萍乡红鲫消化酶活性及肠道组织学研究
|
摘要
本研究运用常规解剖学、组织学、免疫组织化学及酶学技术,对萍乡红鲫肠道大体形态、组织、细胞及消化酶活性进行了研究。结果表明:萍乡红鲫无胃,肠道紧接在食管之后,整个肠道在腹腔内呈“S”型走向。由前至后依次分前肠、中肠和后肠,前肠起始端膨大,肠管由前向后逐渐变细。体重(Y)随体长(X)变化的回归方程为Y=0.0309X~(3.0296)(R~2=0.9531)。肠长比为3.73。各肠段肠壁包括粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层,肌层分内环行和外纵行两层。粘膜褶的高度和数目由前肠到后肠逐渐降低,前肠、中肠及后肠之间的差异均极显著(P＜0.01)。杯状细胞的数目:由前肠向后肠呈逐渐增多的趋势,经统计学分析差异不显著(P＞0.05)。肠道粘液细胞可分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型。前肠以Ⅰ型粘液细胞为主,主要呈球形或杯状;中肠以Ⅳ型粘液细胞为主,细胞形态与前肠粘液细胞相似;后肠以Ⅲ型粘液细胞为主,主要呈蝌蚪状。胃泌素细胞和生长抑素细胞形态多样,有柱形、圆形、椭圆形、锥形和细长形等。胃泌素细胞和生长抑素细胞各肠段均有分布,分布密度由前肠往后肠逐渐降低。福林酚试剂法测得不同组织中蛋白酶活性大小顺序为:前肠＞中肠＞后肠＞肝胰脏,肝胰脏蛋白酶活性极显著低于肠道各段(P＜0.01),前肠蛋白酶活性极显著高于后肠(P＜0.01),显著高于中肠(P＜0.05),中肠与后肠的蛋白酶活性没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。聚乙烯醇橄榄油乳化液水解法测得不同组织间脂肪酶活性大小顺序为:中肠＞肝胰脏＞前肠＞后肠,不同组织中的脂肪酶活性均没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。淀粉—碘显色法测得淀粉酶活性大小在不同组织中的顺序为:肝胰脏＞前肠＞后肠＞中肠,肝胰脏的淀粉酶活性显著高于前肠(P＜0.05),极显著高于中肠和后肠(P＜0.01),肠道各段淀粉酶活性均没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。
Anatomy,histology,immunohistochemistry of intestine and activities of digestive enzyme of Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp were studied by the methods of morphology and enzyme kinetics in this paper.The results were as follows:Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp had no stomach,esophagus was followed by intestine.The intestine travels as the route of "S" in the body cavity.The intestine includes foregut,midgut and postgut.The beginning of the intestine expands, and the diameter of gut was getting thin from foregut to postgut.The regression equation of the weight(Y)and the body length(X)was Y=0.0309X~(3.0296)(R~2=0.9531). The ratio of gut length to body length was 3.73.The wall of intestine consists of mucous membrane,submucosa,tunica muscularis and serosa membrane.Tunica muscularis was divided into inner circular muscularis and outer muscularis.The number and the height of tunica mucosa folds decreases gradually from the anterior intestion to the posterior(P＜0.01);but the number of goblet cell changes from few to many.The mucous cells in the intestine of Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp can be classified into 4 types:typeⅠ,typeⅡ,typeⅢ,typeⅣ.The foregut was rich in typeⅠcells,the morphology of the foregut mucous cells were round or goblet;the midgut rich in typeⅣcells,the morphology like that of the foregut;the postgut rich in typeⅢcells,the morphology were main tadpole alike.The morphology of Gastrin cells and Somatostatin cells vary in shape,such as club,round,ellipse,shuttle, pyramid and so on.Gastrin cells and Somatostatin cells occured in the whole intestine and distributed decreases gradually from the anterior intestine to the posterior one. The results on the activities of protease,lipase and amylase in Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp showed that the activities of protease in the hepatopancreas was significantly lower than that in the intestine(P＜0.01),which in the foregut was much significantly higher than that in the postgut(P＜0.01),and significantly higher than that in the midgut(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the midgut and the postgut(P＞0.05).The order of protease activities in the intestine was foregut＞midgut＞postgut.There were no significant differences in the lipase activities among any part of the intestine and the hepatopancreas(P＞0.05).The order of lipase activities was midgut＞hepatopancreas＞foregut＞postgut.The amylase activities in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher than those in the intestine(P＜0.05),and much significantly higher than that in the midgut and in the postgut(P＜0.01),and there was no significant differences among the different part of intestine(P＞0.05).The order of amylase activities was hepatopancreas＞foregut＞postgut＞midgut.
