基于PIC16F877单片机的莫尔斯码自动译码系统设计与研究
摘要
莫尔斯码是传统的无线电报编码，有着广泛的应用。本文针对手工拍发的莫尔斯码，设计自动译码系统。
本文首先对莫尔斯码的起源及自动译码系统的目的和意义做了介绍，对该系统的可行性进行了分析。第二章中详细地讨论了系统的硬件部分，其主要功能是将接收到的音频模拟信号转化为高低脉冲信号。硬件解码电路主要包括幅值解码和频率解码两种方式，可根据情况选用。信号限幅放大电路、解码指示电路、单片机接口电路、串口通讯电路是幅值解码和频率解码通路共用的部分。除此，幅值解码通路还包括电压比较电路、多反馈带通滤波电路、检波电路、整形电路等；频率解码通路主要包括NE567解码电路。
本文重点研究了人工拍发莫尔斯码的自适应译码算法，详细描述了基于PIC16F877单片机的软件设计与译码算法的程序实现。译码的关键是根据码速的实时变化，动态计算两种基本码和三种间隔信号的区分域值。作者对译码方法做了详细设计，以中断捕捉方式，求取每一高低脉冲信号时间长度，去除小脉冲干扰，实现对有效信号时间宽度的计算及存储；主程序中对一组信息进行批量处理，实时计算码速，确定各脉冲信号的类别域界定值，从而根据码表还原莫尔斯码报文信息，以串行通信方式，发送至上位机。作者用C语言进行了单片机的软件编程，给出了主程序及中断程序的设计流程图及分析说明。
论文中还分别对幅值解码和频率解码两条通道调试过程中出现的问题做了归纳和分析，对译码调试过程中所出现的问题，以图示方式给出了具体分析，并就存在的问题给出了解决办法。
文章最后对全文工作进行了总结，对作者在硬件和软件算法方面将要进行的工作作出了展望。
Morse code is a coding method, which is used widely. The design of auto-coding system for Morse code beat by handcraft is introduced in this paper.
Firstly, the origin of Morse code and the auto-coding system are introduced, and the possibility of the system is analyzed in this paper. In the second thesis of this paper, the system hardware is discussed in detail. The hardware circuit's primary function is transforming the received analog signals to the pulse signal. The hardware parts include the amplitude decoding and the frequency decoding, which can be selected based on the situation. Limitting and magnifing amplitude circuit decoding display circuit single-chip interface circuit and serial communication circuit are the common parts of the amplitude decoding and the frequency decoding. In addition, the amplitude decoding includes the voltage comparing circuit multitude feedback band-pass filter circuit demodulation circuit regulating circuit;and the frequency decoding includes the NE576 decoding circuit.
The self-adapting coding arithmetic of the Morse code beat by handcraft is introduced primarily; the software design is the emphasis in this paper. The coding arithmetic and the program the software design based on PIC16F877 single-chip are described in detail. The key of the coding is the real-time change of the code speed, calculating dynamically two kinds of basal code and the three kinds of value of gap signal. The system coding idea is discussed in this part. To realize the saving and computing of the time width for effective signals, the high and low impulse width time is obtained, and the interferential impulse signals are removed by using break-catching manner. A set of signals is managed in the main program, the code-speed is computed timely and the sort coefficient of all kinds of signals is confirmed, so the Morse code's information can be reverted by using code table. According to this idea, C language for the single-chip is adopted, and the main design flow charts are presented in this paper.
The problems appearing in the course of debugging of the amplitude decoding and the frequency decoding are analyzed and concluded, respectively. At the same time, the problems about the software arithmetic are analyzed by chart, and the resolved methods are presented.
The last part is conclusion and expectation of this thesis.
本文首先对莫尔斯码的起源及自动译码系统的目的和意义做了介绍，对该系统的可行性进行了分析。第二章中详细地讨论了系统的硬件部分，其主要功能是将接收到的音频模拟信号转化为高低脉冲信号。硬件解码电路主要包括幅值解码和频率解码两种方式，可根据情况选用。信号限幅放大电路、解码指示电路、单片机接口电路、串口通讯电路是幅值解码和频率解码通路共用的部分。除此，幅值解码通路还包括电压比较电路、多反馈带通滤波电路、检波电路、整形电路等；频率解码通路主要包括NE567解码电路。
本文重点研究了人工拍发莫尔斯码的自适应译码算法，详细描述了基于PIC16F877单片机的软件设计与译码算法的程序实现。译码的关键是根据码速的实时变化，动态计算两种基本码和三种间隔信号的区分域值。作者对译码方法做了详细设计，以中断捕捉方式，求取每一高低脉冲信号时间长度，去除小脉冲干扰，实现对有效信号时间宽度的计算及存储；主程序中对一组信息进行批量处理，实时计算码速，确定各脉冲信号的类别域界定值，从而根据码表还原莫尔斯码报文信息，以串行通信方式，发送至上位机。作者用C语言进行了单片机的软件编程，给出了主程序及中断程序的设计流程图及分析说明。
论文中还分别对幅值解码和频率解码两条通道调试过程中出现的问题做了归纳和分析，对译码调试过程中所出现的问题，以图示方式给出了具体分析，并就存在的问题给出了解决办法。
文章最后对全文工作进行了总结，对作者在硬件和软件算法方面将要进行的工作作出了展望。
Morse code is a coding method, which is used widely. The design of auto-coding system for Morse code beat by handcraft is introduced in this paper.
