长吻鮠脑垂体的超微结构和卵巢组织学研究
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摘要
本文采用组织学方法和透射电镜技术对处于不同发育阶段、不同生理状态长吻魷脑垂体的超微结构以及卵巢组织学结构进行了较详细的研究。结果表明：
长吻魷脑垂体包括腺垂体和神经垂体两个部分，腺垂体组织中有六种分泌细胞即促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞、催乳激素(PRL)分泌细胞、生长激素(STH)分泌细胞、促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞、促黑色素细胞刺激激素(MSH)分泌细胞；神经垂体组织中存在A型(A_1、A_2)和B型神经分泌纤维，A型分泌纤维轴突中具有不同类型的分泌颗粒，B型分泌纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。
生殖季节腺垂体中与生殖有关的许多腺细胞分泌活动旺盛。ACTH细胞分泌物颗粒数量、内质网及线粒体均发生明显变化；GTH细胞胞质中充满电子密度较高的大、小两种分泌颗粒；STH细胞处于活跃的合成和分泌状态，分泌颗粒呈现出由融合到释放的状态；TSH细胞胞质中分泌颗粒排空，且电子密度降低，出现大空泡。繁殖后，GTH细胞中的分泌颗粒出现排空；TSH细胞有空泡；STH细胞中的粗面内质网呈现围核环状排列。秋季，在GTH细胞中发现GTH_1和GTH_2两种细胞，GTH_1细胞具有大量的分泌颗粒，并呈围核分布，GTH_2细胞胞质中具有数量较少的小圆形分泌颗粒和大圆形颗粒；STH细胞的结构无明显变化。冬季，GTH细胞核为椭圆形，有少量的分泌颗粒散布在细胞核的周围；STH细胞分泌颗粒数量较少，胞核变形，合成和分泌活动比较微弱；TSH细胞胞质中的分泌颗粒相当多。ACTH、PRL、MSH三种分泌细胞在生殖前后变化不明显。
各时期神经垂体主要变化表现为：产前神经分泌纤维具有较多球形的无被膜分泌颗粒；产后神经分泌纤维轴突中的分泌颗粒呈现排空；秋季神经垂体中部分神经分泌纤维轴突可见到分泌颗粒，但数量相对较少；冬季神经垂体几乎没有变化。
长吻魷卵母细胞发育可分为6个时相，卵巢依其形态结构特征，亦可分为6个时期。 Ⅰ期性腺只存在于1龄个体，最小性成熟个体为3龄。卵巢的成熟系数全年在0.72％～4.65％变动，繁殖季节为每年的5～7月份，产后卵巢很快退回到Ⅱ期，以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬，属一次性产卵类型。
With the method of histologkal section and electronic microscope, we studied the ultra-structure of pituitary and ovary histology of Long-snout catfish at different development stages and physiological conditions. The results were as follows:
The pituitary of Long-snout catfish included adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis have six-cell types in common,i.e adrenocorticotro-phs(ACT- H),lactot-rophs(PRL),somatotrophs(STH),gonadotrophs(GTH), thyrotrophs(TSH), and Melanotroph (MSH) cells. In neurohypophysis, there were three types of neurosecretory fibres, types A1,A2 and B.There were different types'granules in type A neurosecretory fibres axone.In type B neurosecretory fibres axone, there were many small transparent vesicles.
During propagation seasons, secretory activity of gland cells related to reprodution in pituitary was vigorous. Numbers of secretory granules, oplasmic reticulums, mitochondrias in ACTH cells all changed distinctly. GTH cytoplast were full of big and small, high density electron secretory granules.STH cells were in activity synthesis and secretion, secretory granules were from fusion to release. TSH cells cytoplast evacuated secretory granules, electron density decreased and vacuofes appeared. After propagation, GTH cells evacuated large number of secretory granules, TSH cells appeared vacuoles, rough endoplasmic reticulum in STH cells were circumnuclear.In autumn,there were GTH1 cells and GTH2 cells in GTH cells. A large number of secretory granules in GTH1 cells were circumnuclear; In GTH; cells cytoplast,there were two types of secretory granules,small circle and large circle, in small number.Structure of STH cells had no obvious changes. In winter,nuclear of GTH cells were elliptical and a small number o
f secretory granules scattered around nucleolus. Number of secretory granules in STH cells were relatively small, nucleolus distorted, activity of synthesis and secretion decreased. Secretory granules in TSH cells cytoplast were relatively small. Before and after propagation,changes of ACTH PRL and MSH cells were inapparent.
During all stages, main changes of eurohypophysis were as follows: There were global and no envelopes secretory granules in ncurosccrclory fibres before propagation; Neurosecretory fibres axone evacuated secretory granules after propagation.; Secretory granules could be seen in some of neurosecretory fibres axone in autumn,but the number was relatively small. In winter,
neurohypophysis had no changes.
According to the morphotogical and histological features, the development of ovary could be devided into six stages and the changes of the oocytes of the female also could be devided into six phases. Stage of ovaries could be seen in one -year old fishes only, and the smallest maturity age was three years old The mature coefficent of ovaries was 0.72%~4.65%,the spawning period was from May to July. After spawning, the ovaries quickly degenerated to the stage II and then devetoped to the stage III. The results of this paper indicated that Long-snout catfish spawned only once in a year.
