地下铁道明挖区间装配式衬砌力学特性研究
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摘要
目前，许多国家都把构件预制化作为技术发展的一个重要标志。构件预制化的程度越高，技术水平也越高。同时构件预制化也是施工工厂化技术发展的必然趋势，是提高工程质量和加快修建速度的主要方法。
装配式衬砌在地下铁道明挖区间隧道中虽有一些研究和应用实例，而在我国研究、应用的实例很少。
在装配式衬砌技术中，接头构造及其设置位置不仅要考虑结构合理的受力状态，更要考虑构件的制造和安装的可能性，并要求减少构件的类型便于实现规模化生产。本文结合课题“广州地铁明挖区间装配式衬砌设计及施工工艺研究”，采用数值分析及模型试验的方法，对明挖装配式衬砌及其接头的力学特性进行了研究，并据此设计出了比较合理的接头设置位置及接头构造模型。
本文主要包括以下研究内容：
(1)对预制装配式结构的型式进行选择。有四种比选结构型式：矩形断面板式结构、矩形断面肋式结构、直墙拱形结构和曲墙拱形结构。主要从结构内力、构件预制条件、现场装配条件、施工速度、防水效果以及经济性等方面进行比较。
(2)建立了接头试验模型，进行了接头试验，并建立接头抗弯刚度模型。对比了试验值与计算值之间差异，并分析了产生这种差异的主要原因。
(3)应用有限元法分析了接头设置位置及接头抗弯刚度的变化对整体结构内力的影响规律，并结合接头抗弯刚度模型设计出比较合理的接头设置位置及接头构造模型。
At present, the component prefabrication is regarded as an important sign of the technology development in many countries and as an important way to improve the engineering quality and accelerate the construction.
Although there are some study & application cases on the forecast technology used in the subway built by the open-cut method, it is scarcely used in our country.
When the joint structure is been building and its position is been setting, it need consider not only the stress state of the whole structure, but also the feasibility of the fabrication and installation of the components. What' s more, it should reduce types of the components in order to produce the components on a large scale.
Based on the project of "Study on the Design of Prefabricated Linings and Construction Technics in the Subway Constructed by the Open-Cut Method in Guangzhou" , this paper analyzes the mechanical character of the joint and the whole structure by the model test and numerical simulation. After the discussion above, the sound joint setting position and structure are designed.
The major finished work is followed:
(1) Choosing the type of the whole structure. There are two rectangle structures and two arc structures to be considered. The primary aspects considered include the internal force of the whole structure, the conditions of assembly linings, the speed of the construction, the waterproof and the economic effects.
(2) After the joint loading test is done, the theoretical evaluation method of the joint stiffness is given. Meanwhile, it compares the result of the test and the result of theory, analyzes the reasons of their difference.
(3) By the FEM method, it analyzes the influence principle of the joint position and stiffness on the whole structure internal force. Combining the joint mechanical model, the sound joint setting position and structure is designed.
装配式衬砌在地下铁道明挖区间隧道中虽有一些研究和应用实例，而在我国研究、应用的实例很少。
在装配式衬砌技术中，接头构造及其设置位置不仅要考虑结构合理的受力状态，更要考虑构件的制造和安装的可能性，并要求减少构件的类型便于实现规模化生产。本文结合课题“广州地铁明挖区间装配式衬砌设计及施工工艺研究”，采用数值分析及模型试验的方法，对明挖装配式衬砌及其接头的力学特性进行了研究，并据此设计出了比较合理的接头设置位置及接头构造模型。
本文主要包括以下研究内容：
(1)对预制装配式结构的型式进行选择。有四种比选结构型式：矩形断面板式结构、矩形断面肋式结构、直墙拱形结构和曲墙拱形结构。主要从结构内力、构件预制条件、现场装配条件、施工速度、防水效果以及经济性等方面进行比较。
(2)建立了接头试验模型，进行了接头试验，并建立接头抗弯刚度模型。对比了试验值与计算值之间差异，并分析了产生这种差异的主要原因。
(3)应用有限元法分析了接头设置位置及接头抗弯刚度的变化对整体结构内力的影响规律，并结合接头抗弯刚度模型设计出比较合理的接头设置位置及接头构造模型。
At present, the component prefabrication is regarded as an important sign of the technology development in many countries and as an important way to improve the engineering quality and accelerate the construction.
Although there are some study & application cases on the forecast technology used in the subway built by the open-cut method, it is scarcely used in our country.
