progress[J]. Proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology,1988, Supplement 1:220-223.
[144]Latch, G.C.M. physiological interactions of endophytic fungi and hosts Biotic stress tolerence imparted to grasses by endophytes[J]. Agricuture, Ecosystems and Enviroment, 1993,44:143-156.
[145]Leuchtmann, A., Schardl, C.L and Siegel, M.R. Sexual compatibility and taxonomy of a new species of Epichloe symbiotic with fine fescue grasses[J]. Mycologia,1994,86:802-812.
[146]Lisanework, N., Michelsen, A. Allelopathy in agroforestry systems:the effects of leaf extracts of Cupressus lusitanica and three Eucalyptus spp. on four Ethiopian crops[J]. Agroforestry Systems,1993,21:63-74.
[147]Li, C.J., Gao, J.H., Nan, Z.B. Interactions of Neotyphodium gansuense, Achnatherum inebrians and plant-pathogenic fungi[J]. Mycological Research,2007,111 (10):1220-1227.
[148]Li, C.J., Zhang, X.X., Li, F., Nan, Z.B., Schardl, L. Christopher. Disease and pests resistance of endophyte infected and non-infected drunken horse grass[A]. In:Popay A, Thom ER, eds. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. Dunedin, New Zealand:New Zealand Grassland Association.2007,111-114.
[149]Molish, H.D. Einflusseiner Pflanzeauf dieandere AlleloPathie[M]. Fischer,1937:13-20.
[150]Mandave, N.B. The chemistry of alleloPathy[M]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1985-33.
[151]Merlo, L., Ghisi, R., Rascio, N. Effects of humic substance on carbohydrate metabolism of maize leaves [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1991,71(2):419-425.
[152]Marks, S., Clay, K. Physiological responses of Festuca arundinacea to fungal endophyte infection[J]. New Phytologis,1996,133:727-733.
[153]Malinowski, D.P., Leuchtmann, A., Schmidt, D and Nosberger, J. Symbiosis with Neotyphodium uncinatum endophyte may increase the competitive ability of meadow fescue[J]. Agronomy Journal,1997b,89:833-839.
[154]Miles, C.O., DiMenna, M.E., Jacobs, S.W.L., Garthwaite, I., Lane, G.A., Prestidge, R.A., Marshall, S.L.,Wilkinson, H.H., Schardl, C.L., Ball, O.J.P and Latch, G.C.M. Endophytic fungi in indigenous Australasian grasses associated with toxicity to livestock[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64 (2):601-606.
[155]Malinowski, D.P., Belesky, D.P., Hill, N.S., Baligar, V.C and Fedders, J.M. Influence of phosphorus on the growth and ergot alkaloid content of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) [J]. Plant and Soil,1998, 198:53-61.
[156]Malinowski, D.P., Brauer, D.K., Belesky, D.P. N. eotyhodium coenophialum-endophyte affects root morphology of tall fedcue grown under phosphorus deficiency [J]. Journal of Agronamy and Crop Science,1999,183:53-60.
[157]Malinowski, D.P., Belesky, D.P. Endophyte infection enhances the ability of tall fescue to utilize sparingly available phosphorus [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999,2:835-853.
[158]Malinowski, D.P and Belesky, D.P. Endophyte infection enhances the ability of tall fescue to utilize sparingly available phosphorus[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999a,22:835-853.
[159]Moon, C.D., Scott, B., Schardl, C.L., Christensen, M.J. The evolutionary origins of Epichloe endophytes from annual ryegrasses[J]. Mycologia,2000,92:1103-1118.
[160]Moy, M., Belanger, F., Duncan, R., Freehoff, A., Leary, A., Meyer, W., Sullivan, R and White, J.F. Identification of epiphyllous mycelial nets on leaves of grasses infected by Clavicipitaceous endophytes [J]. Symbiosis,2000,20:91-302.
[161]Malinowski, D.P and Belesky, D.P. Adaptation of endophyte-infected cool-season grasses to environment stresses:Mechanisms of drought and mineral stress tolerance[J]. Crop Science, 2000,40:923-940.
[162]Matthews, J.W and Clay, K. Influence of fungal endophyte infection on plant-soil feedback and community interactions[J]. Ecology,2001,82 (2):500-509.
[163]Moon, C.D., Miles, C.O., Jarlfors, U and Schardl, C.L. The evolutionary origins of three new Neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere[J]. Mycologia,2002,94 (4):694-711.
[164]Malinowski, D.P., Belesky, D.P and Lewis, G.C. Abiotic stresses in endophyte grasses[J]. In: Roberts C A, West C P and Spiers D E ed. Neotyphodium in Cool-season Grasses.2005, 187-199.
[165]Nan, Z.B and Li, C.J. Neotyphodium in native grasses in China and observations on endophyte/host interaction. In:Paul V H and Dapprich P D ed. Proceedings of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium. Soest. Germany,2000,41-50.
[166]Patterson, D.T. Effeets of AlleloPathic Chemicals on Growth and Physiological ResPonses of Soybean(Glycine max)[J]. Weed Seience,1981,29 (1):53-59.
[167]Pederson, G.A. Allelopathic effects of tall fescue on germination and seedling growth of white clover genotypes. Proceedings of the XV International Grassland Congress. Pp.1985. 323-324.
[168]Petroski, R.J., Dornbos, D.L.J., Powell, R.G. Germination and growth inhibition of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by loline alkaloids and synthetic N-acylloline derivatives[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1990,38: 1716-1718.
[169]Petroski, R.J., Powell, R.G and Clay, K. Alkaloids of Stipa robusta (sleepy grass) infected with an Acremonium endophyte[J]. Natural Toxin,1992,1:84-88.
[170]Pandey, D.K., Kauraw, L.P., Bhan, V.M. Inhibitory effect of Parthenium(Parthenium hysteroPhorus L.) resudue on growth of water hyacinth[J]. Chemical Ecology,1993,19 (11): 2651-2662.
[171]Porter, J.K. Chemical constituents of grass endophytes. In:Bacon W C and White J F, Jr. ed. Biotechnology of Fndophytic Fungi of Grasses,1994,103-124.