Firstly, the origin of Morse code and the auto-coding system are introduced, and the possibility of the system is analyzed in this paper. In the second thesis of this paper, the system hardware is discussed in detail. The hardware circuit's primary function is transforming the received analog signals to the pulse signal. The hardware parts include the amplitude decoding and the frequency decoding, which can be selected based on the situation. Limitting and magnifing amplitude circuit decoding display circuit single-chip interface circuit and serial communication circuit are the common parts of the amplitude decoding and the frequency decoding. In addition, the amplitude decoding includes the voltage comparing circuit multitude feedback band-pass filter circuit demodulation circuit regulating circuit;and the frequency decoding includes the NE576 decoding circuit.
The self-adapting coding arithmetic of the Morse code beat by handcraft is introduced primarily; the software design is the emphasis in this paper. The coding arithmetic and the program the software design based on PIC16F877 single-chip are described in detail. The key of the coding is the real-time change of the code speed, calculating dynamically two kinds of basal code and the three kinds of value of gap signal. The system coding idea is discussed in this part. To realize the saving and computing of the time width for effective signals, the high and low impulse width time is obtained, and the interferential impulse signals are removed by using break-catching manner. A set of signals is managed in the main program, the code-speed is computed timely and the sort coefficient of all kinds of signals is confirmed, so the Morse code's information can be reverted by using code table. According to this idea, C language for the single-chip is adopted, and the main design flow charts are presented in this paper.
The problems appearing in the course of debugging of the amplitude decoding and the frequency decoding are analyzed and concluded, respectively. At the same time, the problems about the software arithmetic are analyzed by chart, and the resolved methods are presented.
The last part is conclusion and expectation of this thesis.
引文
[1] 刘和平．PIC 16F87X单片机实用软件与接口技术——C语言及其应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．
[2] Online Morse code automatic recognition with neural network system annual Report of Research Reactor institute, Kyoto university, 2001, 1: P684～686
[3] 何立刚．噪声背景下短波莫尔斯信号的自动检测和识别研究：[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程技术大学，2005．
[4] 王忠盛．MAD-Ⅰ型莫尔斯电码自动译码机．通信与计算技术．1984，25(4)：P128～129
[5] 林瑞华等译．用微处理机对莫尔斯电码进行机器译码．通信与计算技术．1983，23(5)：P130～133
[6] 岳喜才，郑崇勋．基于离散Gabor谱的短波电报信号检测．数据采集与处理．1999，14(1)：P22～25
[7] 林佳仕．短波通信中信号检测算法研究．[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程技术大学，2003：P46～50
[8] 张新昌．集成运算放大器的应用．北京：高等教育出版社．1985．P182～192
[9] 张肃文，陆兆熊．高频电子线路．北京：高等教育出版社．1979．P504～529
[10] 张厥盛，郑继禹，万心平．锁相技术．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003年．
[11] 李学海．PIC单片机原理．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．P12～17
[12] 张明峰．PIC单片机入门与实战，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．
[13] 邢增平．PROTEL99SE设计专家指导．北京：中国铁道出版社．2004年．P235
[14] 武锋，陈新建．PIC单片机C语言开发入门．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005．P66
[15] 童诗白．模拟电子技术基础．北京：高等教育出版社．1988．P494～499
[16] 刘巧云，胡毅，王建梅．单片机测控系统的抗干扰技术．合肥工业大学学报 (自然科学版)，27(10)，P1372～1374．
[17] 艾玲梅．单片机测控系统抗干扰技术．陕西工学院学报，2003(2)：P36～40．
[18] 朱杨荷．有效消除无线寻呼网的同频干扰的滚频技术．移动技术，1997(5)：P26～29
[19] 刘刚，王越，戴桂梅，马澄波．一种抑制同频干扰的新技术．广播与电视技术， 1997(10): P100～102.