When the joint structure is been building and its position is been setting, it need consider not only the stress state of the whole structure, but also the feasibility of the fabrication and installation of the components. What' s more, it should reduce types of the components in order to produce the components on a large scale.
Based on the project of "Study on the Design of Prefabricated Linings and Construction Technics in the Subway Constructed by the Open-Cut Method in Guangzhou" , this paper analyzes the mechanical character of the joint and the whole structure by the model test and numerical simulation. After the discussion above, the sound joint setting position and structure are designed.
The major finished work is followed:
(1) Choosing the type of the whole structure. There are two rectangle structures and two arc structures to be considered. The primary aspects considered include the internal force of the whole structure, the conditions of assembly linings, the speed of the construction, the waterproof and the economic effects.
(2) After the joint loading test is done, the theoretical evaluation method of the joint stiffness is given. Meanwhile, it compares the result of the test and the result of theory, analyzes the reasons of their difference.
(3) By the FEM method, it analyzes the influence principle of the joint position and stiffness on the whole structure internal force. Combining the joint mechanical model, the sound joint setting position and structure is designed.
引文
[1] 地下铁道设计的技术方向．徐显毅．隧道译丛．1987，(2)：55
[2] P Yurkevich．白俄罗斯地铁混凝土管片衬砌的发展．王华．世界隧道．1996，5：76～78
[3] 贾永刚．铁路隧道装配式衬砌力学特性研究．[研究生硕士学位论文]，西南交通大学．2003．07：2
[4] 朱世友．国内地铁盾构区间隧道管片结构设计的现状与发展．现代隧道技术．2002．6(39)：27
[5] 日本隧道盾构新技术．尹旅超，朱振宏，李玉珍，袁少军等．华中理工大学出版社，1999：71～78
[6] ITA-Working Group Research. Proposed Pecommendation for Design of Lining of shield Tunnel. Japan runnelling Assoclation. pp:1～26
[7] 朱合华，崔茂玉，杨金松．盾构衬砌管片的设计模型与荷载分布的研究．岩土工程学报．2000．22(2)：190～194
[8] 朱合华，陈清军．盾构隧道管片接头衬砌系统的两种受力模型．工程力学(增刊)．1996
[9] Goodman R E et al. A model for the mechanics of joined. Proc ASCE of J SM & F Dn, 1986,94(SM3)
[10] Hashimoto T, Zhu H H, Nagay J. A new model for the behavior of segments in shield tunnel. Proc of the 49th Conference of the Japan Society for Civil Engineers. September, 1994. 626
[11] 重庆建筑工程学院，同济大学，哈尔宾建筑工程学院，天津大学．岩石地下建筑结构．中国建筑工业出版社，1979
[12] 岩石地下建筑技术座谈会资料选编．土建设计．中国建筑工业出版社，1977
[13] 沈春林．国内外建筑防水材料现状和我国发展规划及建议．新型建筑材．2003：(4)
[14] 李庆华．材料力学．西南交通大学出版社，1990
[15] 孙训方等．材料力学．高等教育出版社，1993
[16] 吴家龙．弹性力学．同济大学出版社，1996
[17] I.S. Sokolniklff. Mathematical Theoty of Elasticity, third ed.N.Y.:McGrawHill Book Co.,1970
[18] Robert Wm. Little. Elasticity. Engleweed Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1973
[19] 徐芝伦．弹性力学(上册)．高等教育出版社，1994
[20] Reismann H and Pawlik P.S, Elasticity Theory and Application, JohnWiley and Sons, 1980
[21] 孙钧．地下结构(上册)．科学出版社，1987
[22] 孙钧．地下结构(下册)．科学出版社，1987