长吻魷脑垂体包括腺垂体和神经垂体两个部分，腺垂体组织中有六种分泌细胞即促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)分泌细胞、催乳激素(PRL)分泌细胞、生长激素(STH)分泌细胞、促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞、促黑色素细胞刺激激素(MSH)分泌细胞；神经垂体组织中存在A型(A_1、A_2)和B型神经分泌纤维，A型分泌纤维轴突中具有不同类型的分泌颗粒，B型分泌纤维轴突中含有许多透明小囊泡。
生殖季节腺垂体中与生殖有关的许多腺细胞分泌活动旺盛。ACTH细胞分泌物颗粒数量、内质网及线粒体均发生明显变化；GTH细胞胞质中充满电子密度较高的大、小两种分泌颗粒；STH细胞处于活跃的合成和分泌状态，分泌颗粒呈现出由融合到释放的状态；TSH细胞胞质中分泌颗粒排空，且电子密度降低，出现大空泡。繁殖后，GTH细胞中的分泌颗粒出现排空；TSH细胞有空泡；STH细胞中的粗面内质网呈现围核环状排列。秋季，在GTH细胞中发现GTH_1和GTH_2两种细胞，GTH_1细胞具有大量的分泌颗粒，并呈围核分布，GTH_2细胞胞质中具有数量较少的小圆形分泌颗粒和大圆形颗粒；STH细胞的结构无明显变化。冬季，GTH细胞核为椭圆形，有少量的分泌颗粒散布在细胞核的周围；STH细胞分泌颗粒数量较少，胞核变形，合成和分泌活动比较微弱；TSH细胞胞质中的分泌颗粒相当多。ACTH、PRL、MSH三种分泌细胞在生殖前后变化不明显。
各时期神经垂体主要变化表现为：产前神经分泌纤维具有较多球形的无被膜分泌颗粒；产后神经分泌纤维轴突中的分泌颗粒呈现排空；秋季神经垂体中部分神经分泌纤维轴突可见到分泌颗粒，但数量相对较少；冬季神经垂体几乎没有变化。
长吻魷卵母细胞发育可分为6个时相，卵巢依其形态结构特征，亦可分为6个时期。 Ⅰ期性腺只存在于1龄个体，最小性成熟个体为3龄。卵巢的成熟系数全年在0.72％～4.65％变动，繁殖季节为每年的5～7月份，产后卵巢很快退回到Ⅱ期，以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬，属一次性产卵类型。
With the method of histologkal section and electronic microscope, we studied the ultra-structure of pituitary and ovary histology of Long-snout catfish at different development stages and physiological conditions. The results were as follows:
The pituitary of Long-snout catfish included adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. The adenohypophysis have six-cell types in common,i.e adrenocorticotro-phs(ACT- H),lactot-rophs(PRL),somatotrophs(STH),gonadotrophs(GTH), thyrotrophs(TSH), and Melanotroph (MSH) cells. In neurohypophysis, there were three types of neurosecretory fibres, types A1,A2 and B.There were different types'granules in type A neurosecretory fibres axone.In type B neurosecretory fibres axone, there were many small transparent vesicles.
During propagation seasons, secretory activity of gland cells related to reprodution in pituitary was vigorous. Numbers of secretory granules, oplasmic reticulums, mitochondrias in ACTH cells all changed distinctly. GTH cytoplast were full of big and small, high density electron secretory granules.STH cells were in activity synthesis and secretion, secretory granules were from fusion to release. TSH cells cytoplast evacuated secretory granules, electron density decreased and vacuofes appeared. After propagation, GTH cells evacuated large number of secretory granules, TSH cells appeared vacuoles, rough endoplasmic reticulum in STH cells were circumnuclear.In autumn,there were GTH1 cells and GTH2 cells in GTH cells. A large number of secretory granules in GTH1 cells were circumnuclear; In GTH; cells cytoplast,there were two types of secretory granules,small circle and large circle, in small number.Structure of STH cells had no obvious changes. In winter,nuclear of GTH cells were elliptical and a small number o
f secretory granules scattered around nucleolus. Number of secretory granules in STH cells were relatively small, nucleolus distorted, activity of synthesis and secretion decreased. Secretory granules in TSH cells cytoplast were relatively small. Before and after propagation,changes of ACTH PRL and MSH cells were inapparent.
During all stages, main changes of eurohypophysis were as follows: There were global and no envelopes secretory granules in ncurosccrclory fibres before propagation; Neurosecretory fibres axone evacuated secretory granules after propagation.; Secretory granules could be seen in some of neurosecretory fibres axone in autumn,but the number was relatively small. In winter,
neurohypophysis had no changes.
According to the morphotogical and histological features, the development of ovary could be devided into six stages and the changes of the oocytes of the female also could be devided into six phases. Stage of ovaries could be seen in one -year old fishes only, and the smallest maturity age was three years old The mature coefficent of ovaries was 0.72%~4.65%,the spawning period was from May to July. After spawning, the ovaries quickly degenerated to the stage II and then devetoped to the stage III. The results of this paper indicated that Long-snout catfish spawned only once in a year.
引文
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