[172]Quigley, P.E., Thom, E.R., Marshall, S.L., Taylor, M.J., Willoughby, B., Wildermoth, D.D. Influnence of Acremonium lolii infection in perennial ryegrass on germination, emergence, survival, and growth of white clover[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1992, 35,225-234.
[173]Rice, E.L. AlleloPathy(2nd edition)[M]. New York:academic Press,1984:1-50.
[174]Rolston, M.P., Hare, M.D., Moore, K.K., Christensen, M.J. Viability of Lolium endophyte fungus in seed stored at different moisture contents and temperatures [J]. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture.1986,14:297-300.
[175]Ralphs, M.H., Gardner, D.R., Turner, D.L, et al. Predicting toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi):measurement of the variation in alkaloid concentration among plants and among years[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2002,28(11):2327-2341.
[176]Siegel, M.R., Latch, G.C.M and Johnson, M.C. Fungal endophyte of grasses[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology,1987,25:293-315.
[177]Siegel, M.R., Varney, D.R., Johnson, M.C., Nesmith, W.C., Buckner, R.C., Bush, L.P., Burrus, P.B and Hardison, J.R. A Fungal endophyte of tall fescue:Evaluation of control methods[J]. Phytopathology,1984,74:937-941.
[178]Siegel, M.R., Latch, G.C.M., Bush, L.P., Fannin, N.F., Rowan, D.D, Tapper, B.A., Bacon, C.W and Johnson, M.C. Fungal endophyte-infected grasses:alkaloid accumulation and aphid response[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1990,16:3301-3315.
[179]Snell, F.J., Quigley, P.E. Allelopathic effects of endophyte in perennial ryegrass residues on young subterranean clover plants[J]. Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress. Pp.1993.343-344.
[180]Sleper, D.A and West, C.P. Tall Fescue In:Cool-Season Forage Grasse[J]. Agronomy Monograph,1996,34:471-501.
[181]Springer, T.L. Allelopathic effects on germination and seedling growth of clovers by endophyte-free and-infected tall fascue[J]. Crop Science,1996,36,1639-1642.
[182]Schardl, C.L and Phillips, T.D. Protective grass endophytes where are they from and where are they going? [J]. Plant Disease,1997,81(5):430-438.
[183]Sutherland, B.L, Hume, D.E., Tapper, B.A. Allelopathic effects of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass extracts on white clover seedlings[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1999,42:19-26.
[184]Suga, H., Hasegawa, T, Mitsui, H., et al. Phylogenetic analysis of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani based on the rDNA-ITS region[J]. Mycological Research,2000,104 (10):1175-1183.
[185]Tomasz, K., Gabried, F., Agnieszka, P., et al. Development of PCR assay based on ITS2 rDNA polymorphism for the detection and differentiation of Fusarium sporotrichioides[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,2004,239:181-186.
[186]Tian, P., Nan, Z.B., Li, C.J., Spangenberg, G. Effect of the endophyte Neotyphodium lolii on susceptibility and host physiological response of perennial ryegrass to fungal pathogens[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122 (4):593-602.
[187]Vaughan, D., Ord, B. Influence of Phenolic acids on morphological changes in roots of pisum sativum[J]. Journal of science of Food Agriculture,1990,52 (3):289-299.
[188]Victor, M.M., Lawrence, E.P., Janet, L.T. Comparison of the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences of isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans from different pathogenicity group[J]. Current Genetics,1993,23:490-495.
[189]Vinton, M.A., Kathol, E.S., Hopkins, A.A. EndoPhytic fungi in Canada wild rye In natural grass lands[J]. Journal of Range Mnagement,2001,54:390-395.
[190]VyVyan, J.R. Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals [J].Tetrahedron, 2002,58:1631-1646.
[191]Willianms, M.J., Backman, P.A., Clark, E.M. and White, J.F. Seed treatments for control of the tall fescue endophyte Acremonium coenophialum[J].Plant Disease,1984,68:49-52.
[192]White, J.F and Morgan-Jones, G. Endophyte-host associations in forages. VII. Acremonium chisosum, a new species isolated from Stipa eminens in Texas[J]. Mycotaxon,1987a,28: 179-189.
[193]West, C.P., Izekor, E., Robbins, R.T., Gergerich, R and Mahmood, T. Acremonium coenophialum effects on infestations of barley yellow drawft virus and soil-borne nematodes and insects in tall fescue[J]. In:Proceedings of International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Louisinana, USA.1990,196-198.
[194]Welty, R.E., Azevedo, M.D and Cooper, T.M. Influence of Moisture Content, Temperature, and Length of Storage on Seed Germination and Survival of Endophytic Fungi in Seeds of Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass[J]. Ecology and Epidemiology,1987,77 (6):893-900.
[195]Welty, R.E., Barker, R.E and Azevedo, M.D. Reaction of tall fescue infected and noninfected by Acremonium coenophialum to Puccinia graminis subsp. Graminicola[J]. Plant Disease,1991,75 (9):883-886.
[196]White, R.H., Engelke, M.C., Morton, S.J., Johnson, C.J.M., Ruemmele, B.A. Acremonium endophyte effects on tall fescue drought tolerance[J]. Crop Science,1992,32:1392-1396.
[197]West, C.P and Gwinn, K.D. Role of Acremonium in drought, pest and disease tolerances of grasses. In:Hume D E, Latch G C M and Easton H S ed. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions:Plenary Papers. Palmerston North, New Zealand.1993,11-30.
[198]Wink, M. Allelochemical properties or the raison d'etre of alkaloids[J]. The alkaloids. Chemistry and Pharmacology,1993,43:1-118.
[199]White, J.F., Morgan-Jones, G and Morrow, A.C. Taxonomy, life cycle, reproduction and detection of Acremonium endophytes[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,1993,44: 13-37.
[200]Yli Mattila, T., Mach, R.L., Alekhina, LA. et al. Phylogenetic relationship of Fusarium langsethiae to Fusarium poae and Fusarium sporotrichioides as inferred by IGS, ITS, (3-tubulin sequences and UP-PCR hybridization analysis[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology,2004,95 (3):267-285.
[201]Zaurov, D.E., Bonos, S., Murphy, J.A., Richardson, M and Belanger, F.C. Endophyte infection can contribute to aluminum tolerance in fine fescues[J]. Crop Science,2001,41: 1981-1984.