[23] 孙钧．地下工程设计与实践．上海科学技术出版社，1996
[24] 关宝树．隧道力学概论．西南交通大学出版社，1993
[25] 李志业，曾艳华．地下结构设计原理．西南交通大学出版社，2003
[26] 施仲衡，张弥等．地下铁道设计与施工．陕西科学技术出版社，1997
[27] 潘昌实．隧道力学数值方法．中国铁道出版社，1995
[28] Crouch, S.L., Solution of plane elasticity problems by the displacement discontinuity method. Int. J. Num. Methods Engng(10), 1976
[29] Zienkiewicz O C. The Finite Elenent Method 3td ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK) Ltd.;1997
[30] Hinton E, Owen D R J. Finite Element Programming. Academic Press, 1977
[31] Bettess P. Infinite elements. Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng. 1977
[32] 管片新技术．中铁西南科学研究院信息研究室译，2001．6
[33] 张厚美，付德明，过迟．盾构隧道管片接头荷载试验研究．现代隧道技术[2]2002，39(6)
[34] P.M. Donde, J.J. Wang. Shear transfer through bolts in segmental tunnel linings. Towards New Worlds in Tunnelling, 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam
[35] 车法星．隧道衬砌接头试验及理论研究．上海隧道．2001(1)
[36] 张厚美，过迟，付德明．圆形隧道装配式衬砌接头刚度模型研究．岩土工程学报．2002．22(3)
[37] Teodor Iftimie, Prefabricated Lining. Conceptional analysis and comparative studies for optimal solution. In: Abdel Salam, ed. Tunnelling and Ground Conditions. 1994
[38] 张厚美，车法星，夏明耀．盾构隧洞双层衬砌接头荷载试验研究．同济大学学报．2001，29(7)
[39] Nasri A. Wunfah & Michael P Della. Full scale testing of tunnel liner. Towards New Worlds in Tunnelling. 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam
[40] 张厚美，叶均良，过迟．盾构隧道管片接头抗弯刚度的经验公式．现代隧道技术．2002，39(2)
[41] 村上博智，小泉．耐荷论机械．土木学会论报文报告集．1978，(150)：103～115
[42] 张庭秀．延安东路隧道装配式衬砌水平整环试验研究．地下工程与隧道．1978，(2)
[43] 张厚美，过迟，吕国梁．盾构压力隧洞双层衬砌的力学模型研究．水利学报．2001，(4)
[44] 张厚美，区希，夏明耀．圆形装配式衬砌结构力学模型研究．建筑结构．2001，31(5)
[45] Nobuyuki Takamatsu. A Study on the bending behavior in the longitudital direction of shield tunnels with secondary linings. Towards New Worlds in Tunnelling, 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam
[46] 陆同寿，崔铁军．圆形衬砌接头刚度模型试验与研究．隧道及地下工程．1978，8(4)
[47] 刘学山．盾构隧道管片横向接头刚度对内力影响的研究．现代隧道技术．2003，40(4)
[48] 黄钟晖，廖少明，刘国彬，候学渊．软土盾构法隧道管片接头位置的优化研究．地下空间．2000，20(4)
[49] 肖龙鸽，薛文博．盾构隧道管片衬砌的内力分析．西部探矿工程．2002，(9)
[50] 丁春林，刘建国，宫全美，肖广智，盾构隧道管片衬砌内力计算方法比较．地下空间，2001．9
[51] 沈在康，潘景龙．混凝土结构试验方法标准讲义．北京：中困建筑科学研究院，1990
[52] 铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003—2001)．中国铁道出版社，1999
[53] 马永欣，郑山锁．结构试验．科学出版社，2001
[54] 邱平．建筑工程结构检测数据的处理．中国环境科学出版社，2002
[2] P Yurkevich．白俄罗斯地铁混凝土管片衬砌的发展．王华．世界隧道．1996，5：76～78
[3] 贾永刚．铁路隧道装配式衬砌力学特性研究．[研究生硕士学位论文]，西南交通大学．2003．07：2
[4] 朱世友．国内地铁盾构区间隧道管片结构设计的现状与发展．现代隧道技术．2002．6(39)：27
[5] 日本隧道盾构新技术．尹旅超，朱振宏，李玉珍，袁少军等．华中理工大学出版社，1999：71～78
[6] ITA-Working Group Research. Proposed Pecommendation for Design of Lining of shield Tunnel. Japan runnelling Assoclation. pp:1～26
[7] 朱合华，崔茂玉，杨金松．盾构衬砌管片的设计模型与荷载分布的研究．岩土工程学报．2000．22(2)：190～194
[8] 朱合华，陈清军．盾构隧道管片接头衬砌系统的两种受力模型．工程力学(增刊)．1996
[9] Goodman R E et al. A model for the mechanics of joined. Proc ASCE of J SM & F Dn, 1986,94(SM3)
[10] Hashimoto T, Zhu H H, Nagay J. A new model for the behavior of segments in shield tunnel. Proc of the 49th Conference of the Japan Society for Civil Engineers. September, 1994. 626