Anatomy,histology,immunohistochemistry of intestine and activities of digestive enzyme of Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp were studied by the methods of morphology and enzyme kinetics in this paper.The results were as follows:Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp had no stomach,esophagus was followed by intestine.The intestine travels as the route of "S" in the body cavity.The intestine includes foregut,midgut and postgut.The beginning of the intestine expands, and the diameter of gut was getting thin from foregut to postgut.The regression equation of the weight(Y)and the body length(X)was Y=0.0309X~(3.0296)(R~2=0.9531). The ratio of gut length to body length was 3.73.The wall of intestine consists of mucous membrane,submucosa,tunica muscularis and serosa membrane.Tunica muscularis was divided into inner circular muscularis and outer muscularis.The number and the height of tunica mucosa folds decreases gradually from the anterior intestion to the posterior(P＜0.01);but the number of goblet cell changes from few to many.The mucous cells in the intestine of Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp can be classified into 4 types:typeⅠ,typeⅡ,typeⅢ,typeⅣ.The foregut was rich in typeⅠcells,the morphology of the foregut mucous cells were round or goblet;the midgut rich in typeⅣcells,the morphology like that of the foregut;the postgut rich in typeⅢcells,the morphology were main tadpole alike.The morphology of Gastrin cells and Somatostatin cells vary in shape,such as club,round,ellipse,shuttle, pyramid and so on.Gastrin cells and Somatostatin cells occured in the whole intestine and distributed decreases gradually from the anterior intestine to the posterior one. The results on the activities of protease,lipase and amylase in Pingxiang red-transparent crucian carp showed that the activities of protease in the hepatopancreas was significantly lower than that in the intestine(P＜0.01),which in the foregut was much significantly higher than that in the postgut(P＜0.01),and significantly higher than that in the midgut(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the midgut and the postgut(P＞0.05).The order of protease activities in the intestine was foregut＞midgut＞postgut.There were no significant differences in the lipase activities among any part of the intestine and the hepatopancreas(P＞0.05).The order of lipase activities was midgut＞hepatopancreas＞foregut＞postgut.The amylase activities in the hepatopancreas was significantly higher than those in the intestine(P＜0.05),and much significantly higher than that in the midgut and in the postgut(P＜0.01),and there was no significant differences among the different part of intestine(P＞0.05).The order of amylase activities was hepatopancreas＞foregut＞postgut＞midgut.
引文
[1]林浩然.五种不同食性鲤科鱼类消化道[J].中山大学学报(自然科学),1962,(3):57-68.
[2]王迎春,周勤,段晓英.八种海产硬骨鱼类消化系统的比较解剖研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,1997,3:46-51.
[3]刘红梅.乌鳢消化系统组织学及消化酶的研究.[硕士学位论文].山东:中国海洋大学,2006.
[4]阮国良,杨代勤,严安生等.月鳢消化系统形态及组织学的研究.湖北农业学院学报,2004,24(3):185-189.
[5]刘怀如,潘宝平.南方鲇消化道组织形态学的研究.天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(4):38-42.
[6]方静,周毅.齐口裂腹和重口裂腹鱼消化形态和组织结构的观察[J].四川农业大学学报,1995,13(1):101-106.
[7]赵惠玲,范海燕,赵惠卿.鲤鱼消化道组织学及组织化学研究[J].太原师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,5(2):125-128.
[8]丛娇日.红鳍东方鲍幼鱼消化道的组织学和形态学研究[J].海洋科学,1998(4):53-58.
[9]Clarke A J,Witocomb D M.A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the common eel(Anguilla anguilla)[J].J of Fish Biol,1980,16:159-170.
[10]朱友芳,张其永.九龙江口潮间带大弹涂鱼食性及其消化管组织结构[J].台湾海峡,1993,12(3):226-232.
[11]方静,周毅.齐口裂腹鱼口咽腔粘膜上皮及味蕾的超微结构研究[J].四川农业大学学报,1996,14(2):297-300.
[12]Cataldf E.A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the sea-bream,Sparus aurata[J].J of Fish Biol,1987,30:135-145.
[13]谢碧文,王志坚.瓦氏黄桑鱼消化系统组织学的初步研究[J].内江师范学院学报,2002,17(2):22-27.
[14]陈康贵,王志贤,岳兴建.长薄鳅消化系统结构研究[J].西南农业大学学报,2002.24(6):587-490.
[15]尾崎久雄(吴尚忠译).鱼类消化生理(上、下册)[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1983,296-328.
[16]喻子牛,孔晓瑜,孙世春.真鲷消化道的组织学和形态学研究[J].水产学报,1997,21(2):113-119.
[17]刘云,姜国良,郑家声.牙鲆消化道形态学及组织学研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(4):548-554.
[18]Morrison C.M.,Wright J.R.A study of the histology of the digestive tract of the Nile tilapia [J].J of Fish Biol,1999,54(3):597-606.
[19]殷江霞,张耀光,李萍等.华鲮消化道组织学与组织化学的初步研究[J].淡水鱼业,2005,35(6):7-10.
[20]龚启祥,杨文鸽.草鱼消化道发育的组织学观察[J].浙江水产学院学报,1990,9(2):85-89.
[21]何敏.重口裂腹鱼消化道组织学和免疫组织化学的研究.[硕士学位论文].四川:四川农业大学,2006.
[22]张金花.泰山螭霖鱼肠道组织学和免疫组织化学的研究.[硕士学位论文].山东:山东农业大学,2002.
[23]Cataldi E,Cataudella S,Monaco q et al.A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the sea bream,Sparus aurata[J].J of Fish Biol,1987,30:135-145.
[24]张甫英,胡炜等.鳜消化器官的组织学观察[J].水生生物学报,1998,22(4):380-382.
[25]石戈,王健鑫,刘雪珠等.褐菖鲉消化道的组织学和组织化学[J].水产学报,2007,31(3):293-302.
[26]蒲德永,王志坚,赵海鹏等.亚东鲑消化系统的形态学和组织学观察.四川动物,2006,25(4):825-828.
[27]Grau A,Crespo S,Sarasquete M C et al.The digestive tract of the amberjact Sariola dumerili,Risso:A light and scanning microscopic study[J].J of Fish Biol,1992,41:287-303.
[28]Jacobasheagen E.Untersuchungen uber Darmsystem der Fische und Dipnoer Ⅱ[J].Naturw:Jena Zeischr,1913,49:373-410.
[29]栾雅文,张广忠,陈路等.胡子鲶(Claris fuscus Lacelede)消化道组织学的初步研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(2):203-206.
