无伸缩缝桥梁的荷载横向分布系数研究
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摘要
无伸缩缝桥梁以其诸多优点、较少限制备受工程师们青睐而得到广泛应用。桥梁结构的静力分析的三步之首就是桥梁荷载横向分布系数的计算，把桥梁的空间问题简化为平面问题求解，但是目前的桥梁设计规范中没有就普通简支桥梁的荷载分布系数能否在整体式桥梁中应用作出规定。由于无伸缩缝桥梁其固有的结构特点，原有计算荷载横向分布系数的理论已经无法反映荷载在无伸缩缝桥梁结构上的实际分布情况，并且无伸缩缝桥梁的桥台固结使得桥梁的有效跨径减小，使得荷载横向分布系数对于无伸缩缝桥梁尤为重要。本文就此开展了无伸缩缝桥梁的荷载横向分布系数的分析研究：
考虑土体－结构的相互作用，建立无伸缩缝桥梁有限元模型，研究不同的荷载分布形式对无伸缩缝桥梁的跨中荷载横向荷载分布的影响规律，不同物理量（挠度、内力）的荷载横向分布系数。分析无伸缩缝桥梁荷载横向分布系数沿桥跨的变化情况；探究横隔梁的设置对无伸缩缝桥梁荷载横向分布系数的影响。为无伸缩缝桥梁的荷载横向分布系数的简化方法提供理论依据。
建立板桥的模型，进行静力试验，通过模型实验验证ANSYS建模分析的可靠性与荷载横向分布系数沿桥跨的变化规律。
进行参数分析，评价等效桩长、桩的纵向抗弯刚度、桩的纵向相对刚度、宽跨比、桥台高度、桥台纵向抗弯刚度、台后土压力作用、主梁的纵向抗弯刚度、内横梁横向刚度以及桥梁跨数对荷载横向分布系数的敏感性。从而得到影响荷载横向分布系数的主要参数和次要参数。
从工程实际出发，综合上述的主要影响参数，对无伸缩缝桥梁荷载横向分布系数进行分析，提出可供工程设计使用的横向分布系数实用图表。
结合实桥进行现场试验，验证有限元分析与荷载横向分布系数实用图表的正确性，并与有伸缩缝桥梁进行比较。
Jointless bridges are becoming more popular and were used widely due to many advantages and little limitations. An important consideration in the design of bridge structures is confirming the transverse load distribution factors to idealize the three-dimensional field as planar issue. While whether the design of transverse load distribution factors for traditional hinge bridges can be applied in jointless bridges is not mentioned in specifications. Later distribution factors in hinge bridges, because of being too simplistic in basic assumptions, have been found to be unrealistic for jointless bridges. Transverse load distribution is different for jointless bridges because the effective span of the bridge is shortened because of partial fixity at the abutments. So, some researches are present in this paper:
In this paper, a finite element model of jointless bridges with integral abutment supported on piles is brought forward, considering the interaction between structure and soil. later distribution factors of moments and distortions, variation of transverse load distribution factors along span, effect of interior girders are investigated, and a representative method is developed to further study transverse load distribution factors for jointless bridges.
A model test is performed to validate the finite element model and the conclusions made in first step.
Parameters influencing transverse load distribution factors in jointless bridges are discussed, which include pile length, bending stiffness of pile, comparative bending stiffness of pile, bending stiffness of abutment, abutment length, different type of soil behind abutment, bending stiffness of girders, stiffness of beam and spans of a bridge. And the main influencing parameters were picked up.
A chart about later distribution factors for slab-on-girder bridges is presented in this paper, which is developed by taking into account the main parameters based on engineering practice.
The transverse load distribution factors is determined in the field from stringer strains and distortion. And compared with those in joints bridges.