[11] 重庆建筑工程学院，同济大学，哈尔宾建筑工程学院，天津大学．岩石地下建筑结构．中国建筑工业出版社，1979
[12] 岩石地下建筑技术座谈会资料选编．土建设计．中国建筑工业出版社，1977
[13] 沈春林．国内外建筑防水材料现状和我国发展规划及建议．新型建筑材．2003：(4)
[14] 李庆华．材料力学．西南交通大学出版社，1990
[15] 孙训方等．材料力学．高等教育出版社，1993
[16] 吴家龙．弹性力学．同济大学出版社，1996
[17] I.S. Sokolniklff. Mathematical Theoty of Elasticity, third ed.N.Y.:McGrawHill Book Co.,1970
[18] Robert Wm. Little. Elasticity. Engleweed Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1973
[19] 徐芝伦．弹性力学(上册)．高等教育出版社，1994
[20] Reismann H and Pawlik P.S, Elasticity Theory and Application, JohnWiley and Sons, 1980
[21] 孙钧．地下结构(上册)．科学出版社，1987
[22] 孙钧．地下结构(下册)．科学出版社，1987
[23] 孙钧．地下工程设计与实践．上海科学技术出版社，1996
[24] 关宝树．隧道力学概论．西南交通大学出版社，1993
[25] 李志业，曾艳华．地下结构设计原理．西南交通大学出版社，2003
[26] 施仲衡，张弥等．地下铁道设计与施工．陕西科学技术出版社，1997
[27] 潘昌实．隧道力学数值方法．中国铁道出版社，1995
[28] Crouch, S.L., Solution of plane elasticity problems by the displacement discontinuity method. Int. J. Num. Methods Engng(10), 1976
[29] Zienkiewicz O C. The Finite Elenent Method 3td ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK) Ltd.;1997
[30] Hinton E, Owen D R J. Finite Element Programming. Academic Press, 1977
[31] Bettess P. Infinite elements. Int. J. Num. Meth. Engng. 1977
[32] 管片新技术．中铁西南科学研究院信息研究室译，2001．6
[33] 张厚美，付德明，过迟．盾构隧道管片接头荷载试验研究．现代隧道技术[2]2002，39(6)
[34] P.M. Donde, J.J. Wang. Shear transfer through bolts in segmental tunnel linings. Towards New Worlds in Tunnelling, 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam
[35] 车法星．隧道衬砌接头试验及理论研究．上海隧道．2001(1)
[36] 张厚美，过迟，付德明．圆形隧道装配式衬砌接头刚度模型研究．岩土工程学报．2002．22(3)
[37] Teodor Iftimie, Prefabricated Lining. Conceptional analysis and comparative studies for optimal solution. In: Abdel Salam, ed. Tunnelling and Ground Conditions. 1994
[38] 张厚美，车法星，夏明耀．盾构隧洞双层衬砌接头荷载试验研究．同济大学学报．2001，29(7)
[39] Nasri A. Wunfah & Michael P Della. Full scale testing of tunnel liner. Towards New Worlds in Tunnelling. 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam
[40] 张厚美，叶均良，过迟．盾构隧道管片接头抗弯刚度的经验公式．现代隧道技术．2002，39(2)
[41] 村上博智，小泉．耐荷论机械．土木学会论报文报告集．1978，(150)：103～115
[42] 张庭秀．延安东路隧道装配式衬砌水平整环试验研究．地下工程与隧道．1978，(2)
[43] 张厚美，过迟，吕国梁．盾构压力隧洞双层衬砌的力学模型研究．水利学报．2001，(4)
[44] 张厚美，区希，夏明耀．圆形装配式衬砌结构力学模型研究．建筑结构．2001，31(5)
[45] Nobuyuki Takamatsu. A Study on the bending behavior in the longitudital direction of shield tunnels with secondary linings. Towards New Worlds in Tunnelling, 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam
[46] 陆同寿，崔铁军．圆形衬砌接头刚度模型试验与研究．隧道及地下工程．1978，8(4)
[47] 刘学山．盾构隧道管片横向接头刚度对内力影响的研究．现代隧道技术．2003，40(4)
[48] 黄钟晖，廖少明，刘国彬，候学渊．软土盾构法隧道管片接头位置的优化研究．地下空间．2000，20(4)
[49] 肖龙鸽，薛文博．盾构隧道管片衬砌的内力分析．西部探矿工程．2002，(9)
[50] 丁春林，刘建国，宫全美，肖广智，盾构隧道管片衬砌内力计算方法比较．地下空间，2001．9
[51] 沈在康，潘景龙．混凝土结构试验方法标准讲义．北京：中困建筑科学研究院，1990
[52] 铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003—2001)．中国铁道出版社，1999
[53] 马永欣，郑山锁．结构试验．科学出版社，2001
[54] 邱平．建筑工程结构检测数据的处理．中国环境科学出版社，2002