[202]Zabalgogeazcoa, I., Romo, M., Keck, E., Vazquez de Aldana, B.R., Garcfa Ciudad, A and Garcia Criado, B. The infection of Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa by Epichloe festucae[J]. Grass and Forage Science,2006,61:71-76.
[203]Zhang, Y. P., Nan, Z. B. Growth and anti-oxidative systems changes in Elymus dahuricus is affected by Neotyphodium endophyte under contrasting water availability[J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science.2007,193,377-386.
[204]Zhang, X., Ren, A.Z, Ci, H.C., Gao, Y.B. Genetic Diversity and Structure of Neotyphodium Species and Their Host Achnatherum sibiricum in a Natural Grass-Endophyte System[J]. Microbial Ecology,2010,59:744-756.
[2]柴强,黄高宝.植物化感作用的机理、影响因素及应用潜力[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(3)：509-515.
[3]陈勇,倪汉文.稗草致病菌—尖角突脐孢菌菌株RAPD指纹图谱的分析[J].微生物学报,2003,43(4)：409-416.
[4]陈吉虎,赵永军,高旭彪,刘秀萍.北京地区冷季型草坪草病害调查及防治[J].草业科学,2007,24(12)：103-106.
[5]陈娜.醉马草遗传多样性及内生真菌对其抗寒性影响[D]：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2008.
[6]范青山,肖小年,佘世望.我国抗菌植物资源研究与开发利用[J].自然资源,1995,16：20-24.
[7]方中达主编.植病研究法(第三版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,1998,179-210.
[8]冯俊涛,石勇强,张兴.56种植物抑菌活性筛选试验[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2001,29(2)：65-66.
[9]郭晓霞,沈益新,李志华.几种豆科牧草地上部水浸提液对稗草种子和幼苗的化感效应[J].草地学报,2006,14(4)：356-359.
[10]缑小媛.内生真菌对醉马草耐盐性影响的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2007.
[11]黄玺,李春杰,南志标,杨松,柴青.醉马草内生真菌对其伴生种硬质早熟禾和针茅生长的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(5)：87-93.
[12]古丽君,徐秉良,梁巧兰,薛应钰.兰州市草坪禾草根腐病的发生及病原菌鉴定[J].草业学报,2009,18(4)：175-180.
[13]韩路,王海珍,曹新川.植物化感作用及其在农业生产中的应用[J].新疆环境保护,2000,22(2)：88-92.
[14]黄京华,曾任森,滕希峰,等.植物化感作用研究动态[J].佛山科学技术学院学报,2001,19(4)：61-65.
[15]郝双红,祝木金,冯俊涛,等.35种菊科植物除草活性初步测定[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(5)：22-26.
[16]何华勤,梁义元,陈露洁,等.低磷营养胁迫下水稻化感抑草潜力的变化特性及其作用机理[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(11)：2070-2074.
[17]孔垂华,植物化感作用研究中应注意的问题[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(3)：332-336.
[18]孔垂华,胡飞.植物化感(相生相克)作用及其应用[M].中国农业出版社,2001.
[19]孔垂华,徐效话,梁文举,等.水稻化感品种根分泌物中非酚酸类化感物质的鉴定与抑草活性[J].生态学报,2004,24(7)：1327-1321.
[20]寇建树,杨文权,冯桂丽,等.不同苜蓿品种根、茎、叶水提液化感作用研究[J].草地学报,2008,16(1)：70-75.
[21]李春杰,南志标,崔嵩,胡玉骄,李东明,李强,李悦,李舟.几种真菌对3种常见冷季型草坪草的致病性测定[J].草业科学,2003,12：75-77.
[22]李翠英.31份苇状羊茅、21份多年生黑麦草内生真菌的检验[J].中国草原学会第五次全 国学术会议论文编市组编,中国草地科学研究与发展战略.北京：中国科学技术出版杜,1991,101-105.
[23]李扬瑞.植物的生化互作现象[J].土壤,1993,25(5)：248-251.
[24]李保军,郑晓红,萨赫都拉,孙穗长.新疆部分禾草的植物内生菌调查[J].中国草地,1996,2：29-32.
[25]李学森,张学洲,顾祥,郑瑛.醉马草有毒物质与其内生真菌的关系[J].草食家畜,1998,4：44-47.
[26]林文雄,何华勤,郭玉春,等.水稻化感作用及其生理生化特性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6)：871-875.
[27]李绍文.生态生物化学[M].北京大学出版社,2001：45-69.
[28]李春杰,高嘉卉,马斌.我国醉马草的几种病害[J].草业科学,2003,20(11)：51-53.
[29]刘明锡,易自力,赵运林,等.草坪病害生物防治研究进展[J].草业学报,2004,13(6)：1-7.
[30]刘晓妹,蒲金基.海南草坪草病害调查初报[J].草业科学,2004,21(6)：73-74.
[31]陆家云.植物病原真菌学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2004：57.
[32]李志华,沈益新.红三叶茎叶对几种牧草种子及幼苗的化感作用[J].中国草地,2005,27(3)：41-48
[33]刘水芳,刘春艳,杨秀荣,王勇,陈增建,张金刚.稻米细菌性条斑点病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(4)：378-381.
[34]李春杰.醉马草-内生真菌共生体生物学与生态学特性的研究[D]：[博士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2005.
[35]李香菊,张米茹,李咏军,等.黄顶菊水提取液对植物种子发芽及胚根伸长的化感作用研究[J].杂草科学,2007,(4)：15-19.
[36]李飞.内生真菌对醉马草抗旱性影响的研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2007.
[37]李园园,郝双红,万大伟,厉建燕,孙伟光,孟昭礼.侧柏乙醇提取物21种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(5)：1056,1060.
[38]刘建新,胡浩斌,王鑫.多裂骆驼蓬水浸液对多年生黑麦草的化感作用与生理生化表现[J].草地学报,2008,4(16)：374-379.
[39]孟昭礼,罗兰,1998.人工模拟杀菌剂绿帝对八种病原菌的室内生测[J].莱阳农学院学报,15(3)：159-162.
[40]马瑞君,李刚,朱慧,等.箭叶橐吾水溶物对9种牧草种子化感作用研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(6)：88-93.