[30]莫艳秀,王晓清,莫永亮.长吻鮠消化系统的形态学与组织学观察[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,30(3):267-271.
[31]李明德,王良臣.鱼类学,下册(形态和生物学)[M].南开大学出版社,1992,82-85.
[32]范瑞青,姜明,汝少国.蓝非鲫肠道上皮组织的扫描电镜观察[J].海洋科学,2001,25(11):53-54.
[33]姚承昌.白鲟消化道形态学与组织学的初步观察[J].水生生物学报,1989,13(1):65-75.
[34]Rombout J.H.W.M.et al.Pancreatic endocrine cells of Barbus Conchonius(Teleostei,Cyprinidae)and their telation to the enteroendocrine cell[J].Cell Tissue Res,1979,203:9-23.
[35]Reifel C.W.et al.Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species[J].Anat.Anz.Jena.,1983,154:413-418.
[36]潘黔生,方之平,樊启学等.鲢、鳙、银鲫和团头鲂肠道G细胞定位与免疫组化研究[J].动物学报,1995,41(2):167-172.
[37]Conlon J.M.Regulatory peptides(glucagon,somatostation,substance P and VIP)in the brain and gastrointestinal tract of a mbystoma mexicanum[J].Gen.Comp.Endocrinal,1991,(8):150-158.
[38]夏立群,王庆堂.乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究[J].动物学研究,1994,15(4):35-36.
[39]林树根,吴德峰,王寿昆.日本鳗丽胃肠胰内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位[J].水产学报,2003,27(6):513-518.
[40]方之平,潘黔生,聂秀云等.两种有胃真骨鱼胃肠胰系统中内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位[J].华中农业大学学报,1997,16(6):594-598.
[41]方之平,潘黔生,陈松林等.草鱼GH单克隆抗体对9种硬骨鱼的免疫细胞化学定位[J].水生生物学报,1998,22(4):355-360.
[42]潘黔生,方之平.几种激素在鳜鱼胃肠道内分泌中存在的免疫细胞化学证据[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(6):565-570.
[43]方静,何敏.重口裂腹鱼消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学鉴别和定位[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):744-747.
[44]PAN Q S,FANG ZP,ZHAO YX.Immunocytochemical identification and localization of APUD cells in the gut of seven stomachless teleost fishes[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2000,6(1):96-101.
[45]Stefan Nilss and Susane Holmgren[M].Fish Physiology,1986:119-135.
[46]舒妙安,徐海圣,朱有法等.黄鳝胃肠的生长抑素分泌细胞及超微结构[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):206-212.
[47]樊均德,方静,何敏.Glu细胞与5-HT细胞在两种裂腹鱼肠道的免疫组织化学研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2006,24(4):444-447.
[48]王寿昆,李君秋,林建斌等.褐牙鲆消化道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2007,36(2):171-175.
[49]朱文玉.脑-肠肽研究的进展[J].生理科学进展,1982,13(1):15-18.
[50]GARCIA HERNANDEZ MP,LOZANO MT,AGULLEIRO B.Ontogeny of the endocrine cells of the intestine and rectum of sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.):an ultratructural study[J].Anat Embryol(Bed),1994,190(6):529-539.
[51]Reinecke M.Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptide hormone in endocrine cells of the digestive tract of Brancnios toma lanceolatum[J].Cell Tissue Res.1981,219:445-456.
[52]M.EL SALHY.Immunocytochemical investigation of the gastro-entero- pancrieatic(GEP)neurohormonal peptides in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish Squalus acanthias[J].Histochemistry,1984,80:193-205.
[53]YUI R,NAGATA Y,FUJ ITA T.Immunocytochemical studies on the islet and the gut of the arctic lamprey,Lampetra japonical[J].Arch Histol Cytol,1988,51(1):109-119.
[54]刘怀如,潘宝平.南方鲇胃肠道嗜银细胞的形态学及分布规律初探[J].安徽大学学报,2003,27(4):88-92.
[55]Abad M.E.F.M,Peeze B.M.T,Elbal J.H.W.M,et al.A comparative immunocytochemical study of the gastro-entero-pancreatic(GEP)endocrine system in a stomachless and a stomach-containing teleost[J].Gen.Comp.Endocrinol.1987,66:123-136.
[56]顾江.APUD系统的现状[J].生理科学进展,1982,13(2):120-125.
[57]王志均.关于内分泌概念的相对性和发展[J].生理科学进展,1983,14(3):196-198.
[58]杨贵文,安利国.鱼类粘液细胞研究进展[J].水产学报,1999,23(4):403-407.
[59]Kitzan,S.M.,P.R.Sweeny.A light and electron microscope study of the structure of Protopterus annectens epidermis.Ⅰ.Mucus production[J].Can.J.Zool.,1968,46:767-772.
[60]Sibbing F A,Uribe R.Regional specializations in the oropharyngeal wall and food processing in the carp(cyprirtus ocarpio L)[J].Netherl J Zool,1985,35(3):377-422.
[61]Sinha GM.A histochemical study of the mucous cells in the bucco-pharyngeal region of four Indian freshwater fishes in relation to their origin,development,curarence and probable functions[J].Acta Histochem Bd,1975,53S:217-233.
[62]Zaccone G.Morphochemical analysis of the mucous cells during the development of the respiratory in Mollionisia sphenops Cux.And val(Teleostei Poecilidae)[J].Acta histochem Bd,1973,47S:233-243.
[63]Singh B R,Cuba G.,Munshil S D.Mucous cells of the respiratory sac in an air-breathing fish,Saccobranchus fossilis[J].(Bioch)Cellule.1974,70(1):5-15.
