生物质综合利用CDM项目方法学应用研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展,电力需求增长,因此可再生性强、有利于改善环境和可持续发展的生物质发电项目应运而生。实施清洁发展机制项目可有效回收利用生物质废弃物,减少因堆放和非能源目的燃烧而产生的温室效应,同时带来可观的经济效益和环境效益。生物质发电方法学ACM0006的应用潜力很大,生物质项目将会在方式和数量上不断增加。但该方法学应用过程复杂,致使项目很难注册成功。因此,开展该方法学的应用研究对我国生物质利用清洁发展机制项目具有积极意义。
本文从生物质发电方法学ACM0006入手,对适用条件中的关键要求、基准线选择过程及额外性论证、项目边界与减排量计算、监测计划的制定等关键问题进行了研究,并以山东A市热电联产项目为例说明该方法学的具体应用。主要的研究内容如下:
(1)可再生能源发电项目的方法学ACM0006使用比例占所有方法学使用次数的60%左右。全世界应用此方法学开发的项目超过150个,其中70个为中国项目,说明中国在清洁发展机制项目开发方面发展迅速。
(2)方法学ACM0006在使用过程中要注意:基准线的选择,额外性论证时要将尽可能多的基准线情景尽早排除;额外性论证时的关键数据包括电价,生物质用量,项目运行的时间,秸秆价格等;在进行排放计算时要用生物质干基计算;在不影响减排量的情况下尽量将问题简单化处理。
(3)以山东A市的秸秆资源量可供性调查为例说明了秸秆资源量调查的方法和步骤。调查结果表明,该项目所在地50公里收购半径区域内,秸秆资源可获得量合计为65.1万吨,能够满足秸秆发电厂运行的需要。影响该市秸秆供热发电项目资源可供性的因素较多。未来秸秆到厂价格有上升的趋势,而秸秆资源可获得量有下降的趋势。
(4)以山东A市生物质热电联产项目为例说明方法学ACM0006的具体应用。经过论证与计算,该项目内部收益率低于基准收益率,具有额外性。该项目每年可产生CO2减排量预计为207,565tCO_2e,可变计入期(7年)的总减排量为1,452,955 tCO_2e。基准线排放因子为0.9745 tCO_2/MWh。
In China, with the rapid development of ecnomy, increasing demand of electricity, there are appeard biomass residures power generation which are have good renewable capcity and good for invironment and sustainable development. The implementation of CDM project can be an effective way to recycle biomass residures and brings considerable economic and environmental benefits. Application of biomass power generation methodology ACM0006 potential is huge, utilize biomass project in method and quantity will increase gradually. However application of the methodology ACM0006 process is complex, it is difficult to register project success. Therefore, develop research and application of methodology ACM0006 has positive significance for utilize biomass Clean Development Mechanism project in China.
Beginning with biomass power generation methodology ACM0006, and reseaching important question include important demand in application condition, process of choose baseline and demonstration of additionality, project boundary and calculation of reduce quantity, establish monitoring plan and so on. Finally ShanDong a province co-generation project is taken as an example to explain the specific application of ACM0006. The main research and conclusions are:
(1) Renewable energy power generation projects the methodology ACM0006, using proportion of them account for about 60% of all methodologies. All of the world application of the methodology ACM0006 develop project more than 150, China develop project accounted for 70 of the whole world that proved China is growing fast in develop CDM project.
(2) In the course of using Methodology ACM0006 should pay attention to: Baseline selection,additionality reasoning should exclude the baseline scenario as many as possible early; the key data of additionality reasoning include the price of electricity, bionass consumption, the time that the project operates, price of the straw, etc; when doing emission calculations should use dry biomass calculate. In case of not influencing emission reduction, try hard to make simple of the problem.
(3) Investigate straws resource of a province in ShanDong is taken as an example to explain the method and step of investigate straws resource. The result of straw survey indicates that straw heat power generation project located in the city 50 km radius of the acquisition area, the amount of total resource availability of straw is 651,000 tons. It can satisfy the need of run biomass power generation project. There are many elements can effect on the provision of co-generation project in the city. In future, the price of straw transport to plant will rise, but the quantity of obtain straw resource will drop.
(4) A province in ShanDong co-generation project is taken as an example to explain the specific application of ACM0006. By demonstrate and calculate, the IRR revenue is lower than the benchmark revenue that proves the project has additional. The estimate annual GHG emission reduction is 207,565tCO2e, the total estimated GHG emission reduction over the first crediting period is 1,452,955 tCO_2e. The emission factor of the baseline is 0.9745 tCO_2/MWh.
