冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅种子丸粒化技术研究
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摘要
本研究针对三江源区“黑土滩”治理中的牧草种子萌发与生长困难这一突出问题,结合种子丸粒化技术的研究,选用青海冷地早熟禾和青海中华羊茅种子作为研究对象,研究不同含量的高山草甸土、不同浓度的保水剂对两种牧草丸粒化种子崩解时间、抗压强度和发芽率的影响,以及尿素和磷酸二氢钾的不同添加含量对丸粒化牧草种子的影响,从而确定了能在该地区条件下适合种子萌发与生长,且具有成本低,效益高,操作简便,实用性强等特点的两种牧草种子丸粒化的配方。同时,通过两种牧草种子抗旱试验研究了丸粒化种子的抗旱性和丸粒化种子种植试验研究了两种丸粒化种子播种的最适宜种植方式。结果如下:
1.确定冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅丸粒化种子配方的组成比例为:冷地早熟禾丸粒种子配方中高山草甸土的含量为45%,红土的含量为22.5%,栗钙土的含量为22.5%,保水剂的浓度为0.5%,肥料的含量为0.675%,其他成分为固定比例组成;中华羊茅丸粒种子配方中高山草甸土含量定为49.5%,红土的含量为20.25%和栗钙土的含量为20.25%含量,保水剂的浓度为0.5%,肥料的含量为0.675%,其他成分为固定比例组成。
2.抗旱试验中,经三种试验的冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅的相对生长率、叶片脯氨酸含量和叶片相对含水量指标判定,三种试验的冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅种子幼苗抗旱性顺序均为:加有保水剂的丸粒种子>裸种子>未加保水剂的丸粒种子。
3.同一海拔下不同的种植方式对丸粒种子的出苗数、出苗率有显著影响,出苗数、出苗率最高的为耕翻种植的丸粒种子,其次为轻耙方式种植的,再次为对照组(常规方式播种的裸种子),最后为直接撒播的丸粒种子。不同的种植方式对冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅的株高、根长、叶片数、分蘖、苗鲜重、苗干重等均无影响。
4.不同海拔种植地区,海拔越低,种子出苗、生长越好。耕翻方式种植的丸粒种子出苗数、出苗率高与对照组、轻耙和撒播方式种植的,在西宁和同德地区耕翻和轻耙方式种植的丸粒种子出苗数、出苗率比对照组好,而在果洛地区三种种植方式的丸粒种子其出苗、生长情况均高于对照组,并且种植于滩地的种子生长情况均比坡地好。冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅种子经丸粒化处理后,通过轻耙、耕翻方式种植后其出苗率均高于对照组。
本研究表明,冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅丸粒化种子在三江源区“黑土滩”恢复治理中较裸种子具有显著的种植效果。在三江源区“黑土滩”恢复治理时大面积种植应采用轻耙方式种植丸粒种子。
According to grass seed germination and growth of“Black beach soil”degraded grassland governance in the region of the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers and the pelleting seed technology research, the paper was studied on Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai Selected as an objective to study the effects of different content of shrub meadow soil, different concentrations of super absorbent product (SAP) on disintegrating time, the compressive strength and germination rate of two grass pelleting seed as well as the effects adding the fertilizers’content on grass pelleting seed, and the formulas of two grass pelleting seeds were determined, which could be suitable for seed germination and growth, and had a low cost, high efficiency, simple operation, better application, and other characteristics. At the same time, the two grass pelleting seeds were studied by the drought resistance experiment, and the most appropriate planting ways of two pelleting seeds were studied by cultivation experiment. The results were as follows:
1. The composition ratios of the formulas of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed were determined:the content of shrub meadow soil was 45%, the content of clay soil and chestnut soil were 22.5%, and the concentration of super absorbent product (SAP) was 0.5%, the content of fertilizer was 0.675%, other ingredients for a fixed ratio in Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed. In Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed, the content of shrub meadow soil was 49.5%, the content of clay soil and chestnut soil were 20.25%, and the concentration of super absorbent product (SAP) was 0.5%, the content of fertilizer was 0.675%, other ingredients for a fixed ratio.
2. In the drought experiment, considering the indicators of plant relative growth rate, praline content in leaves and relative water contents of leaves of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai in three tests, by which the order of seeds drought resistance of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai in three tests were determined that the addition of SAP pelleting seed>bare seed>without SAP pelleting seeds respectively.
3. The same altitudes and different planting ways which had significant effects on the germination emergence few and germination rate of pelleting seed (P<0.05), and the highest was the pelleting seed by plow cultivated, light harrow as followed, the control group (the nude seeds sowed by conventional way) as followed, and the last was pelleting seed by directly sowed. And different planting way had no effect on plant height, root length, number of leaves and tillers, fresh and dry weight of seedlings, root dry and fresh weight.
4. Growing at different altitudes regions, the lower the altitude, the better seed germination and growth were. The germination emergence few and germination rate of pelleting seed by plow cultivated, light harrow and directly sowed than that of the control group, and the germination emergence few and germination rate of pelleting seed planted in Xining and in Tongde by plow cultivated and light harrow were better than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the germination emergence few and growth of pelleting seeds planted in Guoluo area by three plow ways were better, and the seed growth planted in the beach was better than that of planted in the slope. After pelleted handling of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca Sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai seed, the germination rate of pelleting seed by light harrow, plow cultivation ways were higher than that of the control group.