[64]杨桂文,安利国,王长法等.鲤鱼皮肤粘液与血清中免疫球蛋白的比较研究[J].动物学研究,1998,19(6):489-492.
[65]袁金铎,张明,王钦东.淡水白鳍粘液细胞类型和分布的研究[J].细胞生物学杂志(增刊),1997:70-72.
[66]Gona O.A comparative study of fish mucous cells[J].Anta Rec,1979,193(3):552.
[67]Sinha GM.Functional histology of the different regions of the oesophagus of a fresh water major carp.Labeo calbasu(Hamilton)during the different life history stage[J].Zoologische Beitrage,1977,23(3):353-360.
[68]Gona O.Mucous glycoprotein of teleosteam fish:a comparative histochemical study[J].Histochem J,11:709-718.
[69]张峰.日本海马仔鱼消化系统的组织学研究[J].中国水产科学,1997,4(3):92-94.
[70]冯晓燕,郑家声,王梅林.许氏平鲉消化道的组织学研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(3):399-404.
[71]孙素荣,张俞疆.银鲫消化道的组织形态学和组织化学[J].干旱区研究,1997,14(4):65-68.
[72]Noaillac depeyre J,Gac N.Ultrastructure and cytochemical study of the gastric epithelium in a fresh water teleostean fish(Perca fluva,slis)[J].Cell Tisss Res,1987,10(1):23-37.
[73]何敏,张宇,方静.重口裂腹鱼消化道黏液细胞类型及分布研究[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(2):24-33.
[74]Rombout J H W M,et al.The gut-associated lymphoid tissue(GALT)of carp(Cyprirnus carpio L).An immunocytochemical analysis[J].Dev.Comp Immuna,1993,17:55-66.
[75]Hofer R,Sch iemer F.Proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of several species of fish with different feeding habits[J].Oeco logia,1981,48:342-345.
[76]Agrawal V P.Digestive enzymes of three teleost fishes[J].Acta physiol Hung.1975,46:93-98.
[77]吴婷婷.鳜、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究[J].中国水产科学,1994,1(2):10-16.
[78]黄耀桐,刘永坚.草鱼肠道肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的初步研究[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(4):328-333.
[79]刘伟,潘萍芝.摄食不同饲料幼鲤肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活性的研究[J].水产科学杂志,1997,10(1):26-30.
[80]Kawai S.Ikadus.Studies on Digestive Enzymes of Fishes Ⅲ.Development of Digestive Enzymes of Rainbow Troust after Hatching and Effects of Dietary Changes on the Activities of Digestive Enzymes in the Juvenile Stage[J].Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish,1973,39:819-823.
[81]Hofer R.The adaptation of digestive enzymes to temperature,seasons and diet in roach,Ru tilus rutilus and Rudd Scardiniusery throphthalmus Ⅰ:Amylase.J of Fish Biol,1978,14:565-572.Ⅱ:Protease.J of Fish Biol,1979,15:373-379.
[82]方之平,潘黔生,何瑞国等.温度对彭泽鲫主要消化酶活力的影响[J].水利渔业,1998,2:15-17.
[83]王海英.大菱鲆主要消化酶:蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶的研究.[博士学位论文].山东:中国海洋大学,2004.
[84]倪寿文,桂远明,刘焕亮.草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1990,5(3):19-24.
[85]倪寿文,桂远明,刘焕亮.草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫淀粉酶活性的比较研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1992,7(1):24-31.
[86]吴永沛,郭彩华.真鲷肝脏蛋白酶的性质[J].厦门水产学院学报,1992,14(2):13-17.
[87]王重刚.不同饵料对真鲷稚鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].海洋学报,1998,20(4):103-106.
[88]冯俊荣.牙鲆幼鱼消化能力与消化道蛋白酶活性的研究[J].水产科学,2006,4:163-165
[89]Kawai S,Ikeda S.Effects of dietary changes on the activities of digestive enzymes in carp intestine[J].Bull Japan Soc Science Fish,1972,38(3):265-269.
[90]李广丽.草鱼、鲤肠道、肝胰脏消化酶活性的初步研究[J].湛江水产学院学报,1994,14(1):34-40.
[91]洪一江,胡成钰,张忠萍等.萍乡肉红鲫肌肉营养成分分析[J].水利渔业,2001,21(3):20-21.
[92]洪一江,王静等.三倍体萍乡肉红鲫的精子入卵及胚胎发育观察[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(5):518-523.
[93]Y.J.Hong et al.BRIEF COMMUNICATION:a population of red-transparent triploid Carassius auratus[J].Fish Biol,2005,(67):1139-1143.
[94]余智杰,王启林等.萍乡肉红鲫人工繁殖及苗种培育技术研究[J].江西水产科技,2005,2:14-17.
[95]肖增雪,王启林等.萍乡肉红鲫养殖推广及经济效益分析[J].江西水产科技,2005,3:16-19.
[96]王启林,余智杰等.萍乡肉红鲫成鱼养殖试验[J].江西水产科技,2005,3:20-22.
[97]陈啸梅,周文郁,彭俊云等.组织化学手册[M].人民卫生出版社,1982,77-78.
[98]李菡君,邵文友,姚艳红等.长鳍吻鮈消化系统组织学初步研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,24(3):13-16.
[99]尾崎久雄[日].鱼类消化生理(下册)[M].李爱杰,沈宗武译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984.
[100]王启林,余智杰,朱耀武,等.萍乡肉红鲫食性与生长研究[J].江西水产科技,2005,4:20-26.
[101]Mcvay J.A.,Kaan H.W.The digestive tract of Carassius auratus[J].Biol.Bull.1940,78:53-67.