本文从生物质发电方法学ACM0006入手,对适用条件中的关键要求、基准线选择过程及额外性论证、项目边界与减排量计算、监测计划的制定等关键问题进行了研究,并以山东A市热电联产项目为例说明该方法学的具体应用。主要的研究内容如下:
(1)可再生能源发电项目的方法学ACM0006使用比例占所有方法学使用次数的60%左右。全世界应用此方法学开发的项目超过150个,其中70个为中国项目,说明中国在清洁发展机制项目开发方面发展迅速。
(2)方法学ACM0006在使用过程中要注意:基准线的选择,额外性论证时要将尽可能多的基准线情景尽早排除;额外性论证时的关键数据包括电价,生物质用量,项目运行的时间,秸秆价格等;在进行排放计算时要用生物质干基计算;在不影响减排量的情况下尽量将问题简单化处理。
(3)以山东A市的秸秆资源量可供性调查为例说明了秸秆资源量调查的方法和步骤。调查结果表明,该项目所在地50公里收购半径区域内,秸秆资源可获得量合计为65.1万吨,能够满足秸秆发电厂运行的需要。影响该市秸秆供热发电项目资源可供性的因素较多。未来秸秆到厂价格有上升的趋势,而秸秆资源可获得量有下降的趋势。
(4)以山东A市生物质热电联产项目为例说明方法学ACM0006的具体应用。经过论证与计算,该项目内部收益率低于基准收益率,具有额外性。该项目每年可产生CO2减排量预计为207,565tCO_2e,可变计入期(7年)的总减排量为1,452,955 tCO_2e。基准线排放因子为0.9745 tCO_2/MWh。
In China, with the rapid development of ecnomy, increasing demand of electricity, there are appeard biomass residures power generation which are have good renewable capcity and good for invironment and sustainable development. The implementation of CDM project can be an effective way to recycle biomass residures and brings considerable economic and environmental benefits. Application of biomass power generation methodology ACM0006 potential is huge, utilize biomass project in method and quantity will increase gradually. However application of the methodology ACM0006 process is complex, it is difficult to register project success. Therefore, develop research and application of methodology ACM0006 has positive significance for utilize biomass Clean Development Mechanism project in China.
Beginning with biomass power generation methodology ACM0006, and reseaching important question include important demand in application condition, process of choose baseline and demonstration of additionality, project boundary and calculation of reduce quantity, establish monitoring plan and so on. Finally ShanDong a province co-generation project is taken as an example to explain the specific application of ACM0006. The main research and conclusions are:
(1) Renewable energy power generation projects the methodology ACM0006, using proportion of them account for about 60% of all methodologies. All of the world application of the methodology ACM0006 develop project more than 150, China develop project accounted for 70 of the whole world that proved China is growing fast in develop CDM project.
(2) In the course of using Methodology ACM0006 should pay attention to: Baseline selection,additionality reasoning should exclude the baseline scenario as many as possible early; the key data of additionality reasoning include the price of electricity, bionass consumption, the time that the project operates, price of the straw, etc; when doing emission calculations should use dry biomass calculate. In case of not influencing emission reduction, try hard to make simple of the problem.
(3) Investigate straws resource of a province in ShanDong is taken as an example to explain the method and step of investigate straws resource. The result of straw survey indicates that straw heat power generation project located in the city 50 km radius of the acquisition area, the amount of total resource availability of straw is 651,000 tons. It can satisfy the need of run biomass power generation project. There are many elements can effect on the provision of co-generation project in the city. In future, the price of straw transport to plant will rise, but the quantity of obtain straw resource will drop.
(4) A province in ShanDong co-generation project is taken as an example to explain the specific application of ACM0006. By demonstrate and calculate, the IRR revenue is lower than the benchmark revenue that proves the project has additional. The estimate annual GHG emission reduction is 207,565tCO2e, the total estimated GHG emission reduction over the first crediting period is 1,452,955 tCO_2e. The emission factor of the baseline is 0.9745 tCO_2/MWh.
引文
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[3]岳丽红,陈宝智,王黎.温室气体的环境影响及控制技术的研究现状[J].环境保护,2001,12(5):13-15
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[10]田柏林,白银雷.清洁发展机制(CDM)及其在秸秆发电项目上的应用[J].水利电力机械,2006,28(12):38~41
[11]王伟,赵黛青,刘尚余,骆志刚.清洁发展机制(CDM)与我国生物质能的规模化发展[J].可再生能源,2005,3:70~72
[12]李改莲,王远红,杨继涛.中国生物质能的利用状况及展望[J].河南农业大学学报,2004 38(1):100~104
[13]国家发改委,科技部,外交部.清洁发展机制项目运行管理办法[EB],2005,10:8
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[15] Methodology for improved energy efficiency by modifying ferroalloy production facility (version 01). http://www.unfccc.int
[16] Biogenic methane use as feedstock and fuel for town gas production (version 01).http://www.unfccc.int
[17] Manufacturing of energy efficient domestic refrigerators (version 01). http://www.unfccc.int
[18] Manufacturing and servicing of domestic refrigeration appliances using a low GWP refrigerant (version01).http://www.unfccc.int
[19] Fossil Fuel Displacement by Geothermal Resources for Space Heating (version1.1).http://www.unfccc.int
[20] GHG emission reductions through multi-site manure collection and treatment in a central plant (version01).http://www.unfccc.int
[21] Methodology for new grid connected power plants using permeate gas previously flaredand/or vented (version01).http://www.unfccc.int
[22] Efficient utilization of waste energy in industrial facilities.http://www.unfccc.int
[23] Demand-side activities for efficient lighting technologies.http://www.unfccc.int
[24] Cable Cars for Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS).http://www.unfccc.int
[25] Decrease of coke consumption in blast furnace by installing dust/sludge recycling system in steel works.http://www.unfccc.int
[26] Methane capture and destruction in non-hydrocarbon mining activities.http://www.unfccc. int
[27] Energy Efficiency and HFC-134a Recovery in Residential Refrigerators.http://www.unfccc. int
[28] Methane avoidance through separation of solids from wastewater or manure treatment systems.http://www.unfccc.int
[29] Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality (version05).http://www. unfccc.int
[30] Tehobanoglous,G. , Theisen. H,&Vigil, S. A. Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues. McGraw-Hill.Inc.1993,121~360
[31]吕学都,刘德顺.清洁发展机制在中国[D].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.40-45
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