生物质能源（秸秆）资源可供性评价及实证研究
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摘要
能源开发的可持续性问题和环保问题一直以来困扰着世界经济发展,随着耗竭性资源的日益减少和环保带来的损害越来越大,可持续开发且无污染的新型能源越来越具有举足轻重的作用。众所周知的非耗竭性能源开发方式如风力发电、水力发电、太阳能发电等由于受我国自然条件复杂的特点所限,很难再有再大的发展,而生物能源开发方式秸秆直接燃烧具有很大的发展价值。它环保且能够持续开发,且我国北方地区种植有大量秸秆类作物,丹麦已经发展了大规模的秸秆发电工业,可以提供成熟的秸秆开发技术,因此推广秸秆直接技术发展秸秆发电工业是解决我国能源不足、调整工业结构的一次必要的尝试。盲目的开发会使国家资源浪费,如何确定一定区域内的秸秆资源能否被利用和建立符合当地特殊情况的资源募集方式成为一个值得研究且亟待解决的问题。
本文系统地分析了秸秆资源的利用状况,并通过分析资源价值评价理论和方法,对秸秆资源可供性研究方面存在的问题提出看法,并在此之上提出相应的解决办法,最终以实证数据检验其可靠性。本文为了全面研究秸秆资源可供性问题,拟从两大部分来阐述分析:秸秆资源评价理论综述和秸秆资源评价方法研究。文章的基本结构安排如下:
第一章:秸秆资源评价研究的意义。本章指出本文研究问题提出的背景,综述国内外能源需求和秸秆资源利用的研究状况(对国外研究的综述具有较强的代表性和较广的覆盖面),同时给出本文的研究目的及创新之处,使本文的研究有的放矢、思路明确、方法科学。
第二章:秸秆资源评价研究综述。本章从资源价值观入手,分析秸秆资源价格合理定价,并系统而详细地描述了秸秆资源收购成本的计算方法。本章提供了现阶段秸秆资源研究的主要理论和方法,为第三章解决现行理论和方法之中存在的问题提供铺垫。
第三章:可再生能源资源(秸秆)评价方法。本章针对前一章所总结出的
现行理论与方法之中的缺陷,利用运筹学模型对其进行修改和补充。本章首次采用了地图模型的方式,以实地的基础数据结合运筹学模型提出更相适应的秸秆收购价格和秸秆收购方式。对比之前的秸秆定价和收购方法,此方法能更准确更有效的减少能源开发相关支出。
第四章:秸秆资源评价实证研究。本章通过分析作者本人负责的秸秆资源可供性评估项目得到的相关数据,对第三章提到的方法进行运用,使此方法具有更强的参考价值。
第五章:政策建议。通过实证分析的结果,可以看到利用秸秆资源存在着许多限制,需要政府在能源开发的过程中给予一些建议和帮助。本章针对这些问题,提出一些政策上的建议。
总的来说,本文的贡献主要有:一、搜集了大量国内外相关数据,进行了全面、详尽的能源价值理论综述;二、在深入农户调查的基础上,对现有的可供性调查指标提出异议;三、在国内秸秆价格定价方法尚无定型,秸秆资源收集模式研究尚属空白的基础上,首次提出了以电子地图结合运筹学研究的方式,实现了研究方法上的创新,并实现了秸秆收集模式和秸秆资源定价的捆绑——这是本文最大的创新之处。
Lack of sustainable development and environmental conservation in using energy resources has always hindered economic development of the whole world. For the decreasing and air pollution from using exhaustion resources, searching for another kind of energy with sustainable development and environment conservation play an important role in this society. We all know that some kinds of new energy resources, like aero generate, hydraulic power generate and solar power generate, they all restricted for country’s levity environment and don’t have much space to expands. Burning crop straw to generate electricity is a technology belongs to using biological energy source, its potential was almost not be aware of in our country. It has characters like environmental conservation and sustainable development, the crop with stalks are planted in north of our country, Denmark has already developed the whole industry of burning stalks that can provide technique, all the factors above means creating a industry of burning chalks to generate electricity is necessary chance to solve problems in lack of energy supply and to adjust industrial structure. Aimless exploitation will waste national resource. So, make sure if crop stalks can be used in specifically areas and according to the specific to create more suitable way to collect fund become a crucial question.