[102]栾雅文,戴高柱,刘龙翔等.鲢鱼消化系统组织学的初步研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1997,28(5):659-663.
[103]史建全,刘建虎,陈大庆等.青海湖裸鲤肠道组织学研究.淡水渔业,2004,34(2):16-19.
[104]楼允东,郑德崇,黄文浩.组织胚胎学[M].北京:农业出版社,1981,127-143.
[105]张毓人,楼允东,徐庆登等.高邮杂交鲫及其亲本消化道形态与组织学观察[J].水产学报,1992,16(1):80-85.
[106]安利国,孟广勋,杨桂文等.鲤稚幼体早期发育过程中黏液细胞的发生和变化[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(2):191-194.
[107]尹苗,安利国,杨桂文等.鲤鱼粘液细胞类型的研究[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(1):8-9.
[108]Reifei CW,Travill A A.Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the oesophagus in ten telesotean species[J].J Morph,1977,152:303-313.
[109]张金花,王树迎.鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的研究进展[J].水产科学,2002,21(3):37-39.
[110]叶海辉,朱艾嘉,黄辉洋等.中华乌塘鳢消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2007,45(4):545-548.
[111]张席锦.生长抑素[M]//王志均.胃肠激素.北京:科学出版社,1985:197-199.
[112]Rombout J H,Reinecks M.Immunohistochemical location of(neuro-)peptide hormones in endocrine cells and nerves of the gut of a stomachless teleost fish,Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae)[J].Cell Tissue Research,1984,237:57-65.
[113]方永强,翁幼竹,胡晓霞等.鲻鱼胃肠道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位[J].水产学报,2002,26(6):481-485.
[114]潘黔生,方之平.四种鲤科鱼类肠道中胃泌素免疫活性细胞的免疫组织化学定位及比较[J].华中农业大学学报,1988,7(3):238-242.
[115]方之平,潘黔生,赵雅心等.鲇、乌鳢和大口黑鲈消化道粘膜中内分泌细胞的定位及比较[C].中国动物学会.中国动物科学研究(中国动物学会成立65周年论文集)北京:林业出版社.1999,1031-1035.
[116]林树根,黄小华,吴德峰.花鲈消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别和定位[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):7-11.
[117]王志均,梅懋华,朱文玉.胃肠激素(第一版)[M].北京:北京科学出版社,1985,137-312.
[118]上海市医学化验所编.临床生化检验(上册)[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1979.
[119]北京大学生物系生物化学教研室编.生物化学实验指导[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1980:71-72
[120]Agrawal V P,Sastry K V and Kaushab S K S.Digestive enzymes of three teleostfishes[J].Acta Physio Hunq,1975,46:93-98.
[121]乔秀亭,张美婷,宋学军.鲤鱼肝胰脏、脾脏蛋白酶活性研究[J].水利渔业,1999,9(4):9-10.
[122]Dhage K P.Studies of the digestive enzymes in the there species of major Carps of India [J].J Biol Sci,1968,(11):63-74.
[123]高春生,齐子鑫,范光丽等.淇河鲫鱼消化酶活性研究[J].水利渔业,2006,26(1):78.
[124]王宏田,张培军.牙鲆体内消化酶活性的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):472-476.
[125]Jonas E,Serge Y.Proteolytic digestive enzymes of carnivorous(Silurus glanis L.),herbivorous(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.),and omnivorus(Cyprinus carpio L.)fishes[J].Aquaculture,1983,30:145-154.
[126]Dask M,Tripathi S D.Studies on the digestive enzyme of grass carp[J].Aquac,1991,(92):21-23.
[2]王迎春,周勤,段晓英.八种海产硬骨鱼类消化系统的比较解剖研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,1997,3:46-51.
[3]刘红梅.乌鳢消化系统组织学及消化酶的研究.[硕士学位论文].山东:中国海洋大学,2006.
[4]阮国良,杨代勤,严安生等.月鳢消化系统形态及组织学的研究.湖北农业学院学报,2004,24(3):185-189.
[5]刘怀如,潘宝平.南方鲇消化道组织形态学的研究.天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(4):38-42.
[6]方静,周毅.齐口裂腹和重口裂腹鱼消化形态和组织结构的观察[J].四川农业大学学报,1995,13(1):101-106.
[7]赵惠玲,范海燕,赵惠卿.鲤鱼消化道组织学及组织化学研究[J].太原师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,5(2):125-128.
[8]丛娇日.红鳍东方鲍幼鱼消化道的组织学和形态学研究[J].海洋科学,1998(4):53-58.
[9]Clarke A J,Witocomb D M.A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the common eel(Anguilla anguilla)[J].J of Fish Biol,1980,16:159-170.
[10]朱友芳,张其永.九龙江口潮间带大弹涂鱼食性及其消化管组织结构[J].台湾海峡,1993,12(3):226-232.
[11]方静,周毅.齐口裂腹鱼口咽腔粘膜上皮及味蕾的超微结构研究[J].四川农业大学学报,1996,14(2):297-300.
[12]Cataldf E.A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the sea-bream,Sparus aurata[J].J of Fish Biol,1987,30:135-145.
[13]谢碧文,王志坚.瓦氏黄桑鱼消化系统组织学的初步研究[J].内江师范学院学报,2002,17(2):22-27.
[14]陈康贵,王志贤,岳兴建.长薄鳅消化系统结构研究[J].西南农业大学学报,2002.24(6):587-490.
[15]尾崎久雄(吴尚忠译).鱼类消化生理(上、下册)[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1983,296-328.
[16]喻子牛,孔晓瑜,孙世春.真鲷消化道的组织学和形态学研究[J].水产学报,1997,21(2):113-119.
