几种绿色饲料添加剂对生长肥育猪的生产性能、消化机能和猪肉品质的研究
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摘要
本试验采用单因子分组试验设计，将64头初重约为15kg的杜长大三元杂交猪分为1个对照组和3个试验组，每组16头。通过饲养试验、消化试验、屠宰试验，研究了不同的绿色饲料添加剂(中草药A_1、小肽A_2、小肽加微生态制剂A_3)对生长育肥猪的生产性能、消化机能、胴体性状和猪肉品质的影响效果。饲养试验分15～30kg(小猪阶段)、30～60kg(中猪阶段)、60～90kg(大猪阶段)三个不同的生长阶段，并在每一个生长阶段中期进行消化试验。饲养试验结束每组屠宰4头猪(公母各半)，用以测定胴体性状、猪肉品质、猪肉成分等各项指标和药物残留的理化指标。饲养试验结果表明：在不同生长阶段，四个试验组的生长肥育猪头均日增重、头均耗料量、料肉比、腹泻率存在差异(p＜0.05或p＜0.01)。消化试验结果表明：能量消化率在小猪阶段和中猪阶段的差异显著(p＜0.05或p＜0.01)，在大猪阶段能量的消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05)。蛋白质消化率在三个不同生长阶段各试验组间差异显著(p＜0.05或p＜0.01)。在小猪阶段粗纤维消化率对照组与其他各组间的差异极显著(P＜0.01)，在中猪阶段差异各试验组间的差异不显著(P＞0.05)，在大猪阶段对照组除与中草药组的差异不显著(P＞0.05)外，与其他二个试验组的差异显著(p＜0.05)。屠宰试验和检测试验的结果表明：①不同试验饲料对生长肥育猪的胴体瘦肉率影响不显著(P＞0.05)。②不同试验饲料对生长肥育猪的胴体重、眼肌面积、后腿比例、板油重、平均膘厚的影响显著(p＜0.05)，屠宰率、瘦肉率、胴体长、脂肪率的影响不显著(p＞0.05)。③不同试验饲料对生长肥育猪的蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸含量的影响显著(p＜0.05)，对水分的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。④不同试验饲料对生长肥育猪的肉质风味、系水力、大理石纹的影响显著(p＜0.05)，对pH、肉色、熟肉率的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。⑤不同试验饲料对生长肥育猪的理化指标、重金属残留的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。所有猪肉的各项卫生标准、技术要求、理化指标等符合国家无公害食品—猪肉的行业标准。
This study was carried out to determine the effect of three kinds of green feed additives(peptide, Chinese herb and the mixture of peptide and micronbaterical) on growth, digestion and meat quality of growing-finishing pig through feeding trail, digestion trail and analyzed trail. Sixty-four crossbred pigs (Duroc Landrace Yorkshire, 15kg originally) were randomly divided into four groups(group A1, group A2, group A3, group A4),using the designing of different factor. The feeding trail was divided into three growing stages-15-30kg growing stage,30-60kg growing stage,60-90kg growing stage to determine the growth capacity. Digestion trail was conducted during the middle period of each growing stage to determine the digestibility of the different kinds of the nutrient,four pigs of each group were slaughtered at the end of the trail to analyze the carcass characteristics, the meat quality, the component of meat and physical-chemical index of the remains. The results of the test are as follow: (1)growth period,
results have showed that different green feed additives have significant effect(p<0.01 or p<0.05) on daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, radio of feed to gain of growing-finishing pig. The result of group A4 is the best. The diarrhea percentage of group A2 is the minimum among the groups (2)Digestion trail. Significant effect(p<0.05) was observed in the digestibility of protein during the different growing stage. Significant effect(p<0.05) was observed in the digestibility of energy during the 15-30kg and 30-60kg growing stage, no significant effect(p<0.05) during the 60-90kg growing stage. Extremely significant effect(p<0.01) was observed in the digestibility of crude fiber during the 15-30kg growing stage and the 60-90kg growing stage, has adverse effect(p>0.05) on energy during the 30-60kg growing stage. (3)slaughter test and analyzing test. (1)Significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in lean meat percentage.(2) No significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in meat with regard to dressing percentage,
carcass length and fat percentage, significant effect(p<0.05) on loin muscle, hindquarter percentage, leaf fat and back fat. (3)No significant effects(p>0.05) were observed in the contains of water, significant effects(p<0.05) were observed in the contains of protein, lipid and amino acid.(4)No significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in pH, meat color, cooked meat percentage, significant effect(p<0.05) was observed in flavor, holding capacity and marbling.(5)No significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in physical and chemical index, remains of the heavy metal. All kinds of the sanitary index, the condition of technology and physical and chemical index have shown that the quality meat meet with the standard of no Public Harm Food.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of three kinds of green feed additives(peptide, Chinese herb and the mixture of peptide and micronbaterical) on growth, digestion and meat quality of growing-finishing pig through feeding trail, digestion trail and analyzed trail. Sixty-four crossbred pigs (Duroc Landrace Yorkshire, 15kg originally) were randomly divided into four groups(group A1, group A2, group A3, group A4),using the designing of different factor. The feeding trail was divided into three growing stages-15-30kg growing stage,30-60kg growing stage,60-90kg growing stage to determine the growth capacity. Digestion trail was conducted during the middle period of each growing stage to determine the digestibility of the different kinds of the nutrient,four pigs of each group were slaughtered at the end of the trail to analyze the carcass characteristics, the meat quality, the component of meat and physical-chemical index of the remains. The results of the test are as follow: (1)growth period,
results have showed that different green feed additives have significant effect(p<0.01 or p<0.05) on daily weight gain, feed conversion rate, radio of feed to gain of growing-finishing pig. The result of group A4 is the best. The diarrhea percentage of group A2 is the minimum among the groups (2)Digestion trail. Significant effect(p<0.05) was observed in the digestibility of protein during the different growing stage. Significant effect(p<0.05) was observed in the digestibility of energy during the 15-30kg and 30-60kg growing stage, no significant effect(p<0.05) during the 60-90kg growing stage. Extremely significant effect(p<0.01) was observed in the digestibility of crude fiber during the 15-30kg growing stage and the 60-90kg growing stage, has adverse effect(p>0.05) on energy during the 30-60kg growing stage. (3)slaughter test and analyzing test. (1)Significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in lean meat percentage.(2) No significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in meat with regard to dressing percentage,
carcass length and fat percentage, significant effect(p<0.05) on loin muscle, hindquarter percentage, leaf fat and back fat. (3)No significant effects(p>0.05) were observed in the contains of water, significant effects(p<0.05) were observed in the contains of protein, lipid and amino acid.(4)No significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in pH, meat color, cooked meat percentage, significant effect(p<0.05) was observed in flavor, holding capacity and marbling.(5)No significant effect(p>0.05) was observed in physical and chemical index, remains of the heavy metal. All kinds of the sanitary index, the condition of technology and physical and chemical index have shown that the quality meat meet with the standard of no Public Harm Food.