[20] G. Leventhall, P. Pelmear, S. Benton. A Review of Published Research on Low Frequency Noise and its Effects. 5, 2003.
[21] H. G. Andrews Ⅱ, M. E. Turbyfill, C.W. Keefer. Anti-jamming optical beam-forming systems.
[22] H. C. Chang. Phase Noise in Self-Injection-Locked Oscillators—Theory and Experiment. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 51 (9), 2003.
[23] Unto K. Laine D. ENOISING AND ANALYSIS OF AUDIO RECORDINGS MADE DURING THE APRIL 6-7 2000 GEOMAGNETIC STORM BY USING A NON-PROFESSIONAL AD HOC SETUP Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Aland.
[24] C' eline Thillou and Bemard Gosselin. ROBUST THRESHOLDING BASED ON WAVELETS AND THINNING ALGORITHMS FOR DEGRADED CAMERA IMAGES.
[25] A. Mehrotra. Noise in Radio Frequency Circuits: Analysis and Design Implications. November 22, 2000.
[26] Nicolas Brunel, 1 Frances S. Chance, 2 Nicolas Fourcaud, 1 and L. F. Abbott2. Effects of Synaptic Noise and Filtering on the Frequency Response of Spiking Neurons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 86(10).
[27] Daniel H. Cheever. A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR AUDIO FREQUENCY POWER AMPLIFIER TESTING BASED ON PSYCHOACOUSTIC DATA THAT BETTER CORRELATES WITH SOUND QUALITY, 1989.
[28] Danny Abramovitch. Phase-Locked Loops: A Control Centric Tutorial COMMUNICATIONS AND PTICS RESEARCH LAB. 5, 2002.
[29] 刘光斌，刘冬，姚志成．单片机系统实用抗干扰技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[30] 王幸之，王雷，翟成，王闪．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．P347-385．
[31] 刘大健，夏哲雷，卫力．集成锁相环路解码器LM567及其在检测电路中的应用．国外电子元器件，2000(1)：P30～31．
[32] 鲁昆生，程文青．一种性能优良的新型单音解码器．华中理工大学学报，1999(4)：P76～79．
[33] 来清民，张玉英．关于音频译码器LM567的使用．河南教育学院学报(自然科学版)，2001(2)：P17～18
[34] 李尚德，王建军，克伦．用广播电台报时信号自动校准电子钟．内蒙古师大学报自然科学(汉文)版，2001(4)：P311～313．
[35] 姜田华．由锁相环LM567构成的校时电路．电子技术，1994(2)：P44～45．
[36] 黄锐，王跃科，唐贵林，刘桂秋．基于PIC单片机的电话自动报警系统．微计算机信息，1998(1)：P85～87．
[37] 赵晶．电路设计与制版PROTEL99高级应用．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．
[38] 樊昌元，文斌，王保强．应用于民航空管的TPU莫尔斯译码器．电子测量与仪器学报，18(3)，2004．
[39] 高晋占．气象探空莫尔斯码自动译码研究．气象科技，1999年第4期．
[40] 励映群，骆鲁秦．NE567音频译码器原理及其应用．电子技术应用，1995(11)：P45～47
[41] 利用单音编译码实现电力线载波机选呼兼群呼通信．电力系统通信，1995(5)：P28～30．
[42] R. C. Dubes and A. K. Jain, Algorithms for clustering data, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988.
[43] J. C. Bezdek, Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithm, Plenum Press, New York, 1981.
[44] R. Krishnapuram, O. Nasrasni and H. Frigui, The fuzzy c spherical shell algorithm: a new approach, IEEE Trans, NN, 3(5), 1992, P663-671.
[2] Online Morse code automatic recognition with neural network system annual Report of Research Reactor institute, Kyoto university, 2001, 1: P684～686
[3] 何立刚．噪声背景下短波莫尔斯信号的自动检测和识别研究：[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程技术大学，2005．
[4] 王忠盛．MAD-Ⅰ型莫尔斯电码自动译码机．通信与计算技术．1984，25(4)：P128～129
[5] 林瑞华等译．用微处理机对莫尔斯电码进行机器译码．通信与计算技术．1983，23(5)：P130～133
[6] 岳喜才，郑崇勋．基于离散Gabor谱的短波电报信号检测．数据采集与处理．1999，14(1)：P22～25
[7] 林佳仕．短波通信中信号检测算法研究．[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程技术大学，2003：P46～50
[8] 张新昌．集成运算放大器的应用．北京：高等教育出版社．1985．P182～192
[9] 张肃文，陆兆熊．高频电子线路．北京：高等教育出版社．1979．P504～529
[10] 张厥盛，郑继禹，万心平．锁相技术．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003年．
[11] 李学海．PIC单片机原理．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．P12～17
[12] 张明峰．PIC单片机入门与实战，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．
[13] 邢增平．PROTEL99SE设计专家指导．北京：中国铁道出版社．2004年．P235
[14] 武锋，陈新建．PIC单片机C语言开发入门．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005．P66
[15] 童诗白．模拟电子技术基础．北京：高等教育出版社．1988．P494～499
[16] 刘巧云，胡毅，王建梅．单片机测控系统的抗干扰技术．合肥工业大学学报 (自然科学版)，27(10)，P1372～1374．
[17] 艾玲梅．单片机测控系统抗干扰技术．陕西工学院学报，2003(2)：P36～40．
[18] 朱杨荷．有效消除无线寻呼网的同频干扰的滚频技术．移动技术，1997(5)：P26～29
[19] 刘刚，王越，戴桂梅，马澄波．一种抑制同频干扰的新技术．广播与电视技术， 1997(10): P100～102.