[41]钮绪燕,吴文君,刘虎歧,吴国民.虎儿草科植物杀菌活性的初步研究[J].西北农业学报,1996,2(1)：83-86.
[42]南志标.内生真菌对布顿大麦草生长的影响[J].草业科学,1996,13(1)：16-18.
[43]南志标.内生真菌在我国部分国产和引进禾草品种种子中的分布[J].草业学报,1996b,5(2)：1-8.
[44]南志标.内生真菌在我国部分国产和引进品种的幼苗及成株中的分布[J].草业学报,1996c,5(3)：13-17.
[45]南志标,李春杰.禾草-内生真菌共生体在草地农业系统中的作用[J].生态学报,2004,24(3)：605～616.
[46]彭慧,郑岳臣.rDNA ITS序列在鉴定尖端赛多孢子菌中的应用[J].同济医科大学学报,2000,29(1)：26-28.
[47]彭少麟,邵华.化感作用的研究意义及发展前景[J].2001,12(5)：780-786.
[48]彭瑜,胡进耀,苏智先.外来物种红花醡浆草的化感作用研究[J].草业学报,2007,16(5)：90-95.
[49]乔安海,王贇文.禾草内生真菌与草坪草改良[J].青海草业,2004,13(1)：38-40.
[50]齐军山,陈靠山,李美,李长松,李林,李凡.40种杂草的丙酮提取物对3种植物病原菌的研究活性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2008,17(3)：49-52.
[51]任继周.西北草原上几种常见的毒草[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1959,1：9-16.
[52]任安芝,高玉葆,章瑾,张晶.内生真菌感染对黑麦草抗盐性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(6)：1750-1757.
[53]孙文浩,余叔文.相生相克效应极其应用[J].植物生理学通讯,1992,28(2)：81-87.
[54]邵红军,冯俊涛,韩静,李广泽,张兴.32种植物提取物的离体抑菌活性测定[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2003,31(6)：59-62.
[55]税军峰,张玉琳,马永清.白三叶对黑麦草、弯叶画眉草的化感作用初探[J].草业科学,2007,24(1)：48-51..
[56]石仁才,商鸿生,张敬泽.高尔夫果岭上草坪灰斑病病原菌的分离鉴定[J].草业学报,2008,17(1)：52-57.
[57]孙淑琴,孙国庆,刘宝生,刘水芳,杨秀荣.北方冷季型草坪主要病害的快速诊断及综合防控[J].北方园艺,2008,7：238-239.
[58]宋梅玲,李春杰,彭清青,梁莹,南志标.温度和水分胁迫下内生真菌对野大麦种子发芽的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(6)：833-837.
[59]覃柳燕,唐美琼,蒋妮,李林轩,韦范,缪剑华.广豆根根腐病病原鉴定[J].中药材,2010,33(10)：1528-1531.
[60]魏景超.真菌鉴定手册[M].上海：科学技术出版社,1979.
[61]吴文君.植物化学保护实验技术导论.西安：陕西科技出版社.1998,1-333.
[62]吴恭谦,张超,王洪,王学武,伍越宸,王中夏,王林,李贤中,聂厚祥,杨新军,严厚永,葛明君,胡正明,王晓荣,葛敬东.拟原白头翁素A防治小麦赤霉病和水稻白叶枯病研究[J].农药,1999,38(10)：33-35.
[63]王国良,任善于,谢晓鸿.冷季型草坪上致病腐霉菌的研究[J].浙江万里学院学报,1999,(12)：7-10.
[64]王洪凯,张天宇,张猛.应用5.8S rDNA及ITS区序列分析链格孢种级分类[J].菌物系统,2001,20(2)：168-173.
[65]邬彩霞,李志华,沈益新.豆科牧草水浸提液的酚酸物质含量及化感潜力[J].草地学报,2007,15(5)：401-405.
[66]王银华,任安芝,魏宇昆,张欣,谢凤行,林枫,高玉葆.内蒙古中东部草原羽茅内生真菌的分类[J].菌物学报,2008,27(6)：841-851.
[67]吴静,苏学友,师光禄,王有年.地肤子甲醇萃取物杀菌抑菌活性成分的初步研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12)：381-384.
[68]王正凤,李春杰,金文进,南志标.内生真菌对野大麦耐盐性的影响[J].草地学报,2009,17(1)：88-92.
[69]王震,杨媚,杨迎青,彭正凯,周而勋.广东省柑橘炭疽病病原菌的形态与分子鉴定[J]. 菌物学报,2010,29(4)：488-493.
[70]谢凤行,任安芝,王银华,林枫,高玉葆.内生真菌对草坪植物病原真菌抑制作用的比较[J].生态学报,2008,28(8)：3913-3920.
[71]徐利剑,周立刚,赵江林,姜微波.植物内生真菌抗菌活性物质的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2008,20：731-740.
[72]徐冉,续荣治,王彩洁,等.用荞麦秸杆粉防除杂草的初步研究[J].植物保护,2002,28(5)：24-26.
[73]习平根,李梅辉,吴仕豪,曹俐,薛硕,姜子德.狗牙根草坪草真菌病害的病原菌鉴定[J].华南农业大学学报,2005,26(2)：31-34.
[74]袁秀英,韩艳洁,姜海燕,张海军.呼和浩特市草坪草病害病原鉴定及其防治[J].中国草地,2004,26(6)：70-72.
[75]杨红超.商丘市区草坪草病虫害调查及防治措施[J].现代园艺,2007,(10)：33-34.
[76]杨敏,朱书生,李健强,倪汉文,张文华.稗草叶枯病病原尖角突脐孢菌的鉴定[J].菌物学报,2008,27(3)：325-334.
[77]袁莉,于磊,王许军,等.不同年限紫花苜蓿的浸提液对棉花的化感作用及其化感物质含量[J].草业科学,2008,12(25)：71-74.
[78]易晓华,王智辉,胡林风,刘晓明,冯俊涛,张兴.除虫菊内生真菌的分离及其发酵产物抑菌活性筛选[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(2)：317-323.
[79]杨菲.扁穗牛鞭草化感作用及其化学成分分析：[硕士学位论文].四川农业大学,2008
[80]于福科,黄新会,马永清.不同生长时期沙打旺不同部位及其植株的化感作用研究[J].草业学报,2008,5(17)：76-83.