This study showed that Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed had significant cultivation effects compared with the bare seed in the restoration of governance“Black beach soil”of in the region of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers. And it was proposed that the pelleting seed should be planted by light harrow way in the restoration of governance“Black beach soil”of in the region of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers.
1.确定冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅丸粒化种子配方的组成比例为:冷地早熟禾丸粒种子配方中高山草甸土的含量为45%,红土的含量为22.5%,栗钙土的含量为22.5%,保水剂的浓度为0.5%,肥料的含量为0.675%,其他成分为固定比例组成;中华羊茅丸粒种子配方中高山草甸土含量定为49.5%,红土的含量为20.25%和栗钙土的含量为20.25%含量,保水剂的浓度为0.5%,肥料的含量为0.675%,其他成分为固定比例组成。
2.抗旱试验中,经三种试验的冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅的相对生长率、叶片脯氨酸含量和叶片相对含水量指标判定,三种试验的冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅种子幼苗抗旱性顺序均为:加有保水剂的丸粒种子>裸种子>未加保水剂的丸粒种子。
3.同一海拔下不同的种植方式对丸粒种子的出苗数、出苗率有显著影响,出苗数、出苗率最高的为耕翻种植的丸粒种子,其次为轻耙方式种植的,再次为对照组(常规方式播种的裸种子),最后为直接撒播的丸粒种子。不同的种植方式对冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅的株高、根长、叶片数、分蘖、苗鲜重、苗干重等均无影响。
4.不同海拔种植地区,海拔越低,种子出苗、生长越好。耕翻方式种植的丸粒种子出苗数、出苗率高与对照组、轻耙和撒播方式种植的,在西宁和同德地区耕翻和轻耙方式种植的丸粒种子出苗数、出苗率比对照组好,而在果洛地区三种种植方式的丸粒种子其出苗、生长情况均高于对照组,并且种植于滩地的种子生长情况均比坡地好。冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅种子经丸粒化处理后,通过轻耙、耕翻方式种植后其出苗率均高于对照组。
本研究表明,冷地早熟禾和中华羊茅丸粒化种子在三江源区“黑土滩”恢复治理中较裸种子具有显著的种植效果。在三江源区“黑土滩”恢复治理时大面积种植应采用轻耙方式种植丸粒种子。
According to grass seed germination and growth of“Black beach soil”degraded grassland governance in the region of the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers and the pelleting seed technology research, the paper was studied on Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai Selected as an objective to study the effects of different content of shrub meadow soil, different concentrations of super absorbent product (SAP) on disintegrating time, the compressive strength and germination rate of two grass pelleting seed as well as the effects adding the fertilizers’content on grass pelleting seed, and the formulas of two grass pelleting seeds were determined, which could be suitable for seed germination and growth, and had a low cost, high efficiency, simple operation, better application, and other characteristics. At the same time, the two grass pelleting seeds were studied by the drought resistance experiment, and the most appropriate planting ways of two pelleting seeds were studied by cultivation experiment. The results were as follows:
1. The composition ratios of the formulas of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed were determined:the content of shrub meadow soil was 45%, the content of clay soil and chestnut soil were 22.5%, and the concentration of super absorbent product (SAP) was 0.5%, the content of fertilizer was 0.675%, other ingredients for a fixed ratio in Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed. In Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed, the content of shrub meadow soil was 49.5%, the content of clay soil and chestnut soil were 20.25%, and the concentration of super absorbent product (SAP) was 0.5%, the content of fertilizer was 0.675%, other ingredients for a fixed ratio.
2. In the drought experiment, considering the indicators of plant relative growth rate, praline content in leaves and relative water contents of leaves of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai in three tests, by which the order of seeds drought resistance of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai in three tests were determined that the addition of SAP pelleting seed>bare seed>without SAP pelleting seeds respectively.
3. The same altitudes and different planting ways which had significant effects on the germination emergence few and germination rate of pelleting seed (P<0.05), and the highest was the pelleting seed by plow cultivated, light harrow as followed, the control group (the nude seeds sowed by conventional way) as followed, and the last was pelleting seed by directly sowed. And different planting way had no effect on plant height, root length, number of leaves and tillers, fresh and dry weight of seedlings, root dry and fresh weight.
4. Growing at different altitudes regions, the lower the altitude, the better seed germination and growth were. The germination emergence few and germination rate of pelleting seed by plow cultivated, light harrow and directly sowed than that of the control group, and the germination emergence few and germination rate of pelleting seed planted in Xining and in Tongde by plow cultivated and light harrow were better than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the germination emergence few and growth of pelleting seeds planted in Guoluo area by three plow ways were better, and the seed growth planted in the beach was better than that of planted in the slope. After pelleted handling of Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca Sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai seed, the germination rate of pelleting seed by light harrow, plow cultivation ways were higher than that of the control group.
This study showed that Poa crymophila Keng CV.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis Keng CV.Qinghai pelleting seed had significant cultivation effects compared with the bare seed in the restoration of governance“Black beach soil”of in the region of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers. And it was proposed that the pelleting seed should be planted by light harrow way in the restoration of governance“Black beach soil”of in the region of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers.
引文
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