[20] G. Leventhall, P. Pelmear, S. Benton. A Review of Published Research on Low Frequency Noise and its Effects. 5, 2003.
[21] H. G. Andrews Ⅱ, M. E. Turbyfill, C.W. Keefer. Anti-jamming optical beam-forming systems.
[22] H. C. Chang. Phase Noise in Self-Injection-Locked Oscillators—Theory and Experiment. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 51 (9), 2003.
[23] Unto K. Laine D. ENOISING AND ANALYSIS OF AUDIO RECORDINGS MADE DURING THE APRIL 6-7 2000 GEOMAGNETIC STORM BY USING A NON-PROFESSIONAL AD HOC SETUP Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Aland.
[24] C' eline Thillou and Bemard Gosselin. ROBUST THRESHOLDING BASED ON WAVELETS AND THINNING ALGORITHMS FOR DEGRADED CAMERA IMAGES.
[25] A. Mehrotra. Noise in Radio Frequency Circuits: Analysis and Design Implications. November 22, 2000.
[26] Nicolas Brunel, 1 Frances S. Chance, 2 Nicolas Fourcaud, 1 and L. F. Abbott2. Effects of Synaptic Noise and Filtering on the Frequency Response of Spiking Neurons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 86(10).
[27] Daniel H. Cheever. A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR AUDIO FREQUENCY POWER AMPLIFIER TESTING BASED ON PSYCHOACOUSTIC DATA THAT BETTER CORRELATES WITH SOUND QUALITY, 1989.
[28] Danny Abramovitch. Phase-Locked Loops: A Control Centric Tutorial COMMUNICATIONS AND PTICS RESEARCH LAB. 5, 2002.
[29] 刘光斌，刘冬，姚志成．单片机系统实用抗干扰技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[30] 王幸之，王雷，翟成，王闪．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．P347-385．
[31] 刘大健，夏哲雷，卫力．集成锁相环路解码器LM567及其在检测电路中的应用．国外电子元器件，2000(1)：P30～31．
[32] 鲁昆生，程文青．一种性能优良的新型单音解码器．华中理工大学学报，1999(4)：P76～79．
[33] 来清民，张玉英．关于音频译码器LM567的使用．河南教育学院学报(自然科学版)，2001(2)：P17～18
[34] 李尚德，王建军，克伦．用广播电台报时信号自动校准电子钟．内蒙古师大学报自然科学(汉文)版，2001(4)：P311～313．
[35] 姜田华．由锁相环LM567构成的校时电路．电子技术，1994(2)：P44～45．
[36] 黄锐，王跃科，唐贵林，刘桂秋．基于PIC单片机的电话自动报警系统．微计算机信息，1998(1)：P85～87．
[37] 赵晶．电路设计与制版PROTEL99高级应用．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．
[38] 樊昌元，文斌，王保强．应用于民航空管的TPU莫尔斯译码器．电子测量与仪器学报，18(3)，2004．
[39] 高晋占．气象探空莫尔斯码自动译码研究．气象科技，1999年第4期．
[40] 励映群，骆鲁秦．NE567音频译码器原理及其应用．电子技术应用，1995(11)：P45～47
[41] 利用单音编译码实现电力线载波机选呼兼群呼通信．电力系统通信，1995(5)：P28～30．
[42] R. C. Dubes and A. K. Jain, Algorithms for clustering data, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988.
[43] J. C. Bezdek, Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithm, Plenum Press, New York, 1981.
[44] R. Krishnapuram, O. Nasrasni and H. Frigui, The fuzzy c spherical shell algorithm: a new approach, IEEE Trans, NN, 3(5), 1992, P663-671.