考虑土体－结构的相互作用，建立无伸缩缝桥梁有限元模型，研究不同的荷载分布形式对无伸缩缝桥梁的跨中荷载横向荷载分布的影响规律，不同物理量（挠度、内力）的荷载横向分布系数。分析无伸缩缝桥梁荷载横向分布系数沿桥跨的变化情况；探究横隔梁的设置对无伸缩缝桥梁荷载横向分布系数的影响。为无伸缩缝桥梁的荷载横向分布系数的简化方法提供理论依据。
建立板桥的模型，进行静力试验，通过模型实验验证ANSYS建模分析的可靠性与荷载横向分布系数沿桥跨的变化规律。
进行参数分析，评价等效桩长、桩的纵向抗弯刚度、桩的纵向相对刚度、宽跨比、桥台高度、桥台纵向抗弯刚度、台后土压力作用、主梁的纵向抗弯刚度、内横梁横向刚度以及桥梁跨数对荷载横向分布系数的敏感性。从而得到影响荷载横向分布系数的主要参数和次要参数。
从工程实际出发，综合上述的主要影响参数，对无伸缩缝桥梁荷载横向分布系数进行分析，提出可供工程设计使用的横向分布系数实用图表。
结合实桥进行现场试验，验证有限元分析与荷载横向分布系数实用图表的正确性，并与有伸缩缝桥梁进行比较。
Jointless bridges are becoming more popular and were used widely due to many advantages and little limitations. An important consideration in the design of bridge structures is confirming the transverse load distribution factors to idealize the three-dimensional field as planar issue. While whether the design of transverse load distribution factors for traditional hinge bridges can be applied in jointless bridges is not mentioned in specifications. Later distribution factors in hinge bridges, because of being too simplistic in basic assumptions, have been found to be unrealistic for jointless bridges. Transverse load distribution is different for jointless bridges because the effective span of the bridge is shortened because of partial fixity at the abutments. So, some researches are present in this paper:
In this paper, a finite element model of jointless bridges with integral abutment supported on piles is brought forward, considering the interaction between structure and soil. later distribution factors of moments and distortions, variation of transverse load distribution factors along span, effect of interior girders are investigated, and a representative method is developed to further study transverse load distribution factors for jointless bridges.
A model test is performed to validate the finite element model and the conclusions made in first step.
Parameters influencing transverse load distribution factors in jointless bridges are discussed, which include pile length, bending stiffness of pile, comparative bending stiffness of pile, bending stiffness of abutment, abutment length, different type of soil behind abutment, bending stiffness of girders, stiffness of beam and spans of a bridge. And the main influencing parameters were picked up.
A chart about later distribution factors for slab-on-girder bridges is presented in this paper, which is developed by taking into account the main parameters based on engineering practice.
The transverse load distribution factors is determined in the field from stringer strains and distortion. And compared with those in joints bridges.
引文
[1] 彭大文, 洪锦祥, 陈晓冬. 无伸缩缝桥梁的发展综述. 第15届全国桥梁学术会议论文集.上海: 同济大学出版社, 2000.10. 887-894.
[2] 彭大文. 无伸缩装置桥梁的发展. 福州大学学报（自然科学版）. 2001（4）. 70-75.
[3] 彭大文. 中日已建桥梁的无伸缩装置方法综述.工程力学（增刊）. 2001, Vol.I. 896-900.
[4] 洪锦祥. 彭大文.桩基础的整体式桥台桥梁受力性能研究. 中国公路学报. 2002.10. 43-48.
[5] Edward, P. Wasserman. Record Length Jointless Bridge. Portland Cement Association Engineered Concrete Structures, Vol.12, N0.2, Aug.1999.
[6] 唐寰澄. 马丁·比·布克, 美国. 整体式桥梁――一种兴自美国的新桥式. 国外桥梁. 1999.01.
[7]Wolde - Tinsae A. M. Greimann L. F, Johnson B. V. Performance of integral bridge abutments [A] IABSE Proceedings [C] 1983 58-83.
[8] Soltani Alan A, Kukreti Anant R. Performance evaluation of abutment bridges [R] Washington: National Research Council, 1992. 17-24.
[9] Martin Wasserman, JR. Integral bridge : attributes and limitations [R]. Washington: National Research Council, 1993.1-5.
[10] 王伯惠, 取消桥梁伸缩缝做法的新发展. 1991年桥梁学术讨论会论文集, 贵阳, 1991.9. 90-96 .
[11] 张亮, 宁夏元, 设置小边跨的无伸缩缝连续梁桥设计. 中南公路工程. 1998, 23(2):18-20.