This paper systematically described the present situation of using crop stalks, and analysis the theory of resource evaluate and the method to collect resources, then pointed out the problems. Based on the above, the paper proposed corresponding solutions and prove it with practice factor. In older to study comprehensively and scientifically, this paper explained in detail from two aspects: The theory of how to valuate resource and the study of how to collect crop stalks. Article basis structure is as follows:
First Chapter: Introduction. This chapter pointed out researching background and summarized the research situation about energy requirement and crop stalks utilized(The summarization to the foreigner researching were representational and wide), simultaneously, produce the researching goal and innovation.
Second Chapter: Summarization of evaluation on value of resources. This chapter analysis how to make a price of crop stalks from summarize theories of resource evaluate and systematically described the measures to calculate the cost for crop stalks. Also, this chapter offered the major theories and methods we use nowadays so that the analysis in this chapter laid function for the next chapter.
Third Chapter: Method of evaluation on value of renewable resources. This chapter use operational research model to complement the lacuna and first use the map model combine with the native data to produce more appropriate model to calculate the final price and colleting model of crop stalks. Compared with the former method, this could be more efficiency.
Forth Chapter: Empirical study of evaluation on available of resource of crop stalks. This chapter use the method which the third chapter mentioned to analysis the data got from the project I had been mastered, this method was more scientific and made the conclusion more valuable.
Fifth Chapter: Policy suggestions. After empirical study, we can find some problems hinder the development of using crop stalks, it needs government to give a lot of suggestion or policy incline to promote energy development.
Overall, this article’s main contributions include: First, the comprehensive and exhaustive literature summary; Second, demur the index mentioned in the literature; Third, first use the map model combine with the native data to produce more appropriate model to calculate the final price and colleting model of crop stalks, it product innovation in methods and bind the colleting pattern and the way to making a price which achieves the greatest technique innovation of this paper.
本文系统地分析了秸秆资源的利用状况,并通过分析资源价值评价理论和方法,对秸秆资源可供性研究方面存在的问题提出看法,并在此之上提出相应的解决办法,最终以实证数据检验其可靠性。本文为了全面研究秸秆资源可供性问题,拟从两大部分来阐述分析:秸秆资源评价理论综述和秸秆资源评价方法研究。文章的基本结构安排如下:
第一章:秸秆资源评价研究的意义。本章指出本文研究问题提出的背景,综述国内外能源需求和秸秆资源利用的研究状况(对国外研究的综述具有较强的代表性和较广的覆盖面),同时给出本文的研究目的及创新之处,使本文的研究有的放矢、思路明确、方法科学。
第二章:秸秆资源评价研究综述。本章从资源价值观入手,分析秸秆资源价格合理定价,并系统而详细地描述了秸秆资源收购成本的计算方法。本章提供了现阶段秸秆资源研究的主要理论和方法,为第三章解决现行理论和方法之中存在的问题提供铺垫。
第三章:可再生能源资源(秸秆)评价方法。本章针对前一章所总结出的
现行理论与方法之中的缺陷,利用运筹学模型对其进行修改和补充。本章首次采用了地图模型的方式,以实地的基础数据结合运筹学模型提出更相适应的秸秆收购价格和秸秆收购方式。对比之前的秸秆定价和收购方法,此方法能更准确更有效的减少能源开发相关支出。
第四章:秸秆资源评价实证研究。本章通过分析作者本人负责的秸秆资源可供性评估项目得到的相关数据,对第三章提到的方法进行运用,使此方法具有更强的参考价值。
第五章:政策建议。通过实证分析的结果,可以看到利用秸秆资源存在着许多限制,需要政府在能源开发的过程中给予一些建议和帮助。本章针对这些问题,提出一些政策上的建议。
总的来说,本文的贡献主要有:一、搜集了大量国内外相关数据,进行了全面、详尽的能源价值理论综述;二、在深入农户调查的基础上,对现有的可供性调查指标提出异议;三、在国内秸秆价格定价方法尚无定型,秸秆资源收集模式研究尚属空白的基础上,首次提出了以电子地图结合运筹学研究的方式,实现了研究方法上的创新,并实现了秸秆收集模式和秸秆资源定价的捆绑——这是本文最大的创新之处。
Lack of sustainable development and environmental conservation in using energy resources has always hindered economic development of the whole world. For the decreasing and air pollution from using exhaustion resources, searching for another kind of energy with sustainable development and environment conservation play an important role in this society. We all know that some kinds of new energy resources, like aero generate, hydraulic power generate and solar power generate, they all restricted for country’s levity environment and don’t have much space to expands. Burning crop straw to generate electricity is a technology belongs to using biological energy source, its potential was almost not be aware of in our country. It has characters like environmental conservation and sustainable development, the crop with stalks are planted in north of our country, Denmark has already developed the whole industry of burning stalks that can provide technique, all the factors above means creating a industry of burning chalks to generate electricity is necessary chance to solve problems in lack of energy supply and to adjust industrial structure. Aimless exploitation will waste national resource. So, make sure if crop stalks can be used in specifically areas and according to the specific to create more suitable way to collect fund become a crucial question.
