地震反演中的非线性优化方法及应用研究
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摘要
地震反演是地震勘探的根本问题。由于大部分地球物理反演属于多极值的目标函
    数优化,使得基于线性或拟线性理论的反演方法往往导致反演结果陷入局部最优,造
    成反演结果的不可靠。本文结合前沿交叉学科的一些最新研究成果,研究提出了基于
    非线性优化理论的地震反演方法,并用于解决当前油气勘探开发中亟待解决而又未解
    决好的难题。该项研究不仅具有较高的学术价值,而且具有广阔的应用前景。
     本文的主要研究内容和取得的成果有:①通过深入分析和研究优化问题中的遗
    传算法和模拟退火法各自的优劣势,提出了两种算法相互渗透、相互配合的退火遗传
    算法,从而改善了非线性全局寻优方法的搜索性能,提高了其在地球物理参数反演中
    的运算效率和反演精度。②针对神经网络结构设计不灵活、权值获取规则单一、易
    陷入局部最优、推广预测能力差等不足,提出了一种用遗传演化策略训练神经网络的
    方法,实现了网络连接权、阈值、网络最佳结构的自适应演化。③对地球物理反演
    中难度较大的剩余静校正量估计进行了深入研究,提出了混合优化自动剩余静校正方
    法,并在两个地区的实际资料处理中取得了较好的应用效果。④针对地震储层预测
    中存在的问题,提出了储层非线性反演与预测的方法技术,并成功应用于白云查干凹
    陷达尔其构造的三维地震反演和储层预测,为该区控制储量申报和有利目标区选择提
    供了准确的依据。⑤首次提出了一种井底以下地层压力随钻预测的新方法。该方法
    引用储层横向预测的基本思路,将测井与地震相结合,通过建立地震属性与测井声波
    之间的神经网络非线性映射模型,进而反推井底以下声波曲线并预测地层压力。该项
    技术为莺琼盆地DF1-1-11高温高压井的顺利钻进提供安全保障、降低钻井成本作出
    了重要的贡献。
Seismic inversion plays a key role in geophysical prospecting. As most of geophysical
     inversions appear as objective function optimization with multi-extreme, which makes the
     conventional inversion methods based on linear or quasi-linear theory cause the solution to
     be optimized locally and unreliable. In this paper, the author presents a series of new
     methods for seismic inversion based on nonlinear optimization theory by making use of
     some latest research results of cross-subjects in leading edge, which are used to resolve the
     difficulties in petroleum exploration and development. This study has considerable
     academic value as well as wide prospects.
    
     In this paper, the main research works and the achievement obtained include the
     following contents: ?presents a hybrid optimization method combining genetic algorithm
     with simulated annealing by deeply analyzing and studying their advantage and
     disadvantage individually. The hybrid algorithm improved the searching performance in
     nonlinear global optimization, calculation efficiency and inversion accuracy in geophysical
     parameters inversion. ?To improve the low performance of existing network learning
     such as inflexibility of Topological structure designed ,simple regulation for weights
     obtained , being easy to be lost in local optimal solution and prediction with low
     performance, this paper presents a new way to train the neural network with genetic
     evolutionary strategy so as to make the linking weight, threshold , optimal structure
     adaptively evolve. ?By deeply study residual statics correction thought to be difficult in
     geophysics inversion, this paper presents a new approach to automatic residual statics
     using hybrid optimization, which brought satisfactory result when applied to real data of
     two areas ?To overcome the problem of existing reservoir prediction using seismic data,
     we developed the technology for nonlinear inversion and prediction of reservoir, which is
     successfully used in 3D seismic inversion and reservoir prediction for Darqi structure in
     Baiyunchagan depression and gives an accurate approach of submitting controlled reserves
     and selecting favorable targets for this area .?The first to present a new method for
     predicting formation pressure. ahead of bit. The method adopts the basic thought of lateral
     prediction of reservoir, combine logging and seismic data, builds the nonlinear mapping
     model of neural network between seismic attributes and sonic logging and then extrapolates
     sonic curves then predicts formation pressure ahead of bit. Great contribution has been done
    
    
     ~2
    
    
    
     with this technique to successful drilling with safe warrant and low drilling cost for high
     temperature and pressure well DF 1-1-11 in Yingqiong basin.
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