[81]张宝深,何素霞.斑唇马先蒿提取物生化相克作用的初步研究[J].生态学报,1981,1(3)：227-234.
[82]张兴,试论无公害农药[J].西北农业大学学报,1995,23(6)：90-95.
[83]周玉峰,唐成斌,韩永芬.贵州市南部地区禾草云斑病发生危害及防治研究[J].草业学报,2001,10(4)：47-55.
[84]曾大兴,戚佩坤,姜子德.弯孢类炭疽菌rDNA ITS区的RFLP分析及分类研究[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(5)：431-436.
[85]张金霞,刘成元,施炯林,等.河西灌区免耕秸秆覆盖对小麦播种及出苗的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,4(41)：31-34.
[86]张金林,庞民好,刘颖超,等.不同杀菌剂对草坪草病原菌毒力的作用测定[J].草业学报,2006,15(1)：58-61.
[87]朱广军,王明道,吴宗伟,等.地黄根区土壤潜在化感物质的GC-MS分析[J].河南科学,2007,25(2)：255-257.
[88]钟声,段新慧,奎嘉祥.紫茎泽兰对16种牧草发芽及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].草业学报,2007,16(6)：81-87.
[89]张兴旭,陈娜,李春杰.禾谷缢管蚜与内生真菌互作对醉马草幼苗的生理影响[J].草地学报,2008,16(3)：239-244.
[90]诸葛媛媛,代光辉,张志远,金素心.地锦提取液防治黄瓜白粉病效果及其抑菌物质的初步研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2008,26(3)：200-203.
[91]张金良,杨玉国,张建华,王德,杨建国,何立月,谷天明.北京市草坪病害诊断技术的研究[J].北京农业,2008,4：16-18.
[92]周舒扬,杨洪一,赵敏,梅丽艳.黑龙江省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病病原鉴定及其产细胞壁降解酶和漆酶活性分析[J].玉米科学,2010,18(5)：126-130.
[93]Anaya, A.L., Mata, R., Rivero-Cruz, F et al. Allelochemical Potential of MetoPium brownei[J]. Journal of Chemical Eeology,1999,25 (1):141-156.
[94]Bacon, C.W., Porter, J.K., Robbins,J.D and Luttrell, E.S. Epichloe typhina from toxic tall fescue[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,1977,34:576-581.
[95]Belesky, D.P., Stringer, W.C and Plattner, R.D. Influence of endophyte and water regime upon tall fescue accessions[J]. Annals of Botany,1989,64:343-349.
[96]Banumathy, G., Xavjer, A. Allelochemicals influence of Catharanthus roseus(L)G.D on growth and water Potential of Zea mays[J]. Comparative Physiology and Eeology,1990,15 (4):165-169.
[97]Booker, F.L, Blum, U.D.O., Fiscus, E.L. Short-term Effects of Ferulic Acid on Ion Uptake and Water Relations in Cucumber Seedlings[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1992,43 (5): 649-655.
[98]Bush, L.P., Fannin, F.F., Siegel, M.R, Dahlman, D.L., Burton, H.R. Chemistry, occurrence and biological effects of saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids associated with endophyte-grass interactions. Agriculture[J]. Ecosystem and Environment,1993,44:81-102.
[99]Bacon, C.W. Abiotic stress tolerances (moisture, nutrients) and photosynthesis in endophyte-infected tall fescue[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,1993,44: 123-142.
[100]BaZiramakenga, R., Simard, R.R., Leroux, G.D. Effects of benzoic and cinnamic acids on growth, Mineral composition and chlorophyll content of soybean[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20 (11):2821-2833.
[101]Bacon, C.W and White, J.F. Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grasses. Florida, USA. CRC Press,1994.1-214.
[102]Bacon, C.W. Toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue and renge grasses:Historic perspectives[J]. Journal Animal Science,1995,73:861-870.
[103]Brunner, I., Luster, J., Ochs, M., et al. Phytotoxic effects of the high molecular weight fraction of an aqueous leaf litter extract on barley root development[J]. Plant and Soil,1996, 178(1):83-93.
[104]Brown A E, Sreenivasaprasad S, Timmer L W. Molecular characterization of slow-growing orange and key lime anthracnose strains of Colletotrichum from Citrus as Cacutatum[J]. Phytopathology,1996,86 (4):523-527.
[105]Bacon, C.W, Richardson, M.D and White, J.F. Modification and uses of endophyte-enhanced turfgrass:A role for molecular technology [J]. Crop science,1997,37 (5):1415-1425.
[106]Bush, L.P., Wilkinson, H.H., Schardl, C.L. Bioprotective alkaloids ofgrass-funga endophyte symbioses[J]. Plant Physiology,1997,144:1-7.
[107]Ball, O.J.P., Barker, G.M., Prestidge, R.A., et al. Distribution and accumulation of themycotoxin lolitrem B in Neotyphodium lolii-infected perennial ryegrass[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1997,23(5):1435-1449.
[108]Clay, K. Clavicipitaceous endophytes of grasses:their potential as biocontrol agents[J]. Mycological Research,1989,92:1-12.
[109]Clay, K. The ecology and evolution of endophytes[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,1993,44:39-64.
[110]Christensen, M.J. A concise guide to the taxonomy of Acremonium endophytes, in particular those from Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions.1993, Pp.59-61.
[111]Cruz-Ortega, R., Anaya, A.L., et al. Effects of Allelochemical Stress Produced By Sicyos dePPei on Seedling Root Ultrastructure of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cucurbita ficifolia[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1998,24 (12):2039-2057.
[112]Clay, K and Holah, J. Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional field[J]. Science,1999,285:1742-1744.
[113]Clement, S.L., Elbersona, L.R., Youssef, N.N., Davitt, C.M and Doss, R.P. Incidence and diversity of Neotyphodium fungal endophytes in tall fescue from Morocco, Tunisia, and Sardinia[J]. Crop Science,2001,41:570-576.
[114]Clay, K and Schardl, C. Evolutionary origins and ecological consequences of endophyte symbiosis with grasses [J]. The American Naturalist,2002,160 supplement:99-127.