[17]刘云,姜国良,郑家声.牙鲆消化道形态学及组织学研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(4):548-554.
[18]Morrison C.M.,Wright J.R.A study of the histology of the digestive tract of the Nile tilapia [J].J of Fish Biol,1999,54(3):597-606.
[19]殷江霞,张耀光,李萍等.华鲮消化道组织学与组织化学的初步研究[J].淡水鱼业,2005,35(6):7-10.
[20]龚启祥,杨文鸽.草鱼消化道发育的组织学观察[J].浙江水产学院学报,1990,9(2):85-89.
[21]何敏.重口裂腹鱼消化道组织学和免疫组织化学的研究.[硕士学位论文].四川:四川农业大学,2006.
[22]张金花.泰山螭霖鱼肠道组织学和免疫组织化学的研究.[硕士学位论文].山东:山东农业大学,2002.
[23]Cataldi E,Cataudella S,Monaco q et al.A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the sea bream,Sparus aurata[J].J of Fish Biol,1987,30:135-145.
[24]张甫英,胡炜等.鳜消化器官的组织学观察[J].水生生物学报,1998,22(4):380-382.
[25]石戈,王健鑫,刘雪珠等.褐菖鲉消化道的组织学和组织化学[J].水产学报,2007,31(3):293-302.
[26]蒲德永,王志坚,赵海鹏等.亚东鲑消化系统的形态学和组织学观察.四川动物,2006,25(4):825-828.
[27]Grau A,Crespo S,Sarasquete M C et al.The digestive tract of the amberjact Sariola dumerili,Risso:A light and scanning microscopic study[J].J of Fish Biol,1992,41:287-303.
[28]Jacobasheagen E.Untersuchungen uber Darmsystem der Fische und Dipnoer Ⅱ[J].Naturw:Jena Zeischr,1913,49:373-410.
[29]栾雅文,张广忠,陈路等.胡子鲶(Claris fuscus Lacelede)消化道组织学的初步研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(2):203-206.
[30]莫艳秀,王晓清,莫永亮.长吻鮠消化系统的形态学与组织学观察[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,30(3):267-271.
[31]李明德,王良臣.鱼类学,下册(形态和生物学)[M].南开大学出版社,1992,82-85.
[32]范瑞青,姜明,汝少国.蓝非鲫肠道上皮组织的扫描电镜观察[J].海洋科学,2001,25(11):53-54.
[33]姚承昌.白鲟消化道形态学与组织学的初步观察[J].水生生物学报,1989,13(1):65-75.
[34]Rombout J.H.W.M.et al.Pancreatic endocrine cells of Barbus Conchonius(Teleostei,Cyprinidae)and their telation to the enteroendocrine cell[J].Cell Tissue Res,1979,203:9-23.
[35]Reifel C.W.et al.Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species[J].Anat.Anz.Jena.,1983,154:413-418.
[36]潘黔生,方之平,樊启学等.鲢、鳙、银鲫和团头鲂肠道G细胞定位与免疫组化研究[J].动物学报,1995,41(2):167-172.
[37]Conlon J.M.Regulatory peptides(glucagon,somatostation,substance P and VIP)in the brain and gastrointestinal tract of a mbystoma mexicanum[J].Gen.Comp.Endocrinal,1991,(8):150-158.
[38]夏立群,王庆堂.乌鳢胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究[J].动物学研究,1994,15(4):35-36.
[39]林树根,吴德峰,王寿昆.日本鳗丽胃肠胰内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位[J].水产学报,2003,27(6):513-518.
[40]方之平,潘黔生,聂秀云等.两种有胃真骨鱼胃肠胰系统中内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位[J].华中农业大学学报,1997,16(6):594-598.
[41]方之平,潘黔生,陈松林等.草鱼GH单克隆抗体对9种硬骨鱼的免疫细胞化学定位[J].水生生物学报,1998,22(4):355-360.
[42]潘黔生,方之平.几种激素在鳜鱼胃肠道内分泌中存在的免疫细胞化学证据[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(6):565-570.
[43]方静,何敏.重口裂腹鱼消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学鉴别和定位[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):744-747.
[44]PAN Q S,FANG ZP,ZHAO YX.Immunocytochemical identification and localization of APUD cells in the gut of seven stomachless teleost fishes[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2000,6(1):96-101.
[45]Stefan Nilss and Susane Holmgren[M].Fish Physiology,1986:119-135.
[46]舒妙安,徐海圣,朱有法等.黄鳝胃肠的生长抑素分泌细胞及超微结构[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):206-212.
[47]樊均德,方静,何敏.Glu细胞与5-HT细胞在两种裂腹鱼肠道的免疫组织化学研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2006,24(4):444-447.
[48]王寿昆,李君秋,林建斌等.褐牙鲆消化道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2007,36(2):171-175.
[49]朱文玉.脑-肠肽研究的进展[J].生理科学进展,1982,13(1):15-18.
[50]GARCIA HERNANDEZ MP,LOZANO MT,AGULLEIRO B.Ontogeny of the endocrine cells of the intestine and rectum of sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.):an ultratructural study[J].Anat Embryol(Bed),1994,190(6):529-539.
[51]Reinecke M.Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptide hormone in endocrine cells of the digestive tract of Brancnios toma lanceolatum[J].Cell Tissue Res.1981,219:445-456.
[52]M.EL SALHY.Immunocytochemical investigation of the gastro-entero- pancrieatic(GEP)neurohormonal peptides in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish Squalus acanthias[J].Histochemistry,1984,80:193-205.
[53]YUI R,NAGATA Y,FUJ ITA T.Immunocytochemical studies on the islet and the gut of the arctic lamprey,Lampetra japonical[J].Arch Histol Cytol,1988,51(1):109-119.