引文
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3．蔡元丽等．小肽在动物营养中的研究情况及其应用．江西饲料，(2)：11—13
4．曹建国等．“精丰”猪胴体品质和肉质评定测定报告．上海畜牧兽医通讯，1998(3) 10—12
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7．曹伟．肌肉系水力的测定方法．养猪，1998(6)：10—12
8．程忠刚等．大豆素100对肥育猪生产性能胴体品质物肉质的影响．动物科学和动物医学，2002(8)：10—14
9．段玉兰．小肽的吸收及其应用前景．饲料博览，2002，(3)：43-45
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13．冯秀燕．寡肽在蛋白质营养中的作用．动物营养学报，13(3)：8—13
14．葛长荣等．作为饲料添加剂的猪用天然植物中草药组方研究．云南农业大学学报，2002，17(1)：45—50
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28．李学伟．我国猪肉质指标的精确性研究．养猪，2001(5)：17—19
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2．陈伟等．绿色技术壁垒对动物性食品贸易的影响及应对措施．动物科学与动物医学，2001，18(1)：4-6
3．蔡元丽等．小肽在动物营养中的研究情况及其应用．江西饲料，(2)：11—13
4．曹建国等．“精丰”猪胴体品质和肉质评定测定报告．上海畜牧兽医通讯，1998(3) 10—12
5．陈红平等．微生态制剂及其在动物生产上的作用研究进展．广东饲料，2002，11(1)：34—36
6．称志斌．中草药有效成分与畜禽免疫功能，兽药与饲料添加剂，2001(6)：22—24
7．曹伟．肌肉系水力的测定方法．养猪，1998(6)：10—12
8．程忠刚等．大豆素100对肥育猪生产性能胴体品质物肉质的影响．动物科学和动物医学，2002(8)：10—14
9．段玉兰．小肽的吸收及其应用前景．饲料博览，2002，(3)：43-45
10．丁巧玲．中草药免疫研究概述．黑龙江畜牧兽医，1998，(7)：43—44
11．冯定远等．生物技术在动物营养和饲料工业中的应用．2001，22(10)：1—7
12．符华林．中药调节动物免疫作用的研究新进展．兽药与饲料添加剂，2002，(7)：30—33
13．冯秀燕．寡肽在蛋白质营养中的作用．动物营养学报，13(3)：8—13
14．葛长荣等．作为饲料添加剂的猪用天然植物中草药组方研究．云南农业大学学报，2002，17(1)：45—50
15．侯雁等．天然无残留动物生长促进剂的生产技术研究．畜禽业，2001，(6)：45
16．贺普霄．动物微生态制剂与绿色养殖．饲料广角，2001，(8)：10—12
17．胡瑞江．寡肽的营养研究新进展．动物科学与动物医学，2001，18(2)：43—45
18．李桂杰等．动物微生态制剂的研究进展．饲料工业，2000，21(8)：16-18
19．雷生春等．中草药饲料添加剂的研究应用．饲料与添加剂，2002，(7)：30
20．刘力．小肽在反刍动物中的作用．饲料博览，2002(6)：10—11
21．刘建秀．中草药饲料添加剂在畜牧业生产中的应用前景．黑龙江畜徼兽医，2002，(4)：12-13
22．刘晓牧．反刍动物小肽的吸收与营养．动物科学与动物医学，2000(17)2：37—39
23．刘振华．猪肉肉质特性生物化学研究进展．国外畜牧科技，1996，(12)：37—40
24．李建．中草药饲料添加剂在养殖生产中的应用．四川畜牧兽医，2000，27(109)：31—32
25．刘芳等．中草药添加剂的开发利用．饲料博览，2001(5)：43—44
26．刘志武．黑花猪胴体肉质性状与瘦肉率关系的分析．养猪，1998(5)：28
27．吕耀忠．猪胴体中氨基酸与瘦肉率比例变化的分析．养猪，1997(3)：12—13
28．李学伟．我国猪肉质指标的精确性研究．养猪，2001(5)：17—19
29．李利军．饲用抗生素替代物的实验研究．饲料与畜牧，2002(1)：16—18
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