[115]Conover, R, Michael. Impact of the consumption of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass by meadow voles[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment,2003a,97:199-203.
[116]Conover, R, Michael. Impact of the consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum, on reproduction of chickens[J]. Theriogenology,2003b,59:1313-1323.
[117]DeBatista, J.P., Boiton, J.H., Bacon, C.W and Siegel, M.R. Rhizome and herbage production of endophyte-removed tall fescue clones and populations[J]. Agronomy,1990,82:651-654.
[118]Davies, E., Lane, G.A., Latch, G.C.M., Tapper, B.A., Garthwaite, I., Towers, N.R., Fletcher, L. R., Pownall, D. B. Alkaloid concentrations in field-grown synthetic perennial ryegrass endophyte associations[J]. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions. Pp.1993,72-76.
[119]Elmi, A.A and West, C.P. Endophyte infection effects on stomatal conductance, osmotic adjustment and drought recovery of tall fescue[J]. New Phytologist,1995,131:61-67.
[120]Einhellig, F.A. Mechanism of action of allelochemicals in aileloPathy[J]. ACS Symposium Series,1995,582:96-116.
[121]Fletcher, L.R and Harvey, I.C. An association of a Lolium endohpytes with ryegrass staggers[J]. New Zealand Veterinary Journal,1981,29:185-186.
[122]Funk, C.R., White, R.H and Breen, J.P. Inportance of Acremonium endophytes in turfgrass breeding and management [J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Enviroment,1993,44:215-232.
[123]Funk, C.R., Belanger, F.C and Murphy, J.A. Role of endophytes in grasses used for turf and soil conservation. In:C W Bacon and J F White, eds. Biotechnology of Endophytic Fungi of Grass, Florida, USA, CRC Press,1994,201-208.
[124]Faeth, S.H and Bultman, T.L. Endophytic fungi and interactions among host plants, herbivores and natural enemies. In:Tscharnfre T and Hawkins B A[J]. Multitrophic Level Interactions. Cambridge. UK. Cambridge University Press,2002,89-123.
[125]Faeth, S.H and Sullivan, T.J. Mutualistic asexual endophytes in a native grass are usually parasitic[J]. The American Naturalist,2003,161(2):310-325.
[126]Graham, G.C., Mayser, S.P., Henry, R.J. A simplified method for the preparation of fungal genomic DNA for PCR and RAPD analysis[J]. Biotechniques,1994,16:48-51.
[127]Glenn, A.E., Charles, W.B., Robert, P. et al. Molecular phylogeny of Aeremonium and its taxonomic implications[J]. Mycologia,1996,88 (3):369-383.
[128]Galindo, J., Hernande, Z.A., Dayan, F.E., et al. Dehydrozaluzanin C, a natural sesquiterpenolide, causes rapid Plasma membrane leakage[J]. Phytochemistry.1999,52 (5): 805-813.
[129]Harper, J.R., Balke, N.E. CharacteriZation of the Inhibition of K Absorption in Oat Roots by Salicylic Acid[J]. Plant Physiology,1981,68:1349-1353.
[130]Harbome, J.B. General Procedures and measurement of total Phenolics[J]. Methods in Plant Biochemistry,1989,1:1-28.
[131]Hill, N.S., Belesky, D.P and Stringer, W.C. Competitiveness of tall fescue as influenced by Acremonium coenophialum[J]. Crop Science,1991,31:185-190.
[132]Hill, N.S., Belesky, D.P and Strainger, W.C. Encroachment of endophyte-infected on endophyte-free tall fescue[J]. Annals of Botany,1998,81:483-488.
[133]Hejl, A.M., Einhellig, F.A., Rasmussen, J.A. Effects of juglone on growth, Photosynthesis and respiration[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19 (3):559-568.
[134]Ignazio, C., Linda, M.K. Ribosomal and sequence divergence within internal transcribed spacer 1 of the Sclerotiniaceae[J]. Mycologia,1993,85 (3):415-427.
[135]Joost, R. E. Acremonium in fescue and ryegrass:boon or bane? A review[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1995,73:881-888.
[136]Jose, S., Gillespie, A.R. AlleloPathy in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) alley croPPing.I.Spatio-temPoral variation in soiljuglone in a black walnut--Com(Zea maysL)alley croPPing system in The midwestern USA[J]. Plant and soil,1998,51:199-205.
[137]Jensen, A.M.D and Roulund, N. Occurrence of Neotyphodium endophtyes in permanent grassland with perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) in Denmark[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment,2004,104 (3):419-427.
[138]KoePPe, D.E. Some Reactions of Isolated Corn Mitochondria Influenced by Juglone Physiol[J]. Plant,1972,27:89-94.
[139]Latch, G.C.M., Christensen, M.J and Samuels, G.J. Five endophytes of Lolium and Festuca in New Zealand[J]. Mycotaxon,1985,535-550.
[140]Leather, G.R., Einhellig, F.A. Bioassays in the study of alleloPathy[J]. The Science of AlleloPathy,1986:133-145.
[141]Luu, K.T., Matches, A.G., Nelson, C.J., Peters, E.J., Barner, G.B. Characterization of inhibitory substances of tall fescue on birdsfoot trefoil[J]. Crop Science,1989,29,407-412.
[142]Latch, G.C.M and Christensen, M.J. Ryegrass endophyte, incidence and control[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1982,25:443-448.
[143]Latch, G.C.M., Tapper, B.A. Lolium endophytes-problems and progress[J]. Proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology,1988, Supplement 1:220-223.
[144]Latch, G.C.M. physiological interactions of endophytic fungi and hosts Biotic stress tolerence imparted to grasses by endophytes[J]. Agricuture, Ecosystems and Enviroment, 1993,44:143-156.
[145]Leuchtmann, A., Schardl, C.L and Siegel, M.R. Sexual compatibility and taxonomy of a new species of Epichloe symbiotic with fine fescue grasses[J]. Mycologia,1994,86:802-812.
[146]Lisanework, N., Michelsen, A. Allelopathy in agroforestry systems:the effects of leaf extracts of Cupressus lusitanica and three Eucalyptus spp. on four Ethiopian crops[J]. Agroforestry Systems,1993,21:63-74.