[54]刘怀如,潘宝平.南方鲇胃肠道嗜银细胞的形态学及分布规律初探[J].安徽大学学报,2003,27(4):88-92.
[55]Abad M.E.F.M,Peeze B.M.T,Elbal J.H.W.M,et al.A comparative immunocytochemical study of the gastro-entero-pancreatic(GEP)endocrine system in a stomachless and a stomach-containing teleost[J].Gen.Comp.Endocrinol.1987,66:123-136.
[56]顾江.APUD系统的现状[J].生理科学进展,1982,13(2):120-125.
[57]王志均.关于内分泌概念的相对性和发展[J].生理科学进展,1983,14(3):196-198.
[58]杨贵文,安利国.鱼类粘液细胞研究进展[J].水产学报,1999,23(4):403-407.
[59]Kitzan,S.M.,P.R.Sweeny.A light and electron microscope study of the structure of Protopterus annectens epidermis.Ⅰ.Mucus production[J].Can.J.Zool.,1968,46:767-772.
[60]Sibbing F A,Uribe R.Regional specializations in the oropharyngeal wall and food processing in the carp(cyprirtus ocarpio L)[J].Netherl J Zool,1985,35(3):377-422.
[61]Sinha GM.A histochemical study of the mucous cells in the bucco-pharyngeal region of four Indian freshwater fishes in relation to their origin,development,curarence and probable functions[J].Acta Histochem Bd,1975,53S:217-233.
[62]Zaccone G.Morphochemical analysis of the mucous cells during the development of the respiratory in Mollionisia sphenops Cux.And val(Teleostei Poecilidae)[J].Acta histochem Bd,1973,47S:233-243.
[63]Singh B R,Cuba G.,Munshil S D.Mucous cells of the respiratory sac in an air-breathing fish,Saccobranchus fossilis[J].(Bioch)Cellule.1974,70(1):5-15.
[64]杨桂文,安利国,王长法等.鲤鱼皮肤粘液与血清中免疫球蛋白的比较研究[J].动物学研究,1998,19(6):489-492.
[65]袁金铎,张明,王钦东.淡水白鳍粘液细胞类型和分布的研究[J].细胞生物学杂志(增刊),1997:70-72.
[66]Gona O.A comparative study of fish mucous cells[J].Anta Rec,1979,193(3):552.
[67]Sinha GM.Functional histology of the different regions of the oesophagus of a fresh water major carp.Labeo calbasu(Hamilton)during the different life history stage[J].Zoologische Beitrage,1977,23(3):353-360.
[68]Gona O.Mucous glycoprotein of teleosteam fish:a comparative histochemical study[J].Histochem J,11:709-718.
[69]张峰.日本海马仔鱼消化系统的组织学研究[J].中国水产科学,1997,4(3):92-94.
[70]冯晓燕,郑家声,王梅林.许氏平鲉消化道的组织学研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(3):399-404.
[71]孙素荣,张俞疆.银鲫消化道的组织形态学和组织化学[J].干旱区研究,1997,14(4):65-68.
[72]Noaillac depeyre J,Gac N.Ultrastructure and cytochemical study of the gastric epithelium in a fresh water teleostean fish(Perca fluva,slis)[J].Cell Tisss Res,1987,10(1):23-37.
[73]何敏,张宇,方静.重口裂腹鱼消化道黏液细胞类型及分布研究[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(2):24-33.
[74]Rombout J H W M,et al.The gut-associated lymphoid tissue(GALT)of carp(Cyprirnus carpio L).An immunocytochemical analysis[J].Dev.Comp Immuna,1993,17:55-66.
[75]Hofer R,Sch iemer F.Proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of several species of fish with different feeding habits[J].Oeco logia,1981,48:342-345.
[76]Agrawal V P.Digestive enzymes of three teleost fishes[J].Acta physiol Hung.1975,46:93-98.
[77]吴婷婷.鳜、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究[J].中国水产科学,1994,1(2):10-16.
[78]黄耀桐,刘永坚.草鱼肠道肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的初步研究[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(4):328-333.
[79]刘伟,潘萍芝.摄食不同饲料幼鲤肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活性的研究[J].水产科学杂志,1997,10(1):26-30.
[80]Kawai S.Ikadus.Studies on Digestive Enzymes of Fishes Ⅲ.Development of Digestive Enzymes of Rainbow Troust after Hatching and Effects of Dietary Changes on the Activities of Digestive Enzymes in the Juvenile Stage[J].Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish,1973,39:819-823.
[81]Hofer R.The adaptation of digestive enzymes to temperature,seasons and diet in roach,Ru tilus rutilus and Rudd Scardiniusery throphthalmus Ⅰ:Amylase.J of Fish Biol,1978,14:565-572.Ⅱ:Protease.J of Fish Biol,1979,15:373-379.
[82]方之平,潘黔生,何瑞国等.温度对彭泽鲫主要消化酶活力的影响[J].水利渔业,1998,2:15-17.
[83]王海英.大菱鲆主要消化酶:蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶的研究.[博士学位论文].山东:中国海洋大学,2004.
[84]倪寿文,桂远明,刘焕亮.草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1990,5(3):19-24.
[85]倪寿文,桂远明,刘焕亮.草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫淀粉酶活性的比较研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1992,7(1):24-31.
[86]吴永沛,郭彩华.真鲷肝脏蛋白酶的性质[J].厦门水产学院学报,1992,14(2):13-17.
[87]王重刚.不同饵料对真鲷稚鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].海洋学报,1998,20(4):103-106.