[12] 马竞, 金晓勤. 我国第一座整体式全无缝桥梁—广东清远四九桥的设计思路[J]. 中南公路工程. 2002, 27(2):32-34.
[13] 金晓勤, 邵旭东. 整体式无缝桥梁的研究与应用[J]. 重庆交通学院学报. 2002, 21(3):7-10.
[14] Willian Zuk. Jointless Bridges. Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Richmond, VA, Interim Report, Nov. 1980. -Final Report, Jun. 1981.
[15] 王国鼎. 无桥台斜腿钢架桥――适用、经济、美观的新桥型. 公路, 2000,(3):26-29.
[16] 张新旺. 半整体式桥台无缝桥的结构分析及其应用研究: [工程硕士学位论文]. 辽宁: 大连理工大学. 2002.
[17] Iqbal Husain and Dino Bagnariol. Design and Performance of Jointless Bridge in Ontario, New Technical and Material Concepts. Transportation Research Rrcord.
[18] 陈晓冬. 季节性温度荷载下整体式桥台桥梁的台后土压力研究: [硕士学位论文]. 福州:福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2002.
[19] 洪锦祥. 桩土共同作用对整体式桥台的无伸缩缝装置桥梁受力性能影响的研究: [硕士学位论文]. 福州: 福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2002.
[20] Robert E. Abendroth, Lowell F. Greimann, and Patrick B. Ebner , Menbers ,ASCE Abutment Pile Design For Jointless Bridges.
[21] Sami W. Tabsh , Shehab Mourad . Live Load Distribution in Integral Composite Steel Bridge . Engineering Journal, 1998, 35(1): 12-18.
[22] 陈朝慰, 无伸缩缝桥梁桥台与主梁的结点构造及受力性能研究: [硕士学位论文]. 福州: 福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2003.1.
[23] 汪新惠, 整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁动力特性和地震反应研究: [硕士学位论文].福州: 福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2003.1.
[24] 马竞, 整体式全无缝桥梁研究与实践: [工程硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2003.1.
[25] 胡肇滋, 桥梁简化理论-横向分布. 北京: 人民交通出版社 1996.12.
[26] Hemanth K. Thippeswamy , Hota V. S. GangaRao , and Jason M. Franco . “Performance Evaluation of Jointless Bridge” ,Journal of Bridge Engineering. 2002.
[27] 李国豪, 石洞. 公路桥梁荷载横向分布计算. 北京: 人民交通出版社. 1977.12.
[28] 龙驭球, 包世华. 结构力学教程. 北京: 高等教育出版社,1988.9.
[29] 姚玲森．桥梁工程．北京：人民交通出版社，1995.
[30] 中国土木建筑百科辞典. 桥梁工程. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1999.
[31] 贺栓海, 谢仁物. 公路桥梁荷载横向分布计算方法. 北京: 人民交通出版社. 1996.
[32] Jonathan Kunin, “Integral Abutment Bridges: Current Practice in United States and Canada”, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, August 2000.
[33] 李德寅, 王邦楣, 林亚超. 结构模型实验. 北京: 科学出版社. 1996.
[34] R. M. Barker, J. M. Duncan, K. B. Rojiani, P. S. K. Ooi, C. K. Tan, and S. G. Kim, Manuals for the Design of Bridge Foundations[C]. Washington D.C.：National Cooperative Highway Research Program（NCHRP）, Transportation Research Board Rep.343, 1991.
[2] 彭大文. 无伸缩装置桥梁的发展. 福州大学学报（自然科学版）. 2001（4）. 70-75.
[3] 彭大文. 中日已建桥梁的无伸缩装置方法综述.工程力学（增刊）. 2001, Vol.I. 896-900.
[4] 洪锦祥. 彭大文.桩基础的整体式桥台桥梁受力性能研究. 中国公路学报. 2002.10. 43-48.
[5] Edward, P. Wasserman. Record Length Jointless Bridge. Portland Cement Association Engineered Concrete Structures, Vol.12, N0.2, Aug.1999.
[6] 唐寰澄. 马丁·比·布克, 美国. 整体式桥梁――一种兴自美国的新桥式. 国外桥梁. 1999.01.