[147]Li, C.J., Gao, J.H., Nan, Z.B. Interactions of Neotyphodium gansuense, Achnatherum inebrians and plant-pathogenic fungi[J]. Mycological Research,2007,111 (10):1220-1227.
[148]Li, C.J., Zhang, X.X., Li, F., Nan, Z.B., Schardl, L. Christopher. Disease and pests resistance of endophyte infected and non-infected drunken horse grass[A]. In:Popay A, Thom ER, eds. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. Dunedin, New Zealand:New Zealand Grassland Association.2007,111-114.
[149]Molish, H.D. Einflusseiner Pflanzeauf dieandere AlleloPathie[M]. Fischer,1937:13-20.
[150]Mandave, N.B. The chemistry of alleloPathy[M]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1985-33.
[151]Merlo, L., Ghisi, R., Rascio, N. Effects of humic substance on carbohydrate metabolism of maize leaves [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1991,71(2):419-425.
[152]Marks, S., Clay, K. Physiological responses of Festuca arundinacea to fungal endophyte infection[J]. New Phytologis,1996,133:727-733.
[153]Malinowski, D.P., Leuchtmann, A., Schmidt, D and Nosberger, J. Symbiosis with Neotyphodium uncinatum endophyte may increase the competitive ability of meadow fescue[J]. Agronomy Journal,1997b,89:833-839.
[154]Miles, C.O., DiMenna, M.E., Jacobs, S.W.L., Garthwaite, I., Lane, G.A., Prestidge, R.A., Marshall, S.L.,Wilkinson, H.H., Schardl, C.L., Ball, O.J.P and Latch, G.C.M. Endophytic fungi in indigenous Australasian grasses associated with toxicity to livestock[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64 (2):601-606.
[155]Malinowski, D.P., Belesky, D.P., Hill, N.S., Baligar, V.C and Fedders, J.M. Influence of phosphorus on the growth and ergot alkaloid content of Neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) [J]. Plant and Soil,1998, 198:53-61.
[156]Malinowski, D.P., Brauer, D.K., Belesky, D.P. N. eotyhodium coenophialum-endophyte affects root morphology of tall fedcue grown under phosphorus deficiency [J]. Journal of Agronamy and Crop Science,1999,183:53-60.
[157]Malinowski, D.P., Belesky, D.P. Endophyte infection enhances the ability of tall fescue to utilize sparingly available phosphorus [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999,2:835-853.
[158]Malinowski, D.P and Belesky, D.P. Endophyte infection enhances the ability of tall fescue to utilize sparingly available phosphorus[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1999a,22:835-853.
[159]Moon, C.D., Scott, B., Schardl, C.L., Christensen, M.J. The evolutionary origins of Epichloe endophytes from annual ryegrasses[J]. Mycologia,2000,92:1103-1118.
[160]Moy, M., Belanger, F., Duncan, R., Freehoff, A., Leary, A., Meyer, W., Sullivan, R and White, J.F. Identification of epiphyllous mycelial nets on leaves of grasses infected by Clavicipitaceous endophytes [J]. Symbiosis,2000,20:91-302.
[161]Malinowski, D.P and Belesky, D.P. Adaptation of endophyte-infected cool-season grasses to environment stresses:Mechanisms of drought and mineral stress tolerance[J]. Crop Science, 2000,40:923-940.
[162]Matthews, J.W and Clay, K. Influence of fungal endophyte infection on plant-soil feedback and community interactions[J]. Ecology,2001,82 (2):500-509.
[163]Moon, C.D., Miles, C.O., Jarlfors, U and Schardl, C.L. The evolutionary origins of three new Neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere[J]. Mycologia,2002,94 (4):694-711.
[164]Malinowski, D.P., Belesky, D.P and Lewis, G.C. Abiotic stresses in endophyte grasses[J]. In: Roberts C A, West C P and Spiers D E ed. Neotyphodium in Cool-season Grasses.2005, 187-199.
[165]Nan, Z.B and Li, C.J. Neotyphodium in native grasses in China and observations on endophyte/host interaction. In:Paul V H and Dapprich P D ed. Proceedings of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium. Soest. Germany,2000,41-50.
[166]Patterson, D.T. Effeets of AlleloPathic Chemicals on Growth and Physiological ResPonses of Soybean(Glycine max)[J]. Weed Seience,1981,29 (1):53-59.
[167]Pederson, G.A. Allelopathic effects of tall fescue on germination and seedling growth of white clover genotypes. Proceedings of the XV International Grassland Congress. Pp.1985. 323-324.
[168]Petroski, R.J., Dornbos, D.L.J., Powell, R.G. Germination and growth inhibition of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by loline alkaloids and synthetic N-acylloline derivatives[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1990,38: 1716-1718.
[169]Petroski, R.J., Powell, R.G and Clay, K. Alkaloids of Stipa robusta (sleepy grass) infected with an Acremonium endophyte[J]. Natural Toxin,1992,1:84-88.
[170]Pandey, D.K., Kauraw, L.P., Bhan, V.M. Inhibitory effect of Parthenium(Parthenium hysteroPhorus L.) resudue on growth of water hyacinth[J]. Chemical Ecology,1993,19 (11): 2651-2662.
[171]Porter, J.K. Chemical constituents of grass endophytes. In:Bacon W C and White J F, Jr. ed. Biotechnology of Fndophytic Fungi of Grasses,1994,103-124.
[172]Quigley, P.E., Thom, E.R., Marshall, S.L., Taylor, M.J., Willoughby, B., Wildermoth, D.D. Influnence of Acremonium lolii infection in perennial ryegrass on germination, emergence, survival, and growth of white clover[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1992, 35,225-234.
[173]Rice, E.L. AlleloPathy(2nd edition)[M]. New York:academic Press,1984:1-50.
[174]Rolston, M.P., Hare, M.D., Moore, K.K., Christensen, M.J. Viability of Lolium endophyte fungus in seed stored at different moisture contents and temperatures [J]. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture.1986,14:297-300.
[175]Ralphs, M.H., Gardner, D.R., Turner, D.L, et al. Predicting toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi):measurement of the variation in alkaloid concentration among plants and among years[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2002,28(11):2327-2341.
[176]Siegel, M.R., Latch, G.C.M and Johnson, M.C. Fungal endophyte of grasses[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology,1987,25:293-315.