This paper systematically described the present situation of using crop stalks, and analysis the theory of resource evaluate and the method to collect resources, then pointed out the problems. Based on the above, the paper proposed corresponding solutions and prove it with practice factor. In older to study comprehensively and scientifically, this paper explained in detail from two aspects: The theory of how to valuate resource and the study of how to collect crop stalks. Article basis structure is as follows:
First Chapter: Introduction. This chapter pointed out researching background and summarized the research situation about energy requirement and crop stalks utilized(The summarization to the foreigner researching were representational and wide), simultaneously, produce the researching goal and innovation.
Second Chapter: Summarization of evaluation on value of resources. This chapter analysis how to make a price of crop stalks from summarize theories of resource evaluate and systematically described the measures to calculate the cost for crop stalks. Also, this chapter offered the major theories and methods we use nowadays so that the analysis in this chapter laid function for the next chapter.
Third Chapter: Method of evaluation on value of renewable resources. This chapter use operational research model to complement the lacuna and first use the map model combine with the native data to produce more appropriate model to calculate the final price and colleting model of crop stalks. Compared with the former method, this could be more efficiency.
Forth Chapter: Empirical study of evaluation on available of resource of crop stalks. This chapter use the method which the third chapter mentioned to analysis the data got from the project I had been mastered, this method was more scientific and made the conclusion more valuable.
Fifth Chapter: Policy suggestions. After empirical study, we can find some problems hinder the development of using crop stalks, it needs government to give a lot of suggestion or policy incline to promote energy development.
Overall, this article’s main contributions include: First, the comprehensive and exhaustive literature summary; Second, demur the index mentioned in the literature; Third, first use the map model combine with the native data to produce more appropriate model to calculate the final price and colleting model of crop stalks, it product innovation in methods and bind the colleting pattern and the way to making a price which achieves the greatest technique innovation of this paper.
引文
4邹海明,农业秸秆资源化利用途径探讨,农业与技术,2005(10):78-85。
5田柏林、白银雷,清洁发展机制(CDM)及其在秸秆发电项目上的应用,水利电力机械,2006(12):38-59。
7方巍,环境价值论,复旦大学博士论文,2004:12～32
8朱沁夫、江延球,论可持续发展前提下的自然资源价值问题,当代经济研究,2002(8):715。
11 2006年第二期《技术经济》《生物质秸秆收集成本研究及实证分析》刘岗郝德海董玉平
12刘岗、郝德海、董玉平,生物质秸秆收集成本研究及实证分析,技术经济,2006(2):85-88.