[7]Wolde - Tinsae A. M. Greimann L. F, Johnson B. V. Performance of integral bridge abutments [A] IABSE Proceedings [C] 1983 58-83.
[8] Soltani Alan A, Kukreti Anant R. Performance evaluation of abutment bridges [R] Washington: National Research Council, 1992. 17-24.
[9] Martin Wasserman, JR. Integral bridge : attributes and limitations [R]. Washington: National Research Council, 1993.1-5.
[10] 王伯惠, 取消桥梁伸缩缝做法的新发展. 1991年桥梁学术讨论会论文集, 贵阳, 1991.9. 90-96 .
[11] 张亮, 宁夏元, 设置小边跨的无伸缩缝连续梁桥设计. 中南公路工程. 1998, 23(2):18-20.
[12] 马竞, 金晓勤. 我国第一座整体式全无缝桥梁—广东清远四九桥的设计思路[J]. 中南公路工程. 2002, 27(2):32-34.
[13] 金晓勤, 邵旭东. 整体式无缝桥梁的研究与应用[J]. 重庆交通学院学报. 2002, 21(3):7-10.
[14] Willian Zuk. Jointless Bridges. Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Richmond, VA, Interim Report, Nov. 1980. -Final Report, Jun. 1981.
[15] 王国鼎. 无桥台斜腿钢架桥――适用、经济、美观的新桥型. 公路, 2000,(3):26-29.
[16] 张新旺. 半整体式桥台无缝桥的结构分析及其应用研究: [工程硕士学位论文]. 辽宁: 大连理工大学. 2002.
[17] Iqbal Husain and Dino Bagnariol. Design and Performance of Jointless Bridge in Ontario, New Technical and Material Concepts. Transportation Research Rrcord.
[18] 陈晓冬. 季节性温度荷载下整体式桥台桥梁的台后土压力研究: [硕士学位论文]. 福州:福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2002.
[19] 洪锦祥. 桩土共同作用对整体式桥台的无伸缩缝装置桥梁受力性能影响的研究: [硕士学位论文]. 福州: 福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2002.
[20] Robert E. Abendroth, Lowell F. Greimann, and Patrick B. Ebner , Menbers ,ASCE Abutment Pile Design For Jointless Bridges.
[21] Sami W. Tabsh , Shehab Mourad . Live Load Distribution in Integral Composite Steel Bridge . Engineering Journal, 1998, 35(1): 12-18.
[22] 陈朝慰, 无伸缩缝桥梁桥台与主梁的结点构造及受力性能研究: [硕士学位论文]. 福州: 福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2003.1.
[23] 汪新惠, 整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁动力特性和地震反应研究: [硕士学位论文].福州: 福州大学土木建筑工程学院, 2003.1.
[24] 马竞, 整体式全无缝桥梁研究与实践: [工程硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2003.1.
[25] 胡肇滋, 桥梁简化理论-横向分布. 北京: 人民交通出版社 1996.12.
[26] Hemanth K. Thippeswamy , Hota V. S. GangaRao , and Jason M. Franco . “Performance Evaluation of Jointless Bridge” ,Journal of Bridge Engineering. 2002.
[27] 李国豪, 石洞. 公路桥梁荷载横向分布计算. 北京: 人民交通出版社. 1977.12.
[28] 龙驭球, 包世华. 结构力学教程. 北京: 高等教育出版社,1988.9.
[29] 姚玲森．桥梁工程．北京：人民交通出版社，1995.
[30] 中国土木建筑百科辞典. 桥梁工程. 中国建筑工业出版社. 1999.
[31] 贺栓海, 谢仁物. 公路桥梁荷载横向分布计算方法. 北京: 人民交通出版社. 1996.
[32] Jonathan Kunin, “Integral Abutment Bridges: Current Practice in United States and Canada”, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, August 2000.
[33] 李德寅, 王邦楣, 林亚超. 结构模型实验. 北京: 科学出版社. 1996.
[34] R. M. Barker, J. M. Duncan, K. B. Rojiani, P. S. K. Ooi, C. K. Tan, and S. G. Kim, Manuals for the Design of Bridge Foundations[C]. Washington D.C.：National Cooperative Highway Research Program（NCHRP）, Transportation Research Board Rep.343, 1991.