[177]Siegel, M.R., Varney, D.R., Johnson, M.C., Nesmith, W.C., Buckner, R.C., Bush, L.P., Burrus, P.B and Hardison, J.R. A Fungal endophyte of tall fescue:Evaluation of control methods[J]. Phytopathology,1984,74:937-941.
[178]Siegel, M.R., Latch, G.C.M., Bush, L.P., Fannin, N.F., Rowan, D.D, Tapper, B.A., Bacon, C.W and Johnson, M.C. Fungal endophyte-infected grasses:alkaloid accumulation and aphid response[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1990,16:3301-3315.
[179]Snell, F.J., Quigley, P.E. Allelopathic effects of endophyte in perennial ryegrass residues on young subterranean clover plants[J]. Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress. Pp.1993.343-344.
[180]Sleper, D.A and West, C.P. Tall Fescue In:Cool-Season Forage Grasse[J]. Agronomy Monograph,1996,34:471-501.
[181]Springer, T.L. Allelopathic effects on germination and seedling growth of clovers by endophyte-free and-infected tall fascue[J]. Crop Science,1996,36,1639-1642.
[182]Schardl, C.L and Phillips, T.D. Protective grass endophytes where are they from and where are they going? [J]. Plant Disease,1997,81(5):430-438.
[183]Sutherland, B.L, Hume, D.E., Tapper, B.A. Allelopathic effects of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass extracts on white clover seedlings[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1999,42:19-26.
[184]Suga, H., Hasegawa, T, Mitsui, H., et al. Phylogenetic analysis of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani based on the rDNA-ITS region[J]. Mycological Research,2000,104 (10):1175-1183.
[185]Tomasz, K., Gabried, F., Agnieszka, P., et al. Development of PCR assay based on ITS2 rDNA polymorphism for the detection and differentiation of Fusarium sporotrichioides[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,2004,239:181-186.
[186]Tian, P., Nan, Z.B., Li, C.J., Spangenberg, G. Effect of the endophyte Neotyphodium lolii on susceptibility and host physiological response of perennial ryegrass to fungal pathogens[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology,2008,122 (4):593-602.
[187]Vaughan, D., Ord, B. Influence of Phenolic acids on morphological changes in roots of pisum sativum[J]. Journal of science of Food Agriculture,1990,52 (3):289-299.
[188]Victor, M.M., Lawrence, E.P., Janet, L.T. Comparison of the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences of isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans from different pathogenicity group[J]. Current Genetics,1993,23:490-495.
[189]Vinton, M.A., Kathol, E.S., Hopkins, A.A. EndoPhytic fungi in Canada wild rye In natural grass lands[J]. Journal of Range Mnagement,2001,54:390-395.
[190]VyVyan, J.R. Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals [J].Tetrahedron, 2002,58:1631-1646.
[191]Willianms, M.J., Backman, P.A., Clark, E.M. and White, J.F. Seed treatments for control of the tall fescue endophyte Acremonium coenophialum[J].Plant Disease,1984,68:49-52.
[192]White, J.F and Morgan-Jones, G. Endophyte-host associations in forages. VII. Acremonium chisosum, a new species isolated from Stipa eminens in Texas[J]. Mycotaxon,1987a,28: 179-189.
[193]West, C.P., Izekor, E., Robbins, R.T., Gergerich, R and Mahmood, T. Acremonium coenophialum effects on infestations of barley yellow drawft virus and soil-borne nematodes and insects in tall fescue[J]. In:Proceedings of International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Louisinana, USA.1990,196-198.
[194]Welty, R.E., Azevedo, M.D and Cooper, T.M. Influence of Moisture Content, Temperature, and Length of Storage on Seed Germination and Survival of Endophytic Fungi in Seeds of Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass[J]. Ecology and Epidemiology,1987,77 (6):893-900.
[195]Welty, R.E., Barker, R.E and Azevedo, M.D. Reaction of tall fescue infected and noninfected by Acremonium coenophialum to Puccinia graminis subsp. Graminicola[J]. Plant Disease,1991,75 (9):883-886.
[196]White, R.H., Engelke, M.C., Morton, S.J., Johnson, C.J.M., Ruemmele, B.A. Acremonium endophyte effects on tall fescue drought tolerance[J]. Crop Science,1992,32:1392-1396.
[197]West, C.P and Gwinn, K.D. Role of Acremonium in drought, pest and disease tolerances of grasses. In:Hume D E, Latch G C M and Easton H S ed. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions:Plenary Papers. Palmerston North, New Zealand.1993,11-30.
[198]Wink, M. Allelochemical properties or the raison d'etre of alkaloids[J]. The alkaloids. Chemistry and Pharmacology,1993,43:1-118.
[199]White, J.F., Morgan-Jones, G and Morrow, A.C. Taxonomy, life cycle, reproduction and detection of Acremonium endophytes[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,1993,44: 13-37.
[200]Yli Mattila, T., Mach, R.L., Alekhina, LA. et al. Phylogenetic relationship of Fusarium langsethiae to Fusarium poae and Fusarium sporotrichioides as inferred by IGS, ITS, (3-tubulin sequences and UP-PCR hybridization analysis[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology,2004,95 (3):267-285.
[201]Zaurov, D.E., Bonos, S., Murphy, J.A., Richardson, M and Belanger, F.C. Endophyte infection can contribute to aluminum tolerance in fine fescues[J]. Crop Science,2001,41: 1981-1984.
[202]Zabalgogeazcoa, I., Romo, M., Keck, E., Vazquez de Aldana, B.R., Garcfa Ciudad, A and Garcia Criado, B. The infection of Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa by Epichloe festucae[J]. Grass and Forage Science,2006,61:71-76.
[203]Zhang, Y. P., Nan, Z. B. Growth and anti-oxidative systems changes in Elymus dahuricus is affected by Neotyphodium endophyte under contrasting water availability[J]. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science.2007,193,377-386.
[204]Zhang, X., Ren, A.Z, Ci, H.C., Gao, Y.B. Genetic Diversity and Structure of Neotyphodium Species and Their Host Achnatherum sibiricum in a Natural Grass-Endophyte System[J]. Microbial Ecology,2010,59:744-756.