13贾小黎,秸秆直接燃烧发电供热项目-资源可供调研和相关问题的研究(2),2006(3):7~11。
14陈利明,秸秆发电行业原料储备的一条龙机械作业,水利电力机械.2006,12.P64、69。
[1]张镇翰.大力开发秸秆利用技术促进农村循环经济发展.《农机市场》.2006,7.P26、27
[2]张茜、尚俐君.秸秆发电生态效益可观.《华北电力》.2006.P22、23
[3]陈利明.秸秆发电行业原料储备的一条龙机械作业.《水利电力机械》.2006,12.P64、69
[4]贾小黎.秸秆直接燃烧发电供热项目——资源可供调研和相关问题的研究(2)《.太阳能》. 2006,3.P7、1
[5]贾小黎、丁航.秸秆直接燃烧供热发电项目上网电价初步测算〈.RENEWABLE ENERGY〉. 2006,1.P50、55
[6]贾小黎、李成柱.秸秆直接燃烧供热发电项目资源可供性调研和相关问题的研究(摘要).《太阳能》.2006,1.P11、12
[7]邹海明.农业秸秆资源化利用途径探讨.《农业与技术》.2005,10.P78、85
[8]田柏林、白银雷.清洁发展机制(CDM)及其在秸秆发电项目上的应用.《水利电力机械》. 2006,12.P38、59
[9]刘岗、郝德海、董玉平.生物质秸秆收集成本研究及实证分析.《技术经济》. 2006,2.P85、88
[10]樊京春、王永刚、秦世平.生物质能发电电价的敏感因素分析.《可再生资源》. 2006,2.P49、71
[11]蔡树文.生物质直燃发电与循环经济建设.〈ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION〉. 2006,12.P48、50
[12]冯柏燕、吴林杰、尹相楠、冯百钢.提升秸秆发电产业的自主创新能力.《水利电力机械》. 2006,12.P53、55
[13]王振江、庄会永、肖兵、欧阳华.用于发电的中国生物质能源可用性分析《.华东电力》.2006,6.P83、85
[14]周雷.直燃发电秸秆派上大用场.《循环经济》.2006,1.P19、20
[15]饭京春、王永刚、秦世平.生物质能利用技术的经济性分析.《能源工程》.2003,4.P19、23
[16]朱沁夫、江延球.论可持续发展前提下的自然资源价值问题.《当代经济研究》.2002,8.P715
[17]于渤、叶元煦.中国能源可持续利用评价.《中国能源》.1999,3.P19、22
[18]李京京、任东明、庄幸.可再生能源资源系统评价方法及实例.《资源学报》2002,3.14
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5田柏林、白银雷,清洁发展机制(CDM)及其在秸秆发电项目上的应用,水利电力机械,2006(12):38-59。
7方巍,环境价值论,复旦大学博士论文,2004:12～32
8朱沁夫、江延球,论可持续发展前提下的自然资源价值问题,当代经济研究,2002(8):715。
11 2006年第二期《技术经济》《生物质秸秆收集成本研究及实证分析》刘岗郝德海董玉平
12刘岗、郝德海、董玉平,生物质秸秆收集成本研究及实证分析,技术经济,2006(2):85-88.
13贾小黎,秸秆直接燃烧发电供热项目-资源可供调研和相关问题的研究(2),2006(3):7~11。
14陈利明,秸秆发电行业原料储备的一条龙机械作业,水利电力机械.2006,12.P64、69。
[1]张镇翰.大力开发秸秆利用技术促进农村循环经济发展.《农机市场》.2006,7.P26、27
[2]张茜、尚俐君.秸秆发电生态效益可观.《华北电力》.2006.P22、23
[3]陈利明.秸秆发电行业原料储备的一条龙机械作业.《水利电力机械》.2006,12.P64、69
[4]贾小黎.秸秆直接燃烧发电供热项目——资源可供调研和相关问题的研究(2)《.太阳能》. 2006,3.P7、1
[5]贾小黎、丁航.秸秆直接燃烧供热发电项目上网电价初步测算〈.RENEWABLE ENERGY〉. 2006,1.P50、55
[6]贾小黎、李成柱.秸秆直接燃烧供热发电项目资源可供性调研和相关问题的研究(摘要).《太阳能》.2006,1.P11、12
[7]邹海明.农业秸秆资源化利用途径探讨.《农业与技术》.2005,10.P78、85
[8]田柏林、白银雷.清洁发展机制(CDM)及其在秸秆发电项目上的应用.《水利电力机械》. 2006,12.P38、59
[9]刘岗、郝德海、董玉平.生物质秸秆收集成本研究及实证分析.《技术经济》. 2006,2.P85、88
[10]樊京春、王永刚、秦世平.生物质能发电电价的敏感因素分析.《可再生资源》. 2006,2.P49、71
[11]蔡树文.生物质直燃发电与循环经济建设.〈ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION〉. 2006,12.P48、50
[12]冯柏燕、吴林杰、尹相楠、冯百钢.提升秸秆发电产业的自主创新能力.《水利电力机械》. 2006,12.P53、55
[13]王振江、庄会永、肖兵、欧阳华.用于发电的中国生物质能源可用性分析《.华东电力》.2006,6.P83、85
[14]周雷.直燃发电秸秆派上大用场.《循环经济》.2006,1.P19、20
[15]饭京春、王永刚、秦世平.生物质能利用技术的经济性分析.《能源工程》.2003,4.P19、23
[16]朱沁夫、江延球.论可持续发展前提下的自然资源价值问题.《当代经济研究》.2002,8.P715
[17]于渤、叶元煦.中国能源可持续利用评价.《中国能源》.1999,3.P19、22
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