[88]冯俊荣.牙鲆幼鱼消化能力与消化道蛋白酶活性的研究[J].水产科学,2006,4:163-165
[89]Kawai S,Ikeda S.Effects of dietary changes on the activities of digestive enzymes in carp intestine[J].Bull Japan Soc Science Fish,1972,38(3):265-269.
[90]李广丽.草鱼、鲤肠道、肝胰脏消化酶活性的初步研究[J].湛江水产学院学报,1994,14(1):34-40.
[91]洪一江,胡成钰,张忠萍等.萍乡肉红鲫肌肉营养成分分析[J].水利渔业,2001,21(3):20-21.
[92]洪一江,王静等.三倍体萍乡肉红鲫的精子入卵及胚胎发育观察[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(5):518-523.
[93]Y.J.Hong et al.BRIEF COMMUNICATION:a population of red-transparent triploid Carassius auratus[J].Fish Biol,2005,(67):1139-1143.
[94]余智杰,王启林等.萍乡肉红鲫人工繁殖及苗种培育技术研究[J].江西水产科技,2005,2:14-17.
[95]肖增雪,王启林等.萍乡肉红鲫养殖推广及经济效益分析[J].江西水产科技,2005,3:16-19.
[96]王启林,余智杰等.萍乡肉红鲫成鱼养殖试验[J].江西水产科技,2005,3:20-22.
[97]陈啸梅,周文郁,彭俊云等.组织化学手册[M].人民卫生出版社,1982,77-78.
[98]李菡君,邵文友,姚艳红等.长鳍吻鮈消化系统组织学初步研究[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,24(3):13-16.
[99]尾崎久雄[日].鱼类消化生理(下册)[M].李爱杰,沈宗武译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984.
[100]王启林,余智杰,朱耀武,等.萍乡肉红鲫食性与生长研究[J].江西水产科技,2005,4:20-26.
[101]Mcvay J.A.,Kaan H.W.The digestive tract of Carassius auratus[J].Biol.Bull.1940,78:53-67.
[102]栾雅文,戴高柱,刘龙翔等.鲢鱼消化系统组织学的初步研究.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1997,28(5):659-663.
[103]史建全,刘建虎,陈大庆等.青海湖裸鲤肠道组织学研究.淡水渔业,2004,34(2):16-19.
[104]楼允东,郑德崇,黄文浩.组织胚胎学[M].北京:农业出版社,1981,127-143.
[105]张毓人,楼允东,徐庆登等.高邮杂交鲫及其亲本消化道形态与组织学观察[J].水产学报,1992,16(1):80-85.
[106]安利国,孟广勋,杨桂文等.鲤稚幼体早期发育过程中黏液细胞的发生和变化[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(2):191-194.
[107]尹苗,安利国,杨桂文等.鲤鱼粘液细胞类型的研究[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(1):8-9.
[108]Reifei CW,Travill A A.Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the oesophagus in ten telesotean species[J].J Morph,1977,152:303-313.
[109]张金花,王树迎.鱼类胃肠道内分泌细胞的研究进展[J].水产科学,2002,21(3):37-39.
[110]叶海辉,朱艾嘉,黄辉洋等.中华乌塘鳢消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2007,45(4):545-548.
[111]张席锦.生长抑素[M]//王志均.胃肠激素.北京:科学出版社,1985:197-199.
[112]Rombout J H,Reinecks M.Immunohistochemical location of(neuro-)peptide hormones in endocrine cells and nerves of the gut of a stomachless teleost fish,Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae)[J].Cell Tissue Research,1984,237:57-65.
[113]方永强,翁幼竹,胡晓霞等.鲻鱼胃肠道内分泌细胞免疫组织化学的定位[J].水产学报,2002,26(6):481-485.
[114]潘黔生,方之平.四种鲤科鱼类肠道中胃泌素免疫活性细胞的免疫组织化学定位及比较[J].华中农业大学学报,1988,7(3):238-242.
[115]方之平,潘黔生,赵雅心等.鲇、乌鳢和大口黑鲈消化道粘膜中内分泌细胞的定位及比较[C].中国动物学会.中国动物科学研究(中国动物学会成立65周年论文集)北京:林业出版社.1999,1031-1035.
[116]林树根,黄小华,吴德峰.花鲈消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别和定位[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):7-11.
[117]王志均,梅懋华,朱文玉.胃肠激素(第一版)[M].北京:北京科学出版社,1985,137-312.
[118]上海市医学化验所编.临床生化检验(上册)[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1979.
[119]北京大学生物系生物化学教研室编.生物化学实验指导[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1980:71-72
[120]Agrawal V P,Sastry K V and Kaushab S K S.Digestive enzymes of three teleostfishes[J].Acta Physio Hunq,1975,46:93-98.
[121]乔秀亭,张美婷,宋学军.鲤鱼肝胰脏、脾脏蛋白酶活性研究[J].水利渔业,1999,9(4):9-10.
[122]Dhage K P.Studies of the digestive enzymes in the there species of major Carps of India [J].J Biol Sci,1968,(11):63-74.
[123]高春生,齐子鑫,范光丽等.淇河鲫鱼消化酶活性研究[J].水利渔业,2006,26(1):78.
[124]王宏田,张培军.牙鲆体内消化酶活性的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):472-476.
[125]Jonas E,Serge Y.Proteolytic digestive enzymes of carnivorous(Silurus glanis L.),herbivorous(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.),and omnivorus(Cyprinus carpio L.)fishes[J].Aquaculture,1983,30:145-154.
[126]Dask M,Tripathi S D.Studies on the digestive enzyme of grass carp[J].Aquac,1991,(92):21-23.